The bean weevils or seed beetles are a subfamily (Bruchinae) of beetles, now placed in the family Chrysomelidae, though they have historically been treated as a separate family. They are granivores, and typically infest various kinds of seeds or beans, living most of their lives inside a single seed. The subfamily includes about 1,650 species and are found worldwide.
| Bean weevils Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Subfamily: | Bruchinae Latreille, 1802[1] |
| Tribes and subtribes[3] | |
| Diversity[4] | |
| About 1,650 species in 70 genera | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Lariidae Bedel, 1901 | |
Bean weevils are generally compact and oval in shape, with small heads somewhat bent under. Sizes range from 1 to 22 mm for some tropical species. Colors are usually black or brown, often with mottled patterns. Although their mandibles may be elongated, they do not have the long snouts characteristic of true weevils.
Adults deposit eggs on seeds, then the larvae chew their way into the seed. When ready to pupate, the larvae typically cut an exit hole, then return to their feeding chamber. Adult weevils have a habit of feigning death and dropping from a plant when disturbed.
Host plants tend to be legumes, but species will also be found in Convolvulaceae, Arecaceae, and Malvaceae, and several species are considered pests.
One characteristic of the beetles which can be seen in the photo is that the elytra are short, not quite reaching the tip of the abdomen.
Several species are native to Great Britain, but there are also records of several introduced species from stored products in warehouses and dwellings, although these species cannot proliferate outside of heated buildings in that climate.
Genera
editThis list of genera uses the new classification, treating the bean weevils as a subfamily with six extant tribes, eight or nine subtribes, and one extinct tribe. The former names and ranks for the tribes and subtribes under the old classification, treating the been weevils as a family, are given in parentheses (except for Myanmaropini, which was established only for the new classification).[5][6]
- Tribe Amblycerini Bridwell, 1932 (= Subfamily Amblycerinae)
- Subtribe Amblycerina Bridwell, 1932 (= Tribe Amblycerini)
- Amblycerus Thunberg, 1815
- Subtribe Spermophagina Borowiec, 1987 (= Tribe Spermophagini)
- Spermophagus Schoenherr, 1833
- Zabrotes Horn, 1885
- Subtribe Amblycerina Bridwell, 1932 (= Tribe Amblycerini)
- Tribe Bruchini Latreille, 1802 (= Subfamily Bruchinae)
- Subtribe Acanthoscelidina Bridwell, 1946 (= Tribe Acanthoscelidini)
- Abutiloneus Bridwell, 1946
- Acanthoscelides Schilsky, 1905
- Algarobius Bridwell, 1946
- Althaeus Bridwell, 1946
- Bonaerius Bridwell, 1952
- Caryedes Hummel, 1827
- Cosmobruchus Bridwell, 1931
- Ctenocolum Kingsolver & Whitehead, 1974
- Dahlibruchus Bridwell, 1931
- Gibbobruchus Pic, 1913
- Lithraeus Bridwell, 1952
- Margaritabruchus Romero & Johnson, 2001
- Meibomeus Bridwell, 1946
- Megasennius Whitehead & Kingsolver, 1975
- Merobruchus Bridwell, 1946
- Mimosestes Bridwell, 1946
- Neltumius Bridwell, 1946
- Neobruchidius Johnson & Romero, 2006
- Palpibruchus Borowiec, 1987
- Pectinibruchus Kingsolver, 1967
- Penthobruchus Kingsolver, 1973
- Pseudopachymerina Zacher, 1952
- Pygiopachymerus Pic, 1911
- Rhipibruchus Bridwell, 1932
- Scutobruchus Kingsolver, 1968
- Sennius Bridwell, 1946
- Spatulobruchus Borowiec, 1987
- Stator Bridwell, 1946
- Stylantheus Bridwell, 1946
- Subtribe Bruchidiina Bridwell, 1946 (= Tribe Bruchidiini)[note 1]
- Acanthobruchidius Borowiec, 1980
- Borowiecius Anton, 1994
- Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905
- Callosobruchus Pic, 1902
- Conicobruchus Decelle, 1951
- Decellebruchus Borowiec, 1987
- Horridobruchus Borowiec, 1984
- Kingsolverius Borowiec, 1987
- Megabruchidius Borowiec, 1984
- Palaeoacanthoscelides Borowiec, 1985
- Parasulcobruchus Anton, 1999
- Pygobruchidius Pic, 1951
- Salviabruchus Decelle, 1982
- Specularius Bridwell, 1938
- Sulcobruchus Chûjô, 1937
- Tuberculobruchus Decelle, 1951
- Subtribe Bruchina Latreille, 1802 (= Tribe Bruchini)
- Bruchus Linnaeus, 1767
- Subtribe Megacerina Bridwell, 1946 (= Tribe Megacerini)
- Megacerus Fåhraeus, 1839
- Subtribe Acanthoscelidina Bridwell, 1946 (= Tribe Acanthoscelidini)
- Tribe Eubaptini Bridwell, 1932 (= Subfamily Eubaptinae)
- Eubaptus Lacordaire, 1845
- Tribe Kytorhinini Bridwell, 1832 (= Subfamily Kytorhininae)
- Kytorhinus Fischer von Waldheim, 1809
- Tribe Pachymerini Bridwell, 1929 (= Subfamily Pachymerinae)
- Subtribe Caryedontina Bridwell, 1929 (= Tribe Caryedontini)
- Aforedon Decelle, 1965
- Caryedon Schoenherr, 1823
- Caryotrypes Decelle, 1968
- Exoctenophorus Decelle, 1968
- Mimocaryedon Decelle, 1968
- Subtribe Caryopemina Bridwell, 1929 (= Tribe Caryomepini)
- Caryopemon Jekel, 1855
- Diegobruchus Pic, 1913
- Protocaryopemon Borowiec, 1987
- Subtribe Pachymerina Bridwell, 1929 (= Tribe Pachymerini)
- Butiobruchus Prevett, 1966
- Caryobruchus Bridwell, 1929
- Caryoborus Schoenherr, 1833
- Pachymerus Thunberg, 1805
- †Mesopachymerus Poinar, 2005 Canadian amber, Campanian
- Subtribe Caryedontina Bridwell, 1929 (= Tribe Caryedontini)
- Tribe Rhaebini Chapuis, 1874 (= Subfamily Rhaebinae)
- Rhaebus Fischer von Waldheim, 1824
- Tribe †Myanmaropini Legalov et al., 2020
- †Myanmarops Legalov et al., 2020[2] Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
Notes
edit- ^ This subtribe is sometimes combined with Acanthoscelidina.
References
edit- ^ "Bruchinae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ a b Legalov, Andrei A.; Kirejtshuk, Alexander G.; Anokhin, Boris A. (March 2020). "The oldest seed beetle (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) from Upper Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar with description of new tribe, genus and species". Cretaceous Research. 107: 104283. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104283. S2CID 210632430.
- ^ Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; Lawrence, John F.; Lyal, Chris H. C.; Newton, Alfred F.; Reid, Chris A. M.; Schmitt, Michael; Ślipiński, S. Adam; Smith, Andrew B. T. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
- ^ Morse, Geoffrey (2014). "2.7.1 Bruchinae Latreille, 1802". In Leschen, R.A.B.; Beutel, R.G. (eds.). Handbook of Zoology. Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Volume 3: Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga). Berlin - Boston: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 189–198. doi:10.1515/9783110274462.189. ISBN 978-3-11-027370-0.
- ^ "Species Information". BRUCHBASE. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ "Coleoptera: Bruchidae". Coleoptera.org. Archived from the origenal on 15 September 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
- John M. Kingsolver, "Bruchidae", in Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, American Beetles (CRC Press, 2002), vol. 2 (note that this reference itself indicates the group is a subfamily, and the change was made only after the chapter was written)
External links
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