General John Reed Hodge (12 June 1893 – 12 November 1963) was an American military officer of the United States Army. From 1945 to 1948, Hodge commanded Operation Blacklist Forty as the American military governor of South Korea.
John Reed Hodge | |
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| Born | 12 June 1893 Golconda, Illinois |
| Died | 12 November 1963 (aged 70) Washington, D.C. |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service |  U.S. Army |
| Years of service | 1917–1953 |
| Rank |  General |
| Service number | 0-7285 |
| Unit | Infantry Branch |
| Commands | |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Army DSM (3) Navy DSM Legion of Merit Air Medal Purple Heart |
Early life and career
editBorn in Golconda, Illinois, Hodge attended Southern Illinois Teachers College and the University of Illinois. After completing an officer indoctrination program at the U.S. Army Officer Candidate School at Fort Sheridan, he received a direct commission in the Army as an infantry second lieutenant in 1917. He served in World War I in France and Luxembourg.[1]
Remaining in the Army following the end of the war, he taught military science at Mississippi State University from 1921 to 1925 and graduated from the Infantry School in 1926. After a posting to Hawaii, he graduated from the Command and General Staff School, from where he graduated in 1934, the Army War College, and the Air Corps Tactical School.[1]
World War II
editAt the beginning of World War II, Hodge served as chief of staff of the VII Corps under the command of Major General Robert C. Richardson Jr., located in California as a part of the Western Defense Command. He was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general in June 1942 and transferred to the 25th Infantry Division in Hawaii, where he succeeded Gilbert R. Cook as the assistant division commander (ADC) and deputy of Major General J. Lawton Collins.[1]
The 25th Division was sent overseas to Guadalcanal in November 1942. Hodge stayed with 25th Division until April 1943, when he was promoted to the rank of major general and transferred to the temporary command of the 43rd Infantry Division, where he relieved Major General John H. Hester, who was exhausted from combat.[2] Hodge commanded the 43rd Division during the combats in Northern Solomons and was decorated with the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his service.
After three months of service with the 43rd Division, Hodge was given command of the "Americal" Infantry Division on the Fiji Islands. He subsequently commanded the division during the Bougainville campaign.[3]
Hodge was appointed commanding officer of the newly activated XXIV Corps in Hawaii and participated in the Battle of Leyte within Philippines Campaign and later in Battle of Okinawa. He received the Army Distinguished Service Medals for each of these campaigns. Hodge was promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant general in June 1945.
Later career
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From 1945 to 1948, Hodge was the commanding general of United States Army Forces in Korea (USAFIK). He took his corps to Korea under orders of Douglas MacArthur, landing at Incheon on 9 September 1945. He was the commanding officer receiving the surrender of all Japanese forces in Korea south of the 38th parallel. Hodge refused to recognize the People's Republic of Korea and its People's Committees, and outlawed it on 12 December 1945.[4]
Hodge then returned to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, to command V US Corps from 1948 to 1950.[5] After the retirement of Lieutenant General Alvan C. Gillem, Hodge was named the commanding general of the US Third Army.
Hodge was promoted to general on 5 July 1952. His final assignment was as Chief of Army Field Forces from 8 May 1952 until he retired from military service on 30 June 1953.
General Hodge died in Washington, D.C., in 1963, at the age of 70.[5]
Decorations
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| US Army Air Forces Aircraft Observer Badge | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st Row | Army Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters |
Navy Distinguished Service Medal | ||||||||||||||
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| 2nd Row | Legion of Merit | Air Medal | Purple Heart | World War I Victory Medal with three battle clasps | ||||||||||||
| 3rd Row | Army of Occupation of Germany Medal | American Defense Service Medal | American Campaign Medal | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with four service stars and Arrowhead device | ||||||||||||
| 4th Row | World War II Victory Medal | Army of Occupation Medal | National Defense Service Medal | Philippine Liberation Medal with two stars | ||||||||||||
Dates of rank
edit| Insignia | Rank | Component | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
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Second lieutenant | Officers Reserve Corps | 15 August 1917 |
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Second lieutenant | Regular Army | 26 October 1917 |
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First lieutenant | Regular Army | 15 May 1918 |
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Captain | National Army | 12 October 1918 |
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Captain | Regular Army | 1 July 1920 |
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Major | Regular Army | 1 August 1935 |
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Lieutenant colonel | Regular Army | 18 August 1940 |
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Colonel | Army of the United States | 17 December 1941 |
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Brigadier general | Army of the United States | 23 June 1942 |
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Major general | Army of the United States | 28 April 1943 |
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Lieutenant general | Army of the United States | 6 June 1945 |
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Brigadier general | Regular Army | 1 March 1946 |
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Major general | Regular Army | 6 April 1947 |
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General | Army of the United States | 5 July 1952 |
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General | Regular Army, Retired | 30 June 1953 |
See also
edit- History of South Korea
- Military history of the United States
- Jang Il-soon, who opposed Hodge's appointment to lead the United States Army Military Government in Korea
References
edit- ^ a b c Taaffe 2013, p. 153.
- ^ Taaffe 2013, p. 44.
- ^ Taaffe 2013, pp. 153–154.
- ^ Buzo, Adrian (2002). The Making of Modern Korea. London: Routledge. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-415-23749-9.
- ^ a b Taaffe 2013, p. 335.
Bibliography
edit- Taaffe, Stephen R. (2013). Marshall and His Generals: U.S. Army Commanders in World War II. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1942-9. OCLC 840162019.
External links
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