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घटना

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Hindi

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Pronunciation

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  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɡʱəʈ.nɑː/, [ɡʱɐʈ.näː]

Etymology 1

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Learned borrowing from Sanskrit घटना (ghaṭanā). Compare to Bengali ঘটনা (ghôṭôna).

Noun

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घटना (ghaṭnāf (Urdu spelling گَھٹْنَا)

  1. event, occurrence
  2. incident
  3. accident
Declension
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Etymology 2

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Hindi verb set
घटना (ghaṭnā)
घटाना (ghaṭānā)
घटवाना (ghaṭvānā)

Inherited from Old Hindi घटना (ghaṭanā), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀤𑀺 (ghaṭṭadi), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀖𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*ghaṭṭati), perhaps derived from Sanskrit घट्ट् (ghaṭṭ, to rub; to speak ill of) in the "speak ill of" sense. Cognate with Maithili घटब (ghaṭab) / 𑒒𑒙𑒥 (ghaṭaba), Nepali घट्नु (ghaṭnu), Punjabi ਘਟਣਾ (ghaṭṇā) / گَھٹݨا (ghaṭṇā), Gojri گھٹنو (ghaṭno), Saraiki گَھٹَّݨ (ghaṭṭaṇ), Marwari घटणौ (ghaṭṇau) / 𑅘𑅞𑅢𑅒 (ghṭṇu), Sindhi گَهٽَڻُ / घटणु / 𑊾𑋆𑋌𑋣 (ghaṭaṇu), Gujarati ઘટવું (ghaṭvũ), Marathi घटणे (ghaṭṇe), Assamese ঘটা (ghota), ঘাটা (ghata).

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Though Turner lists the root of this family of words (*ghaṭṭ-²) as being separate from घट्ट् (ghaṭṭ, to rub, touch; to stir round; to have a bad effect or influence on; to hurt with words) in the "rub, touch" sense, there seems to be a strong semantic link between the two. It's not unfeasible to assume a semantic shift from "to rub, have a bad influence on" > ("to hurt with words" >) "to decrease, lose".”

Verb

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घटना (ghaṭnā) (intransitive, Urdu spelling گَھٹْنَا)

  1. to decrease, to decline, to dwindle
  2. to be lost, reduced, lowered
Conjugation
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Further reading

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Old Hindi

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Etymology

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Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ghaṭṭaï), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀖𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*ghaṭṭati). Cognate with Old Punjabi ਘਟਿ (ghaṭi /⁠ghaṭṭi⁠/).

Verb

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घटना (ghaṭanā)

  1. to be missing, be less
    • c. 1420, Kabīr, Kabīr Vāṇī 206.2:
      तुलह न तोली गजाह न मापी, पहजन सेर अढाई
      अढाई मौंहि जे पाव घटइ, तौ करकच करै बजहाई
      tulaha na tolī gajāha na māpī, pahajana sera aḍhāī
      aḍhāī ma͠uhi je pāva ghaṭai, tau karakaca karai bajahāī
      [the weaver] did not weigh [the fabric] on a scale, did not measure [the length] in gaz
      [it was] approximately two and half ser; if in two and half [ser] one quarter is missing, the remainder/fragment complains

Descendants

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  • Braj: घटन (ghaṭan)
  • Hindustani:
    Hindi: घटना (ghaṭnā)
    Urdu: گَھٹْنَا (ghaṭnā)

Further reading

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  • Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 530
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ghaṭṭati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 238

Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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Feminine form of घटन (ghaṭana, connection or union with).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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घटना (ghaṭanā) stemf (Classical Sanskrit)

  1. exertion, motion, acting, manner of acting
  2. striving after, being occupied or busy with
  3. taking effect, answering, accomplishment
  4. connection, union with
  5. (= °ट) a troop (of elephants)
  6. a literary composition
  7. a work consisting of
  8. happening, occurring, occurrence, event, incident, phenomenon

Declension

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Feminine ā-stem declension of घटना (ghaṭanā)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative घटना
ghaṭanā
घटने
ghaṭane
घटनाः
ghaṭanāḥ
Vocative घटने
ghaṭane
घटने
ghaṭane
घटनाः
ghaṭanāḥ
Accusative घटनाम्
ghaṭanām
घटने
ghaṭane
घटनाः
ghaṭanāḥ
Instrumental घटनया
ghaṭanayā
घटनाभ्याम्
ghaṭanābhyām
घटनाभिः
ghaṭanābhiḥ
Dative घटनायै
ghaṭanāyai
घटनाभ्याम्
ghaṭanābhyām
घटनाभ्यः
ghaṭanābhyaḥ
Ablative घटनायाः
ghaṭanāyāḥ
घटनाभ्याम्
ghaṭanābhyām
घटनाभ्यः
ghaṭanābhyaḥ
Genitive घटनायाः
ghaṭanāyāḥ
घटनयोः
ghaṭanayoḥ
घटनानाम्
ghaṭanānām
Locative घटनायाम्
ghaṭanāyām
घटनयोः
ghaṭanayoḥ
घटनासु
ghaṭanāsu

Descendants

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References

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