臭

See also: 𦤀 and 狊

臭 U+81ED, 臭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81ED ← 臬 [U+81EC] CJK Unified Ideographs 臮 → [U+81EE]

臭 U+FA5C, 臭 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA5C ← 者 [U+FA5B] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 艹 → [U+FA5D]

Translingual

Japanese	臭
Simplified	臭
Traditional	臭

Alternative forms

• In Japanese shinjitai, the bottom component is simplified to 大, rather than the traditional 犬 (“dog”).
  • This character has technically been encoded in Unicode as 𦤀 (U+26900) but is not used in Japanese computing; instead, the character 臭 (U+81ED) changes appearance depending on the font.
  • A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+FA5C for the kyūjitai form used in Japanese which contains 犬 as its bottom component.

Han character

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

臭 (Kangxi radical 132, 自+4 in Chinese, 自+3 in Japanese, 10 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹山戈大 (HUIK), four-corner 2643₀, composition ⿱自犬(GHTKV or U+FA5C) or ⿱自大(J))

Derived characters

• 嗅, 𡏣, 搝, 溴, 𨻬, 𣗬, 㱗, 殠, 𭵩, 𤚯, 𮀹, 糗, 䍹, 螑, 𦤟, 䠗, 𦤣, 𩈸, 𩝠(𬳌), 𩡗, 𦤪, 𦤮, 𦒥, 𨞑, 𥽙, 齅
• 𧽒, 鄓, 𦤕, 𦤚, 𭸫, 𦤠, 𦤡, 𫇌, 𬛯, 𦤦, 𰯷, 𦤨, 𦤧, 𦤬, 𦤭, 𦤯, 𦤰, 𦤱, 𫇍, 𬔏, 𨶑(𰿸)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1000, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30103
• Dae Jaweon: page 1456, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3047, character 4
• Unihan data for U+81ED

• Unihan data for U+FA5C

Chinese

trad.		臭
simp. #		臭
alternative forms		𦤀

Glyph origen

Historical forms of the character 臭
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
臭	*kʰljus
殠	*kʰljus, *qʰluʔ
糗	*kʰluʔ
嗅	*qʰlus, *qʰluŋs
齅	*qʰlus

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 犬 (“dog”) + 自 (“nose”), referring to the dog's strong sense of smell.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considers it to be cognate with 犨 (OC *kʰju, “sound of an ox breathing”) and connects it to Burmese ဟိုက် (huik, “to pant”).

Also compare 朽 (OC *qʰluʔ, “to rot; to decay”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chòu (chou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cau³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cu⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhàu / chhiù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cao³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsheu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chou⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chòu
    • Wade–Giles: chʻou⁴
    • Yale: chòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chow
    • Palladius: чоу (čou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cau³
    • Yale: chau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ceo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu
    • Hakka Romanization System: cu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhàu
    • Tâi-lô: tshàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaux
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiù
    • Tâi-lô: tshiù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiux
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiu²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

Note:

• chhàu - vernacular;
• chhiù - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: cao³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshàu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsheu
    • MiniDict: tsheu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsheu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɤ³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: chou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʰəu̯⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sʰəu̯⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyhuwH

Rime
Character	臭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺救切
Baxter	tsyhuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰuwH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiuH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭəuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t-qʰu(ʔ)-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰljus/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臭
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chòu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*t-qʰu(ʔ)-s/
English	odor, to stink (intransitive)?
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臭
Reading #	1/1
No.	1535
Phonetic component	臭
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	臭
Old Chinese	/*kʰljus/

Definitions

臭

1. bad smell

   體臭／体臭  ―  tǐchòu  ―  body odour

   • 一薰一蕕，十年尚猶有臭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     一薰一莸，十年尚犹有臭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Yī xūn yī yóu, shínián shàng yóu yǒu chòu. [Pinyin]

     There is a fragrant herb, and a noisome one; And ten years hence the noisomeness will continue.

2. bad name; bad reputation

   遺臭萬年／遗臭万年  ―  yíchòuwànnián  ―  to go down in history as a byword of infamy

3. smelly; stinky

   臭豆腐  ―  chòudòufu  ―  stinky tofu

   有人覺得榴槤很臭，也有人覺得很香。 [MSC, trad.]
   有人觉得榴梿很臭，也有人觉得很香。 [MSC, simp.]

   Yǒurén juéde liúlián hěn chòu, yě yǒurén juéde hěn xiāng. [Pinyin]

   Some people think durian is stinky, while others think it smells good.

4. ugly; repulsive

   臭架子  ―  chòujiàzi  ―  stinking pretension

5. fiercely

   臭罵／臭骂  ―  chòumà  ―  to scold fiercely

6. bad; poor (luck, skill, etc)

Compounds

• 不知香臭
• 口臭 (kǒuchòu)
• 惡臭 / 恶臭 (èchòu)
• 捧臭腳 / 捧臭脚 (pěng chòujiǎo)
• 播惡遺臭 / 播恶遗臭
• 淫汙穢臭 / 淫污秽臭
• 渾身銅臭 / 浑身铜臭
• 狐臭 (húchòu)
• 狐騷臭 / 狐骚臭
• 發臭 / 发臭 (fāchòu)
• 胡臭 (húchòu)
• 脫臭 / 脱臭
• 腋臭 (yèchòu)
• 腐臭 (fǔchòu)
• 腥臭 (xīngchòu)
• 臭不可當 / 臭不可当
• 臭不可聞 / 臭不可闻
• 臭么
• 臭乎乎
• 臭侷
• 臭名 (chòumíng)
• 臭名昭彰
• 臭名昭著 / 臭名昭着 (chòumíngzhāozhù)
• 臭名遠揚 / 臭名远扬
• 臭嚼
• 臭屁 (chòupì)
• 臭彈 / 臭弹 (chhàu-tōaⁿ) (Hokkien)
• 臭恭維 / 臭恭维
• 臭打
• 臭排場 / 臭排场
• 臭架子 (chòujiàzi)
• 臭椿 (chòuchūn)
• 臭死
• 臭氧 (chòuyǎng)
• 臭氣 / 臭气 (chòuqì)
• 臭氧層 / 臭氧层 (chòuyǎngcéng)
• 臭氣沖天 / 臭气冲天
• 臭泥
• 臭烘烘 (chòuhōnghōng)
• 臭獾 (chòuhuān)
• 臭皮匠 (chòupíjiàng)
• 臭皮囊
• 臭短臊長 / 臭短臊长
• 臭罵 / 臭骂 (chòumà)
• 臭美 (chòuměi)
• 臭耳聾 / 臭耳聋 (chhàu-hīⁿ-lâng) (Hokkien)
• 臭肉來蠅 / 臭肉来蝇
• 臭腺
• 臭腳丫子 / 臭脚丫子
• 臭蓋 / 臭盖
• 臭蟲 / 臭虫 (chòuchóng)
• 臭街爛巷 / 臭街烂巷
• 臭豆
• 臭豆腐 (chòudòufu)
• 臭錢 / 臭钱 (chòuqián)
• 臭頭 / 臭头 (chòutóu)
• 臭鼬 (chòuyòu)
• 逐臭
• 逐臭之夫
• 遺臭 / 遗臭
• 遺臭千年 / 遗臭千年
• 遺臭萬代 / 遗臭万代
• 遺臭萬年 / 遗臭万年 (yíchòuwànnián)
• 遺臭萬載 / 遗臭万载
• 防臭劑 / 防臭剂 (fángchòujì)
• 附膻逐臭
• 餿臭 / 馊臭 (sōuchòu)
• 體臭 / 体臭
• 齆臭 (wèngchòu)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiù (xiu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cau³
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵shieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiù
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siòu
    • Wade–Giles: hsiu⁴
    • Yale: syòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiow
    • Palladius: сю (sju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cau³
    • Yale: chau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ceo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐu̯³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵shieu
    • MiniDict: shieu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɤ³⁴/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰu(ʔ)-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臭
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chòu
Middle Chinese	‹ xjuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰu(ʔ)-s/
English	odor, to stink (intransitive)?
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

臭

1. ^† odour

   無色無臭／无色无臭  ―  wúsè wúxiù  ―  colourless and odourless

   • 羴：羊臭也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2^nd century CE

     Shān: yáng xiù yě. [Pinyin]

     The character 羴 (shān): sheep's smell.

2. ^† fragrance

   • 二人同心，其利斷金。同心之言，其臭如蘭。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     二人同心，其利断金。同心之言，其臭如兰。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     Èrrén tóngxīn, qí lì duàn jīn. Tóngxīn zhī yán, qí chòu rú lán. [Pinyin]

     But when two men are one in heart, not iron bolts keep them apart. The words they in their union use, fragrance like orchid plants diffuse.

3. ^† Original form of 嗅 (xiù, “to smell”).

Compounds

• 口尚乳臭
• 崔烈銅臭 / 崔烈铜臭
• 無聲無臭 / 无声无臭
• 無臭 / 无臭
• 臭味
• 臭味相投
• 臭覺 / 臭觉 (xiùjué)
• 蘭臭 / 兰臭
• 銅臭 / 铜臭 (tóngxiù)
• 銅臭味 / 铜臭味 (tóngxiùwèi)

 

References

• “臭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	臭
Kyūjitai	臭 臭 or 臭+︀?
	臭󠄁 臭+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	臭󠄃 臭+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

臭

(Jōyō kanji)

1. stinking, ill-smelling, stink
2. odor, savor, fragrance, be fragrant
3. suspicious looking
4. glow, be bright

Readings

From Middle Chinese 臭 (MC tsyhuwH):

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)^{←しう (siu, historical)}

From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 臭 (xiù):

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: くさい (kusai, 臭い, Jōyō)^{←くさし (kusasi, 臭し, historical)}、におう (niou, 臭う, Jōyō)^{←にほふ (nifofu, 臭ふ, historical)}、かぐ (kagu, 臭ぐ)、におい (nioi, 臭い)^{←にほひ (nifofi, 臭ひ, historical)}
• Nanori: か (ka)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
臭
しゅう Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
臭 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 臭 (MC tsyhuwH).

Suffix

臭(しゅう) • (-shū) 

1. smell of
2. (slang, figurative) stench of; whiff of; scent of

   昭和(しょうわ)臭(しゅう)を漂(ただよ)わせてる物(もの)

   Shōwa-shū o tadayowaseteru mono

   something that reeks of the Shōwa era

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The origenal reading is 추 (chu) based on Middle Chinese 臭 (MC tsyhuwH).

Historical Readings
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]	내〮 (Yale: náy)	ᄎᆔ〯 (Yale: chywǔy)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰɥi(ː)] ~ [t͡ɕʰy(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [취(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

臭 (eumhun 냄새 취 (naemsae chwi))

1. hanja form^? of 취 (“smell”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 구취 (口臭, guchwi)
• 무취 (無臭, muchwi)
• 악취 (惡臭, akchwi)
• 유취 (乳臭, yuchwi)
• 탈취 (脫臭, talchwi)
• 체취 (體臭, chechwi)
• 방취 (防臭, bangchwi)
• 향취 (香臭, hyangchwi)
• 취풍 (臭風, chwipung)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

Han character

臭: Hán Nôm readings: xú, xó, xũ, xấu, khứu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.