首都

Chinese

		head; chief; first (occasion) head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems	metropolis; capital city; all metropolis; capital city; all; both (if two things are involved); entirely; even; already
simp. and trad. (首都)		首	都

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shǒudū

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˇ ㄉㄨ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sau² dou¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): siu² u¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sú-tû
• Eastern Min (BUC): siū-dŭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siú-to͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siu² dou¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵seu-tu₁

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shǒudū
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ ㄉㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shǒudu
    • Wade–Giles: shou³-tu¹
    • Yale: shǒu-dū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shooudu
    • Palladius: шоуду (šoudu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sau² dou¹
    • Yale: sáu dōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sau² dou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: seo² dou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯³⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: siu² u¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu⁵⁵ u³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú-tû
    • Hakka Romanization System: su^ˋ du^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: su³ du¹
    • Sinological IPA: /su³¹ tu²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siū-dŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieu³³⁻²¹ ^(t-)lu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siú-to͘
    • Tâi-lô: siú-too
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siw'dof
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siu² dou¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siú tou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu⁵²⁻³⁵ tou³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵seu-tu₁
    • MiniDict: seu^去 tu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²seu-tu₁
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɤ³³ tu⁴⁴/

Noun

首都

1. capital; capital city (of a country) (Classifier: 個／个)

   非首都功能  ―  fēi shǒudū gōngnéng  ―  non-capital functions

   倫敦是英國的首都。 [MSC, trad.]
   伦敦是英国的首都。 [MSC, simp.]

   Lúndūn shì Yīngguó de shǒudū. [Pinyin]

   London is the capital of the UK.

Usage notes

When translating the English term capital city, 首都 (shǒudū) is used when referring to the capital of a country, 首府 (shǒufǔ) when referring to the capital of a state or autonomous region, and 省會／省会 (shěnghuì) when referring to the capital of a province. Alternative terms for the capital of a country include 國都／国都 (guódū), 京城 (jīngchéng), 京都 (jīngdū), 京邑 (jīngyì) and 都城 (dūchéng) all of which are more commonly used in literary language.

Synonyms

edit

• 上國 / 上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
• 京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
• 京師 / 京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
• 京華 / 京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
• 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
• 京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
• 國家 / 国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
• 國都 / 国都 (guódū)
• 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
• 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
• 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
• 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
• 神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
• 都城 (dūchéng)
• 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
• 都門 / 都门 (dūmén) (literary)
• 鎬京 / 镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
• 長安 / 长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)

 

Derived terms

• 澳大利亞首都特別行政區 / 澳大利亚首都特别行政区 (Àodàlìyà Shǒudū Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū)
• 澳大利亞首都領地 / 澳大利亚首都领地 (Àodàlìyà Shǒudū Lǐngdì)
• 澳洲首都特區 / 澳洲首都特区 (Àozhōu Shǒudū Tèqū)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (首都):

• → Japanese: 首都(しゅと) (shuto)
• → Korean: 수도(首都) (sudo)
• → Vietnamese: thủ đô (首都)

Others:

• → Zhuang: soujduh

See also

• 省會／省会 (shěnghuì)
• 首府 (shǒufǔ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
首	都
しゅ Grade: 2	と Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
首都 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しゅと [shúꜜtò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) しゅと [shùtóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ɕɨto̞]

• (Kyoto) しゅ​と [shúꜜtò] (Kōki)

Noun

首(しゅ)都(と) • (shuto) 

1. capital, capital city

   東京(とうきょう)は日本(にっぽん)の首都(しゅと)です。

   Tōkyō wa Nippon no shuto desu.

   Tokyo is the capital of Japan.

   京都(きょうと)はかつて日本(にっぽん)の首都(しゅと)でした。

   Kyōto wa katsute Nippon no shuto deshita.

   Kyoto was once Japan's capital.

Derived terms

• 首都圏(しゅとけん) (shutoken)

Korean

Hanja in this term
首	都

Noun

首都 • (sudo) (hangeul 수도)

1. hanja form^? of 수도 (“the capital of a country”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
首	都

Noun

首都

1. chữ Hán form of thủ đô (“capital, capital city”).