bruith

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish bruithid (“to boil, cook”), newly derived from the verbal noun Old Irish bruith (“boiling, cooking”) to replace Old Irish berbaid.

Pronunciation

• (Aran) IPA^(key): /ˈbˠɾˠɪfʲ/
• (Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /bˠɾˠʊ/

Verb

bruith (present analytic bruitheann, future analytic bruithfidh, verbal noun bruith, past participle bruite)

1. (transitive, intransitive, cooking) boil, cook by boiling

   Synonym: beirigh

2. (transitive, intransitive, cooking) bake

   Synonym: beirigh

3. (transitive, intransitive, cooking) burn

Conjugation

conjugation of bruith (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	bruithim	bruitheann tú; bruithir†	bruitheann sé, sí	bruithimid	bruitheann sibh	bruitheann siad; bruithid†	a bhruitheann; a bhruitheas / a mbruitheann*	bruitear
	past	bhruith mé; bhruitheas	bhruith tú; bhruithis	bhruith sé, sí	bhruitheamar; bhruith muid	bhruith sibh; bhruitheabhair	bhruith siad; bhruitheadar	a bhruith / ar bhruith*	bruitheadh
	past habitual	bhruithinn / mbruithinn‡‡	bhruiteá / mbruiteᇇ	bhruitheadh sé, sí / mbruitheadh sé, s퇇	bhruithimis; bhruitheadh muid / mbruithimis‡‡; mbruitheadh muid‡‡	bhruitheadh sibh / mbruitheadh sibh‡‡	bhruithidís; bhruitheadh siad / mbruithidís‡‡; mbruitheadh siad‡‡	a bhruitheadh / a mbruitheadh*	bhruití / mbruit퇇
future		bruithfidh mé; bruithfead	bruithfidh tú; bruithfir†	bruithfidh sé, sí	bruithfimid; bruithfidh muid	bruithfidh sibh	bruithfidh siad; bruithfid†	a bhruithfidh; a bhruithfeas / a mbruithfidh*	bruithfear
conditional		bhruithfinn / mbruithfinn‡‡	bhruithfeá / mbruithfeᇇ	bhruithfeadh sé, sí / mbruithfeadh sé, s퇇	bhruithfimis; bhruithfeadh muid / mbruithfimis‡‡; mbruithfeadh muid‡‡	bhruithfeadh sibh / mbruithfeadh sibh‡‡	bhruithfidís; bhruithfeadh siad / mbruithfidís‡‡; mbruithfeadh siad‡‡	a bhruithfeadh / a mbruithfeadh*	bhruithfí / mbruithf퇇
subjunctive	present	go mbruithe mé; go mbruithead†	go mbruithe tú; go mbruithir†	go mbruithe sé, sí	go mbruithimid; go mbruithe muid	go mbruithe sibh	go mbruithe siad; go mbruithid†	—	go mbruitear
	past	dá mbruithinn	dá mbruiteá	dá mbruitheadh sé, sí	dá mbruithimis; dá mbruitheadh muid	dá mbruitheadh sibh	dá mbruithidís; dá mbruitheadh siad	—	dá mbruití
imperative		bruithim	bruith	bruitheadh sé, sí	bruithimis	bruithigí; bruithidh†	bruithidís	—	bruitear
verbal noun		bruith
past participle		bruite

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

• bruthaire (“cooker”)
• suanbhruith (“simmer”, verb)

Noun

bruith f (genitive singular as substantive bruithe, genitive as verbal noun bruite)

1. verbal noun of bruith
2. boiling, cooking (by boiling)
3. baking
4. broiling, grilling
5. burning, scorching
6. (medicine) inflammation

Declension

As substantive

Declension of bruith (second declension, no plural)

bare forms case singular nominative bruith vocative a bhruith genitive bruithe dative bruith forms with the definite article case singular nominative an bhruith genitive na bruithe dative leis an mbruith don bhruith

As verbal noun

Declension of bruith (irregular, no plural)

bare forms case singular nominative bruith vocative a bhruith genitive bruite dative bruith forms with the definite article case singular nominative an bhruith genitive na bruite dative leis an mbruith don bhruith

Derived terms

• cáfraith

Mutation

Mutated forms of bruith

radical	lenition	eclipsis
bruith	bhruith	mbruith

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bruith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bruith”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “bruith”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025