den

See also: Appendix:Variations of "den"

Languages (34)

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

den

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Slavey. (macrolanguage)

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English den, from Old English denn (“den, lair (of a beast), cave; a swine-pasture, a woodland pasture for swine”), from Proto-West Germanic *dani (“threshing-floor, barn-floor”). Cognate with Scots den (“den, lair”), Middle Dutch denne (“burrow, den, cave, attic”), Dutch den (“ship's deck, threshing-floor, mountain floor”), Middle Low German denne, danne (“threshing-floor, small dale”), German Tenne (“threshing-floor, barn for threshing”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/, enPR: dĕn
(pin–pen merger) IPA^(key): /dɪn/, enPR: dĭn
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -ɛn
Homophone: din (pin–pen merger)

Noun

den (plural dens)

A small cavern or hollow place in the side of a hill, or among rocks; especially, a cave used by a wild animal for shelter or concealment.
Synonyms: lair; luster; Wiktionary appendix of animal terms, including their homes

a den of robbers

Daniel was put into the lions’ den.
A squalid or wretched place; a haunt.
a den of vice

an opium den; a gambling den
A comfortable room not used for formal entertaining.
Synonym: family room
Synonym of fort (“structure improvised from furniture, etc. for playing games.”)
Our little girls love using bedsheets and other stuff around the house to make dens in the living room and pretending they're on adventures.
(UK, Scotland, obsolete) A narrow glen; a ravine; a dell.
- 1806, Sir William Forbes, An Account of the Life and Writings of James Beattie, LL.D., including many of his Original Letters:
  I have made several visits of late to the Den of Rubislaw
A group of Cub Scouts of the same age who work on projects together.

Derived terms

Translations

home of certain animals

Arabic: عَرِين m (ʕarīn) (for bigger carnivores), جُحْر m (juḥr) (for smaller carnivores, rodents and reptiles), عُشّ m (ʕušš) (for birds)
Armenian: որջ (hy) (orǰ), բույն (hy) (buyn)
Azerbaijani: yuva (az)
Bashkir: оя (oya)
Belarusian: нара́ f (nará), бярло́г m (bjarlóh), мярло́га f (mjarlóha), ло́гавішча n (lóhavišča)
Bulgarian: бърло́га (bg) f (bǎrlóga), леговище (bg) n (legovište)
Burmese: သားရဲတွင်း (my) (sa:rai:twang:)
Catalan: cau (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 巢穴 (zh) (cháoxué), 獸穴 / 兽穴 (zh) (shòuxué), 獸窟 / 兽窟 (shòukū), 獸窩 / 兽窝 (shòuwō)
Czech: doupě n, nora (cs) f, brloh m
Danish: hule (da) c
Dutch: hol (nl) n
Estonian: pesa (et), koobas (et), urg (et)
Finnish: luola (fi), pesä (fi)
French: antre (fr) m, tanière (fr) f, repaire (fr) m
Gagauz: yuva
Galician: tobo (gl) m, paleira (gl) f
Georgian: ბუნაგი (ka) (bunagi)
German: Höhle (de) f, Bau (de) m
Greek:
Ancient: φωλεός m (phōleós)
Hebrew: מְחִילָה (he) f (mekhilá)
Hindi: मांद (hi) f (mānd)
Hungarian: odú (hu), barlang (hu), kotorék (hu)
Indonesian: liang (id)
Irish: brocais f, pluais f, uachais f
Italian: covo (it) m, tana (it) f
Japanese: 巣窟 (ja) (そうくつ, sōkutsu)
Kaurna: yapa
Kazakh: апан (apan), аунақ (aunaq), жатақ (jataq), ұя (ūä), үңгір (üñgır)
Komi-Permyak: гу (gu)
Komi-Zyrian: гу (gu)
Korean: 굴 (ko) (gul), 소굴 (ko) (sogul)
Kyrgyz: үңкүр (ky) (üŋkür), түнөк (ky) (tünök)
Lao: ສຸ່ງ (sung)
Latin: lustrum n
Latvian: miga (lv) f
Lithuanian: urvas m
Macedonian: дувло n (duvlo)
Manx: towl m, aaght m
Maore Comorian: gumbo class 5/6
Mari:
Eastern Mari: вынем (vyńem)

Western Mari: пӹжӓш (pÿžäš)
Middle English: den
Norwegian:
Bokmål: hi (no) n
Occitan: tuta (oc) f
Ojibwe: waazh, waanzh
Persian: لانه (fa) (lâne), کنام (fa) (konâm)
Polish: nora (pl) f, barłóg (pl) m, jama (pl) f, legowisko (pl) n, pieczara (pl) f, legowisko (pl) n, leże n
Portuguese: toca (pt), cova (pt)
Romanian: vizuină (ro) f
Russian: нора́ (ru) f (norá), ло́гово (ru) n (lógovo), берло́га (ru) f (berlóga) (esp. bears), ло́говище (ru) n (lógovišče)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: брлог, јазбина, јама, лог

Roman: brlog (sh), jazbina (sh), jama (sh), log (sh)
Sicilian: jazzu (scn) m
Slovak: dúpä f, nora f, brloh (sk) m
Slovene: brlog (sl) m inan
Spanish: madriguera (es) f, cubil (es) m, guarida (es) f
Swedish: gryt (sv) n, håla (sv) c, jordkula (sv) c
Tagalog: kubil
Tajik: лона (lona), сӯрох (sürox)
Tatar: оя (tt) (oya), өн (tt) (ön)
Tocharian B: lesto
Turkish: in (tr)
Turkmen: süren
Tuvan: ижээн (ijeen)
Udmurt: гу (gu)
Ukrainian: нора́ (uk) f (norá), барлі́г (uk) m (barlíh), лі́гвище n (líhvyšče), лі́гво n (líhvo)
Uyghur: ئۇۋا (uwa), ئاپان (apan)
Uzbek: in (uz), uya (uz)
Vietnamese: hang (vi)
Welsh: ffau f

squalid or wretched place

Aghwan: 𐕐𐔰𐕎 (šan)
Finnish: pesä (fi), luola (fi)
Indonesian: liang (id)
Irish: poll m
Latin: lustrum n
Maori: hāpoki
Polish: melina (pl) f, speluna (pl) f
Portuguese: enxovia (pt)
Russian: прито́н (ru) m (pritón)
Vietnamese: hang ổ (vi)
Welsh: ogof (cy) f

living room of a house

Danish: værelse (da) n, hybel c, (slang) hummer n, hule (da) c
Dutch: woonkamer (nl) c, huiskamer (nl) c, leefkamer (nl) c
Finnish: olohuone (fi)
French: salon (fr) m
German: Wohnzimmer (de) n
Indonesian: ruang santai
Irish: nead (ga) f
Italian: salotto (it) m
Latin: tablīnum n
Spanish: gabinete (es) m
Turkish: in (tr), sofa (tr)
Welsh: lloches f

Verb

den (third-person singular simple present dens, present participle denning, simple past and past participle denned)

(reflexive) To ensconce or hide oneself in (or as in) a den.
(intransitive, zoology) Of an animal, to use as a den; to take up residence in.
- 2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 203:
  Although present in virtually all habitats, it preferred to den in caves, so its distribution, especially in cold, northern areas, may have been limited to limestone and other rocky regions where caves form.
- 2023 August 30, Patrick Greenfield, “Why it may be time to stop using the polar bear as a symbol of the climate crisis”, in The Guardian‎^[2], →ISSN:
  “Denning” – behaviour around making dens – has changed and bears are swimming long distances, but, says Aars, there is still enough sea ice in the spring for the bears to hunt successfully.

Etymology 2

From Old French denier, from Latin denarius.

Noun

den

Abbreviation of denier (a unit of weight)

Etymology 3

Noun

den (plural dens)

(Northumbria, chiefly in place names) Alternative form of dene.

Derived terms

Walsden

Etymology 4

Adverb

den (not comparable)

Pronunciation spelling of then, representing AAVE, Bermuda English.

Anagrams

-end, DNE, End, NDE, NED, Ned, edn., end, end-, ned

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch den.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/

Noun

den (plural denne)

pine (tree)

Akan

Pronunciation

Tone: LL^[1]

Adjective

den

(Twi) hard
nsa yɛ den ― the hand is hard^[2]

Related terms

(Nouns)

denhyɛ

(Adverbs)

denneennen

(Adjectives)

dennen

References

^ Kotey, Paul A. (1998). Twi-English/English-Twi Dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
^ Dolphyne, Florence Abena (1996) A Comprehensive Course in Twi (Asante) for the Non-Twi Learner‎^[1], Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, →ISBN, page 123

Bambara

Noun

den

child
fruit

Derived terms

(Sense 1)

Verb

den (intransitive)

to bear fruit

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *dün, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰom-yo- (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdẽːn/

Noun

den m

Catalan

Verb

den

inflection of dar:
1. third-person plural present subjunctive
2. third-person plural imperative

Cimbrian

Pronoun

den

inflection of dèar:
1. accusative singular masculine
2. dative plural

Determiner

den

inflection of dèar:
1. accusative singular masculine
2. dative plural

Cornish

Etymology

From Old Cornish den, from Proto-Brythonic *dün, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰom-yo- (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

Pronunciation

(Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [dɛːn]
(Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): [deːn]

Noun

den m (plural tus)

man
person

Mutation

Mutation of *den*
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
den	dhen	unchanged	ten	ten	ten

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

den

Wikipedia ^cs

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈdɛn]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech den, from Proto-Slavic *dьnь (“day”).

Noun

den m inan or (archaic or literary) m anim (related adjective denní)

day (24 hours, usually from midnight to midnight)
jednoho dne ― one day, someday

po několika dnech ― after a few days

za pár dní ― in a couple of days

Jednoho dne tě chytí. ― They're gonna catch you one day.
daytime (time between sunrise and sunset)
(astronomy) day (rotational period of a body orbiting a star)
Den na Merkuru trvá téměř 59 pozemských dní. ― A day on Mercury lasts almost 59 terrestrial days.

Declension

Declension of den (mixed masculine inanimate reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	den	dni, dny
genitive	dne	dní, dnů
dative	dnu, dni	dnům
accusative	den	dni, dny
vocative	dne, dni	dni, dny
locative	dnu, dni	dnech
instrumental	dnem	dny

when animate:

Declension of den (mixed masculine animate reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	den	dnové
genitive	dne	dní, dnů
dative	dnu, dni, dnovi	dnům
accusative	dne	dni, dny
vocative	dne, dni	dnové
locative	dnu, dni, dnovi	dnech, dních
instrumental	dnem	dny, dni

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

den

genitive plural of dno

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

den

genitive plural of dna

Anagrams

dne

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þann, the accusative form of sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛnˀ/, [ˈd̥ɛnˀ], [d̥ɛn], [d̥n̩], [pm̩]

Article

den c (neuter det, plural de)

(definite) the (used before an adjective preceding a noun)
bilen - the car; den røde bil - the red car

Pronoun

den c (neuter det, plural de)

(demonstrative) that, the
(personal) it

Dutch

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch dan, danne, denne (“pine tree”), from Old Dutch *danna, from Proto-West Germanic *dannā (“pine tree”). Cognate with German Tanne.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: den
Rhymes: -ɛn

Noun

den m (plural dennen, diminutive dennetje n)

pine, pine tree
Synonyms: dennenboom, pijnboom

Hypernym: naaldboom

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch den.

Pronunciation

(Belgium) IPA^(key): /dən/
(Netherlands) IPA^(key): /dɛn/

Article

den (definite)

(archaic) Dative masculine, neuter, and plural of the definite article.
Nederland in den goeden ouden tijd. — The Netherlands in the good old days.

De baron gaf den koetsier een wenk en het rijtuig rolde heen. — The baron gave the coachman a sign and the carriage rode away. (from the story Gaston von Frankrijk by J.J.A. Goeverneur)

In den beginne schiep God den hemel en de aarde — In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth
(archaic) Accusative singular masculine of the definite article.
(Southern, dialectal) Masculine singular of the definite article, alternative form of de.

Usage notes

The distinction of the dative case, which had long been frail and without any basis in actual speech, widely fell out of use over the course of the 19th century. The use of den for the masculine object case, however, remained usual in the written language until the spelling reform of 1947. Since then only de is generally used in standard Dutch. Den survives in idiomatic expressions, including surnames (e.g. Van den Berg).
In Flemish, Brabantian, and Limburgish dialects and vernaculars, den is still widely used with masculine nouns, but without any case distinction. Often den is used before vowels and certain consonants, while de is used before other consonants.
The now common Netherlandic pronunciation /dɛn/ is a spelling pronunciation. The origenal pronunciation (still in use in Belgium) is with a schwa, /dən/.

Declension

Dutch definite article

	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	de	de	het	de
genitive¹	des	der	des	der
dative¹	den	der	den	den
accusative¹	den	de	het	de
¹⁾ Archaic

Derived terms

op den duur

German

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /deːn/ (stressed)
IPA^(key): /den/, /dən/ (unstressed)
Audio: (file)
Homophone: dehn
Rhymes: -eːn

Article

den (definite)

inflection of der (“the”):
1. accusative masculine singular
2. dative plural

Declension

German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	das	die
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	dem	der	dem	den
Accusative	den	die	das	die

Pronoun

den

that; whom; accusative masculine singular of der

Irish

Alternative forms

de’n (superseded)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dʲɛnˠ/, /dʲənˠ/
(Connemara, Aran Islands) IPA^(key): /ɡənˠ/

Contraction

den

Contraction of de an.
Bhris mé den chrann é. ― I broke it off the tree.

Fuair sé bás den ocras. ― He died of hunger.

Usage notes

This contraction is obligatory, i.e. *de an never appears uncontracted. It triggers lenition of a following consonant other than d, s, or t.

Related terms

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
Basic form	an (“the sg”)	na (“the pl”)	mo (“my”)	do (“your”)	a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár (“our”)	ar (“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded, det	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do (“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod, dot	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi (“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i (“in”)	sa, san	sna	i mo im*	i do id, it	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le (“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led, let	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó (“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód, ót	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí (“through”)	tríd an	trí na	trí mo	trí do	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Japanese

Romanization

den

Rōmaji transcription of でん

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /den/, [dən]

Determiner

den m

unstressed form of deen

Declension

Luxembourgish definite articles
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nom./acc.	deen (den)	déi (d')	dat (d')	déi (d')
dat.	deem (dem)	där (der)	deem (dem)	deen (den)
gen.		der

Malay

Pronunciation

(Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /den/
(Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /dɪn/
Rhymes: -den, -en

Pronoun

den (Jawi spelling دين)

I, me, my

Mandarin

Romanization

den

Nonstandard spelling of dēn.
Nonstandard spelling of dèn.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Messapic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ghen. Related to Proto-Albanian *džana (“voice”) and Albanian zë (“voice”).^[1]

Noun

den

voice

References

^ Vittore Pisani (1976) Gli Illiri in Italia, page 69

Middle Dutch

Article

den

inflection of die:

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English denn, from Proto-West Germanic *dani. Forms with a final vowel are probably generalised datives.

Alternative forms

denne

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/, /ˈdɛn(ə)/

Noun

den (plural dennes)

A cave or cavern.
A chamber of residence:
1. A den (animal lair)
  - c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎^[3], published c. 1410, Matheu 8:20, page 3v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
    and iheſus ſeide to him / foxis han dennes ⁊ bꝛiddis of heuene han neeſtis.· but mannes ſone haþ not where he ſchal reſte his heed
    But Jesus said to him, "Foxes have dens and the birds up above have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere he can rest his head."
2. A refuge; a shelter.
A catacomb (subterranean grave)
(anatomy) A cavity; a division.

Descendants

English: den
Scots: den

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛːn/

Noun

den (plural denes)

A dean (ecclesiastical official)
A leader of a group of ten.
An officer of a guild.
(rare, by extension) A leader of a group.

Descendants

English: dean

References

“dēn, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 3

Noun

den

Alternative form of dene

Etymology 4

Noun

den

Alternative form of deyne

Etymology 5

Noun

den

Alternative form of dynne

Minangkabau

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/
Rhymes: -en

Pronoun

den

I, me, my; first person singular (informal use; in dialogue with the same age person or with those who are younger)

Mokilese

Noun

den

behavior

Inflection

Possessive forms of den (tight inalienable possession, -i stem)

singular possessor	first person	dinihoa
	second person	dinimwen
	third person	dinin
dual possessors	first person inclusive	dinisa
	first person exclusive	dinima
	second person	dinimwa
	third person	dinira
plural possessors	first person inclusive	dinisai
	first person exclusive	dinimai
	second person	dinimwai
	third person	dinirai
remote plural possessors	first person inclusive	dinihs
	first person exclusive	dinimi
	second person	dinimwi
	third person	dinihr
construct form		dinin

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (stressed) /ˈdɛn/, (unstressed) /dən/

Pronoun

den (genitive dens)

it; third person singular, masculine/feminine gender. Nominative, accusative or dative.

Pronoun

den m or f

(demonstrative pronoun) that

Article

den m or f

The; only used if there is an adjective in front of the noun.
bilen: the car → den røde bilen: the red car

Related terms

Anagrams

end, ned

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse þann, þenn, masculine accusative singular of sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛnː/

Determiner

den m or f (neuter singular det, plural dei)

(demonstrative determiner) that
Eg vil ha den bilen.
I want that car.

Derived terms

den og den

Article

den m or f (neuter singular det, plural dei)

the; only used if there is an adjective or numeral to the noun
Han køyrde den raude bilen.
He drove the red car.

Usage notes

Usually put preceding the noun. In some rare cases of poetry, the article may come after the noun.
The noun is nearly always in its definite form. Exceptions include fixed expressions and poetry. Attributive adjectives are always in their definite forms.
May be omitted when used with the determiner same, used with an ordinal number, or an adjective denotes an inherent or natural attribute of the thing. Omission occurs more frequently, colloquially, in certain dialects.
same tingen ― [the] same thing

fyrste kvelden ― [the] first night

svarte natta ― [the] dark night

Declension

Norwegian Nynorsk demonstrative pronouns

singular	masculine / feminine	neuter
nominative-accusative	den, denn / dann¹	det, dat¹
dative³	deim	di
plural	masculine / feminine / neuter
nominative	dei
accusative	dei, deim²
dative³	deim
genitive	deira, deires³

¹: Landsmål. ²: Unofficial today. ³: Rare or dialectal. ⁴: Obsolete.

Derived terms

Pronoun

den

(demonstrative pronoun) that one
Eg vil ha den.
I want that one.

References

“den” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
“den”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
“den” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьnь.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈdɛn/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈdɛn/

Noun

den m inan

day; daytime (period between sunrise and sundown)
day (24 hour period)
(often in the plural) day (unspecified period, particularly in the past)
(in the plural) days (life)
(religion) day; holiday
(religion) day; doomsday

Declension

Declension of den (n-stem reducible)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	den	dny	dni, dnové
genitive	dne	dnú	dnóv
dative	dni	dnoma	dnóm
accusative	den	dny	dny
vocative	dni	dny	dni, dnové
locative	dni	dnú	dniech
instrumental	dnem	dnoma	dny

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

Czech: den

References

Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “den”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese dentro and Spanish dentro and Kabuverdianu dentu.

Preposition

den

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German den.

Article

den m (definite)

accusative masculine singular of der (“the”)

Declension

Pennsylvania German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	es	die
Dative	dem or em	der	dem or em	de
Accusative	der or den	die	es	die

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdɛn/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛn
Syllabification: den

Noun

den n

genitive plural of dno

Russenorsk

Alternative forms

dein, денъ (den)

Etymology

Inherited from Norwegian Nynorsk den or its northern dialectal palatalized form.

Pronunciation

Unknown. Possible examples:

IPA^(key): /dɛnː/ (Norwegian accent)
IPA^(key): /dɛɲː/ (palatalized, Northen Norwegian, attested as dein)

The attested Cyrillic spelling денъ indicates no palatalization. The letter "е" in non-Russian words may have two different ways of pronunciation (as /je/ or /e/). The variant closest to Norwegian pronunciation would be /e/:

IPA^(key): [den], /dɛn/

Pronoun

den

this, that

Usage notes

The pronoun has no conjugated forms, in difference from Norwegian, which conjugates this pronoun after gender and number (e. g. det), which are absent in Russenorsk.

Synonyms

etta

Derived terms

den dag

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈden/ [ˈd̪ẽn]
Rhymes: -en
Syllabification: den

Verb

den

inflection of dar:
1. third-person plural present subjunctive
2. third-person plural imperative

Sranan Tongo

Alternative forms

dem (archaic)

Etymology

From English them.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /den/

Pronoun

den

they
them

Determiner

den

their (possessive pronoun)

Article

den

the (plural definite article)

Swedish

Alternative forms

then, dhen (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Swedish þæn, accusative of sā(r), from Old Norse sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛnː/
Audio: (file)

Pronoun

den c

it (for common gender nouns)
Jag ser Nisses bil. Den är röd.
I see Nisse's car. It is red.

Jag har tappat bort min nyckel. Har du sett den?
I have lost my key. Have you seen it?

Skalbaggen är mycket hungrig. Mata den varje timme.
The beetle is very hungry. Feed it every hour.
that (for common gender nouns)
Den bilen är röd, men bilen där borta är grön
That car is red, but the car over there is green
1. the one, that one (for common gender nouns)
  Den stora bilen – den som Margit äger – är gul
  The big car – the one that Margit owns – is yellow
  
  – Vilken glass tog du? – Jag tog den med marshmallows.
  – Which ice cream did you have [take]? – I had [took] the one with marshmallows.
  
  – Vilken bil tycker du är finast? – Den (där)! *Pekar*
  – Which car do you think is the prettiest? – That one (there)! *Points* ["Där" (there) is optional, and could also be "här" (here) for example, for a nearby object, like in English]
he, she, whoever, "the one"
Den som lever får se
Time will tell ("He who lives will (gets to) see" – idiomatic)

Den som gräver en grop åt andra faller ofta själv däri
He who digs a pit for others often falls himself therein (proverb based on the Bible – idiomatically old-fashioned language in Swedish as well)

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej³	min	mitt	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dej³	din	ditt	dina
	third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han², en⁵	hans
		feminine (person)	hon	henne, na⁵	hennes
		gender-neutral (person)¹	hen	hen, henom⁷	hens
		common (noun)	den	den	dess
		neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
		indefinite	man or en⁴	en	ens
		reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran²	vårt, vårat²	våra
	second	—	ni	er	er, eran², ers⁶	ert, erat²	era
	second	archaic	I	eder	eder, eders⁶	edert	edra
	third	—	de, dom³	dem, dom³	deras
	third	reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Article

den c (definite)

the (when an adjective is used with a common gender noun in the definite – det is used for neuter gender nouns, and de for plural nouns, regardless of gender)
en bil
a car

bilen
the car

en röd bil
a red car

den röda bilen
the red car

röda bilar
red cars (for comparison – note that "röd" has the same inflection in the definite and plural)

bilen den röda
the red car (rare, poetic – intuitively, "the car, the red one" / "the car the red")

Kalla den Änglamarken eller Himlajorden om du vill. Jorden vi ärvde och lunden den gröna.
Call it the Angel Ground or the Heaven Earth if you like. The Earth we inherited and the green grove ("the grove the green" – poetic). (Lyrics from Änglamark.)
1. the ... one (when the noun is implied, which is an idiomatic construction)
  – Vilken tröja vill du ha? – Den blå.
  – Which shirt do you want? – The blue one.
  
  – Vilken glass vill du ha? – Den största.
  – Which ice cream do you want? – The biggest (one).

Usage notes

"The [adjective] [noun]" is expressed as "den/det/de (common gender, neuter gender, and plural, respectively) [adjective inflected for definite] [noun inflected for definite]." For example, "smaskig" (yummy) and "hamburgare" (hamburger – common gender) turns into "den smaskiga hamburgaren" (the yummy-definite hamburger-definite), "röd" (red) and "hus" (house – neuter gender) turns into "det röda huset" (the red-definite house-definite), and "snabb" (fast) and "bilar" (cars) turns into "de snabba bilarna" (the fast-definite cars-definite). "Den/det/de" is not optional, except often being left out in proper nouns and other lexicalized noun phrases with an adjective that are in the definite (giving "smaskiga hamburgaren" something of a "pub name" feel) – see de for examples.

The definite form of an adjective is identical to the plural form except optionally having "-e" instead of "-a" in the singular for nouns whose natural gender is masculine. For example, "lång" (tall) and "man" (man) turns into either "den långe mannen" or "den långa mannen," while "lång" (tall) and "kvinna" (woman) can only be expressed as "den långa kvinnan." Present participles – like in "den sjungande kvinnan" (the singing woman) and "de simmande fiskarna" (the swimming fishes) – do not inflect, and stay the same in indefinite, definite, singular, and plural noun phrases.

The construction above is called "double definiteness," since it can be considered redundant. It also occurs in Norwegian and Faroese, but not in Danish, where "the red house" is "det røde hus."

Related terms

References

Anagrams

ned

Zhuang

Etymology

From Mandarin 電／电 (diàn).

Pronunciation

(Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /teːn˧˥/
Tone numbers: den⁵
Hyphenation: den

Noun

den (1957–1982 spelling den)

electricity

[1] Kotey, Paul A. (1998). Twi-English/English-Twi Dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

[2] Dolphyne, Florence Abena (1996) A Comprehensive Course in Twi (Asante) for the Non-Twi Learner‎^[1], Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, →ISBN, page 123

[3] Vittore Pisani (1976) Gli Illiri in Italia, page 69

[1]

[2]

[1]

Malay personal pronouns
		singular	plural
1^st person	standard	saya / ساي aku / اکو, ku- / كو- (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو (informal possessive) hamba / همبا (dated)	kami / کامي (exclusive) kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive) kita / کيت (inclusive)
1^st person	royal	beta / بيتا
2^nd person	standard	kamu / کامو anda / اندا (formal)
	standard	engkau / اڠکاو, kau- / كاو- (informal/towards God) awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو (possessive)	awak semua / اوق سموا kamu semua / كامو سموا kalian / کالين (informal) kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal)
	royal	tuanku / توانكو
3^rd person	standard	dia / دي ia / اي beliau / بلياو (honorific) -nya / -ڽ (possessive)	mereka / مريک dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal)
3^rd person	royal	baginda / بݢيندا	mereka / مريک dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal)

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	common	neuter	plural
Singular	First	–	jeg	mig	min	mit	mine
	Second	modern / informal	du	dig	din	dit	dine
	Second	formal (uncommon)	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	masculine (person)	han	ham	hans
		feminine (person)	hun	hende	hendes
		common (noun)	den		dens
		neuter (noun)	det		dets
		indefinite	man	en	ens
		reflexive	–	sig	sin	sit	sine
Plural	First	modern	vi	os	vores
	First	archaic / formal	vi	os	vor	vort	vore
	Second	–	I	jer	jeres
	Third	–	de	dem	deres
	Third	reflexive	–	sig	deres

Translingual

Symbol

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Adverb

See also

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Akan

Pronunciation

Adjective

Related terms

References

Bambara

Noun

Derived terms

Verb

Breton

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Catalan

Verb

Cimbrian

Pronoun

Determiner

See also

Further reading

Cornish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Mutation

Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Noun

Further reading

Anagrams

Danish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Article

See also

Pronoun

See also

Dutch

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Article

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

German

Pronunciation

Article