jau

See also: Jaú

Bourguignon

Etymology

From Late Latin gallus.

Noun

jau m (plural jaus, feminine geleigne)

1. rooster

Related terms

• geleigne

Catalan

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -aw

Verb

jau

1. inflection of jaure:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. inflection of jeure:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Cubeo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xaˈu/

Noun

jau

1. bark, beat

   Yavimi jarayʉ jau aiyame.

   A brave dog barks.

See also

• cutuyʉ
• covióyʉ
• órejayʉ
• oyʉ
• turuyʉ
• upayʉ
• veveyʉ
• yávayʉ
• yʉriayʉ
• yavimi

References

• N. L. Morse; J. K. Salser; N. de Salser (1999), "jau", in Diccionario ilustrado bilingüe: cubeo-español, espanõl-cubeo, →ISBN
• N. L. Morse; M. B. Maxwell (1999), Cubeo Grammar: Studies in the languages of Colombia 5, Summer Institute of Linguistics, →ISBN

Gothic

Romanization

jau

1. Romanization of 𐌾𐌰𐌿

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *jau, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yów, from the stem *éy (“that; he”) (whence also Latvian it, q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian jaũ (“already”), Old Prussian iau (“ever”), Old Church Slavonic уже (uže), юже (juže), Russian уже́ (užé, “already”), Gothic 𐌾𐌿 (ju, “already”), Old High German ju (“already”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jàw]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

jau

1. used to indicate that an action or event has started, happened before the time of speaking; already

   saule jau aust ― the sun is already up

   viņš jau atnāca ― he has already arrived

   es šo grāmatu jau esmu lasījis ― I have already read this book

   viņi jau bija izbraukuši no pilsētas, kad tēvocis atkal ierunājās ― they had already left the city when (their) uncle spoke again

2. used to indicate that an action or event is happening before its due time, earlier than expected or planned; already

   plāns jānodod jau šodien ― the plan must be carried out already today

   jau rīt viņš aizceļos ― he will set off tomorrow already

   jau pēc stundas ― already in an hour (earlier than expected)

Particle

jau

1. used to reinforce the meaning of a word, phrase or sentence; really, indeed

   žēl jau bija, ka tā iznāca ― it is really a pity that it came out like that

   tas jau tāpat saprotams ― that is really self-evident

   tā jau ir ― it is indeed so

   tā jau viņš neteica ― that he didn't say

   labi jau tas nebija ― good that was not

   tā jau nu ir ― that is true... (said when reluctantly agreeing)

2. (usually with kā) used to reinforce what is affirmed in a sentence, to give it more credibility, more generality

   viņš bija naivs, kā jau bērns ― he was naive, like a child

   bija jautri, kā jau viesībās ― it was fun, like in a party

   gandrīz katru dienu līst, kā jau rudenī ― almost every day it rains, as if it were autumn

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jau. Cognate with Latvian jau and Polish już; outside of Balto-Slavic, compare Gothic 𐌾𐌿 (ju, “already”), Latin iam (“id”).

Adverb

jaũ

1. already

   Jau grįžo. - They have already returned.

Antonyms

• dar

North Frisian

Alternative forms

• jamens (collective, dated)
• jarnge (Mooring)
• juu (Sylt)

Determiner

jau (invariable)

1. (Föhr-Amrum) your, all of your (second-person plural possessive determiner)

Pronoun

jau (plural jauen)

1. (Föhr-Amrum) yours, all of yours (second-person plural possessive pronoun)

See also

Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced			attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi		man	min		minen
	2nd	dü	–	di		dan	din		dinen
	3rd m.	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin		sinen
	3rd f. / n.	hat	at, 't		at, 't
plural	1st	wi	'f	üs		üüs			üüsen
						üsens
	2nd	jam	'm	jam		jau			jauen
						jamens
	3rd	jo	's	jo	's	hör			hören
						hörens
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents. The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• jo

Etymology

From Old Norse jaur. Similar to Swedish jo (dialectal Swedish jau)

Adverb

jau

1. yes, in disagreement with the last speaker's negative statement; on the contrary

   Kjem du ikkje? – Jau, eg kjem.

   Aren’t you coming? Yes, I am.

2. (colloquial) yes or no; expressing doubt

Usage notes

Ja can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jau is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In the example, agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually is coming. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jau removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker.

References

• “jau” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʒaw/ [ˈʒaʊ̯]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʒaw/

Noun

jau m or f by sense (plural jaus)

1. Javanese (person from Java)

   Synonym: javanês

Further reading

• “jau”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Romansch

Alternative forms

• jeu (Sursilvan)
• jou (Sutsilvan)
• ia (Surmiran)
• eau (Puter)
• eu (Vallader)

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronoun

jau (Rumantsch Grischun)

1. I

Scanian

Pronoun

jau

1. I