mugio

See also: mugió

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *mug-, *mūg-, onomatopoeic form, reminiscent of cow's lowing. Cognates include Ancient Greek μῡκάομαι (mūkáomai, “to low, bellow”), Lithuanian mū̃kti (“to bellow”) and Russian мыча́ть (myčátʹ, “to moo”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈmuː.ɡi.oː/, [ˈmuːɡioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmu.d͡ʒi.o/, [ˈmuːd͡ʒio]

Verb

mūgiō (present infinitive mūgīre, perfect active mūgīvī or mūgiī, supine mūgītum); fourth conjugation, no passive

1. to moo, low, bellow
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 8.217-218:

     reddidit ūna boum vōcem vāstōque sub antrō
     mūgiit et Cācī spem custōdīta fefellit.

2. (of inanimate things) to roar, rumble, bray, groan

Conjugation

   Conjugation of mūgiō (fourth conjugation, active-only)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	mūgiō	mūgīs	mūgit	mūgīmus	mūgītis	mūgiunt
	imperfect	mūgiēbam	mūgiēbās	mūgiēbat	mūgiēbāmus	mūgiēbātis	mūgiēbant
	future	mūgiam	mūgiēs	mūgiet	mūgiēmus	mūgiētis	mūgient
	perfect	mūgīvī, mūgiī	mūgīvistī, mūgiistī	mūgīvit, mūgiit	mūgīvimus, mūgiimus	mūgīvistis, mūgiistis	mūgīvērunt, mūgīvēre, mūgiērunt, mūgiēre
	pluperfect	mūgīveram, mūgieram	mūgīverās, mūgierās	mūgīverat, mūgierat	mūgīverāmus, mūgierāmus	mūgīverātis, mūgierātis	mūgīverant, mūgierant
	future perfect	mūgīverō, mūgierō	mūgīveris, mūgieris	mūgīverit, mūgierit	mūgīverimus, mūgierimus	mūgīveritis, mūgieritis	mūgīverint, mūgierint
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	mūgiam	mūgiās	mūgiat	mūgiāmus	mūgiātis	mūgiant
	imperfect	mūgīrem	mūgīrēs	mūgīret	mūgīrēmus	mūgīrētis	mūgīrent
	perfect	mūgīverim, mūgierim	mūgīverīs, mūgierīs	mūgīverit, mūgierit	mūgīverīmus, mūgierīmus	mūgīverītis, mūgierītis	mūgīverint, mūgierint
	pluperfect	mūgīvissem, mūgiissem	mūgīvissēs, mūgiissēs	mūgīvisset, mūgiisset	mūgīvissēmus, mūgiissēmus	mūgīvissētis, mūgiissētis	mūgīvissent, mūgiissent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	mūgī	—	—	mūgīte	—
	future	—	mūgītō	mūgītō	—	mūgītōte	mūgiuntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		mūgīre	mūgīvisse, mūgiisse	mūgītūrum esse	—	—	—
participles		mūgiēns	—	mūgītūrus	—	—	—
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		mūgiendī	mūgiendō	mūgiendum	mūgiendō	mūgītum	mūgītū

Derived terms

• admūgiō
• immūgiō
• mūgīnor
• mūgītor
• mūgītus
• remūgiō

Descendants

• Aromanian: mudzescu, mudziri
• Catalan: mugir
• French: mugir
• Galician: muxir
• English: mugient
• Italian: muggire
• Old French: muire
• Portuguese: mugir
• Romanian: mugi, mugire
• Spanish: mugir

References

• “mugio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “mugio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• mugio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 392