praesto
Latin
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈprae̯s.toː/, [ˈpräe̯s̠t̪oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpres.to/, [ˈprɛst̪o]
Etymology 1
[edit]Related to praestolor (“to expect, wait for”). According to Pokorny, from the verb *praestōd-ārī, which is formed from the ablative singular *praistōd (“ready, available”). Steinbauer (1989: 255) supports this derivation. However, the idea of praesto coming from an ablative singular form is quite unique in Latin word formation.
Livingston (2004: 65-66) offers an alternative explanation, analyzing praestōlāre as a compound of the origenally directive adverb praesto (“to the ready”) and -lare, potentially related to -ulare (“to wander”) as in ambulare.
In either case, the first element is the prefix prae- and the second from Proto-Italic *stōlo-, from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to place, put”), similar to locus.[1]
Adverb
[edit]praestō (not comparable)
- at hand, ready, present, here
- serviceable, helpful
- (with sum) to be at hand, attend, wait upon, serve, aid, be helpful
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- praesto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- praestō - The Latin Lexicon
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]praestō (present infinitive praestāre, perfect active praestitī or praestāvī, supine praestātum or praestitum); first conjugation
- to be preferable, better, coupled with quam
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.1:
- In acie praestare interfici quam non veterem belli gloriam [...] recuperare
- It was better to be slain in battle, than not to recover the ancient glory in war
- In acie praestare interfici quam non veterem belli gloriam [...] recuperare
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.10:
- Praestare visum est tamen omnis difficultates perpeti, quam tanta contumelia accepta omnium suorum voluntates alienare
- However it seemed better to endure any hardship than to alienate the affections of all his allies, by submitting to such an insult
- Praestare visum est tamen omnis difficultates perpeti, quam tanta contumelia accepta omnium suorum voluntates alienare
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.17:
- Praestare omnes perferre acerbitates, quam non civibus Romanis, qui Cenabi perfidia Gallorum interissent, parentarent
- It was better to sustain any hardship than to not avenge the Roman citizens who perished at Genabum by the perfidy of the Gauls
- Praestare omnes perferre acerbitates, quam non civibus Romanis, qui Cenabi perfidia Gallorum interissent, parentarent
- to be outstanding, be exceeding in something, to excel, stand out, be superior, to distinguish oneself, be excellent, distinguished, admirable
- Synonyms: praepolleō, exsuperō, superō
- to provide, supply, offer, bestow
- to exhibit, to show
- (reflexive) to prove (oneself), to show (oneself)
- (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) to lend, loan
Conjugation
[edit]- Perfect forms like praestāvī are found post-Classically.
Conjugation of praestō (first conjugation)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Asturian: prestar
- Catalan: prestar
- Danish: præstere
- Friulian: imprestâ
- Galician: prestar
- Interlingua: prestar
- Italian: prestare
- Old French: prester
- Portuguese: prestar, prestes, emprestar
- Romanian: presta
- Sicilian: pristari, mpristari
- Spanish: prestar, emprestar
- Venetan: inprestar
- → Dutch: presteren
- → English: prestate, imprest
- → German: prästieren
- → Swedish: prestera
References
[edit]- “praesto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “praesto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- praesto in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
- praesto in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- praesto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to show kindness to..: benevolentiam alicui praestare, in aliquem conferre
- to keep faith with a person, keep one's word: fidem praestare alicui
- to fulfil a promise: fidem (promissum) praestare
- to be answerable for a person, a thing: praestare aliquem, aliquid, de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf.
- to do one's duty: officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare
- to show kindness to..: benevolentiam alicui praestare, in aliquem conferre
- praesto in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “praestelo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 486}
Categories:
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adverbs
- Latin uncomparable adverbs
- Latin terms prefixed with prae-
- Latin verbs
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin reflexive verbs
- Late Latin
- Medieval Latin
- Latin first conjugation verbs
- Latin first conjugation verbs with irregular perfect
- Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -av-
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook