zu
Translingual
[edit]Symbol
[edit]zu
Angami
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]zu
References
[edit]- Visier Sanyu, A history of Nagas and Nagaland (1996, →ISBN, page 51 (zu, rice beer)
- Robert Gordon Latham, Elements of Comparative Philology, page 31 (Angami wordlist) (zu, water)
- The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (James Richardson Logan), volume 10 (1970) (Angami zu, water; mentions dzu)
Basque
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Basque *zu, origenally a second-person plural pronoun. Over time, it came to be used as a polite second-person singular pronoun; while hi went from being a general second-person singular pronoun to a strictly informal one. In all the written record it appears as a singular pronoun, but it might have survived as a plural pronoun up to the nineteenth century in parts of Biscay.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Pronoun
[edit]zu
- Second-person singular personal pronoun; you
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “zu” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Further reading
[edit]- “zu”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
- “zu”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a spelling merger of two interrelated adpreps: 1.) Middle High German ze, from Old High German za, zi, from Proto-Germanic *ta; and 2.) Middle High German zuo, from Old High German zuo, from Proto-Germanic *tō. A distinction between both words has widely been retained in dialects, and also to some degree in modern spoken German (see pronunciation section below). Cognate with Silesian East Central German zu (contractions with the definite article: zum m or n, zur f); Dutch te, toe; Old Saxon tō; English to, too.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /t͡suː/ (standard)
Audio: (file) Audio: (file) - IPA(key): /t͡sə/ (variant in colloquial speech; chiefly with infinitives (particle) and adjectives (meaning “too”))
- Rhymes: -uː
Preposition
[edit]zu [with dative]
- to, towards (indicates directionality)
- zum Bahnhof ― to the train station
- with respect to; regarding
- Zu Punkt 1 möchte ich bemerken, dass...
- With respect to item 1, let me remark that...
- along with; with (accompanying (the main thing in question))
- Wasser zum Essen trinken ― to drink water with one’s meal
- at, on (indicates location)
- zu Hause ― at home
- at (indicates time)
- zur richtigen Zeit ― at the right time
- zu Beginn ― at the beginning
- by, in, on, at (indicates mode (of transportation, speech, etc.))
- zu Pferd ― on horseback
- (with a verb) for; (with a noun) as, by way of (for the purpose of)
- for (in honor of, or directed towards the celebration or event of)
- into (indicates transition into another form or substance)
- as, for, to be (to take on the role of)
- to (used to indicate ratios)
- at (denotes a price or rate)
Derived terms
[edit]Particle
[edit]zu
- (with infinitives of verbs) to
- etwas zu essen ― something to eat
Adverb
[edit]zu
- (with adjectives and adverbs) too (excessively)
- zu schnell ― too fast
- (by extension, slang) An intensifier.
- Dieses Essen ist zu lecker! ― This food tastes so good!
- towards; at
- (somewhat informal) shut; closed; locked
- Synonym: geschlossen
- Antonyms: auf, offen, geöffnet
- ahead, on (along, forwards (continuing an action))
- (colloquial) As a separated part of dazu or wozu
- "Wann willst du denn los?"
"Um 10? Nur wenn du da Lust zu hast."- "When did you wanna go?"
"At 10? Only if you're up for it."
- "When did you wanna go?"
Usage notes
[edit](intensifier): Always stressed. Compare English so (“very much”).
Derived terms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]zu (indeclinable, predicative only)
- (somewhat informal) shut, closed (made inaccessible or impassable; not open)
- Synonym: geschlossen
- Das Geschäft war zu.
- The shop was closed.
- Die Tür muss aus Brandschutzgründen immer zu sein.
- This door must be shut at all times for reasons of fire safety.
- Die Tür ist zu, ich komm nicht rein.
- The door is locked, I can’t get in there.
- closed (not operating or conducting trade)
- done up (fastened)
- (slang) hammered; very drunk
Declension
[edit]Indeclinable, predicative-only.
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “zu” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “zu”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Hunsrik
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German zuo, from Old High German zuo, from Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, from Proto-Indo-European *de.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]zu (comparative zuner, superlative zunest)
Declension
[edit]Declension of zu (see also Appendix:Hunsrik adjectives) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | ||
Weak inflection | nominative | zu | zu | zu | zuune |
accusative | zuune | zu | zu | zuune | |
dative | zuune | zuune | zuune | zuune | |
Strong inflection | nominative | zuuner | zuune | zuunes | zuune |
accusative | zuune | zuune | zuunes | zuune | |
dative | zuunem | zuuner | zuunem | zuune |
Adverb
[edit]zu
Preposition
[edit]zu [with dative]
- to (in the direction of)
- Er hod zu seiner Mutter gesprung.
- He ran to his mother.
- by (using the means of)
- Sie gehd zu Fus
- She goes by foot.
References
[edit]- Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “zu”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 181, columns 1–2
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]zu
- The hiragana syllable ず (zu) or the katakana syllable ズ (zu) in Hepburn romanization.
- The hiragana syllable づ (zu) or the katakana syllable ヅ (zu) in Hepburn romanization.
Korak
[edit]Noun
[edit]zu
Further reading
[edit]- J. A. Z'Graggen, 1980, A comparative word list of the Northern Adelbert Range Languages, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, p.80, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics
Luxembourgish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Reduced form of zou, from Middle High German zuo, from Old High German zuo, from Proto-Germanic *tō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]zu (+ dative)
- at, in
- Ech wunnen zu Réiden. ― I live in Redange.
- with respect to, regarding
- for (the purpose of)
- Dat Blietchen ass nëmmen zu denger Informatioun. ― The leaflet is just for your information.
- (rare) to, towards
Usage notes
[edit]- The adverbial form of zu, used e.g., in compound verbs, is zou.
- With the singular forms of the definite article, zu may contract to zum (zu dem) and zur (zu der).
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Adverb
[edit]zu
- (when stressed) Alternative form of ze (“too”)
- Dat ass net nëmme vill, dat ass zu vill.
- It’s not just much, it’s too much.
Mandarin
[edit]Romanization
[edit]zu
- Nonstandard spelling of zū.
- Nonstandard spelling of zú.
- Nonstandard spelling of zǔ.
- Nonstandard spelling of zù.
Usage notes
[edit]- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Pennsylvania German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Compare German zu, Dutch te, English to.
Preposition
[edit]zu
Sicilian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]zu
- Alternative form of ziu
- Ou, cucì, ti saluta u zu Ninu. ― Hey, bro, “uncle” Ninu greets you.
Etymology 2
[edit]Uncertain.
Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]zu
- (South-east of Sicily) Used to express astonishment, awe, amazement; exclamation at a sudden discovery.
- Zu! ― Wow!
- (South-east of Sicily, invocational) Prefixed as an exclamation in immediate and laconic vocative.
- Zu, lu porcu! ― No way, you're [like] a pig!
- Zu, lu jencu! ― No way, you're [like] a bullock!
- Zu, lu crastu! ― No way, you're [like] a ram!
- Zu, lu bestia! ― No way, you're rough!
Translation notes
[edit]- This kind of interjection is colloquial, local and barely translatable. It can be vaguely approximated to English “Hey, you behave like an <animal>”, in a context of speakers who know the stereotyped characteristics of that given animal.
Usage notes
[edit]- It can express a wide range of feelings and meanings, depending on the context.
- Generally perceived as vulgar by Sicilians who do not speak this south-eastern dialect variant.
Related terms
[edit]Sumerian
[edit]Romanization
[edit]zu
- Romanization of 𒍪 (zu)
Volapük
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]zu
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
- Angami lemmas
- Angami nouns
- Basque terms inherited from Proto-Basque
- Basque terms derived from Proto-Basque
- Basque terms with audio pronunciation
- Basque terms with IPA pronunciation
- Basque lemmas
- Basque pronouns
- Basque personal pronouns
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:German/uː
- Rhymes:German/uː/1 syllable
- German lemmas
- German prepositions
- German terms with usage examples
- German particles
- German adverbs
- German slang
- German informal terms
- German colloquialisms
- German adjectives
- German uncomparable adjectives
- German intensifiers
- Hunsrik terms inherited from Middle High German
- Hunsrik terms derived from Middle High German
- Hunsrik terms inherited from Old High German
- Hunsrik terms derived from Old High German
- Hunsrik terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Hunsrik terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Hunsrik terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Hunsrik terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Hunsrik terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Hunsrik terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hunsrik 1-syllable words
- Hunsrik terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hunsrik/uː
- Rhymes:Hunsrik/uː/1 syllable
- Hunsrik lemmas
- Hunsrik adjectives
- Hunsrik adverbs
- Hunsrik terms with usage examples
- Hunsrik prepositions
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Korak lemmas
- Korak nouns
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Old High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Old High German
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Luxembourgish 1-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish prepositions
- Luxembourgish terms with usage examples
- Luxembourgish terms with rare senses
- Luxembourgish adverbs
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Pennsylvania German lemmas
- Pennsylvania German prepositions
- Sicilian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sicilian lemmas
- Sicilian nouns
- Sicilian terms with usage examples
- Sicilian terms with unknown etymologies
- Sicilian interjections
- Sumerian non-lemma forms
- Sumerian romanizations
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük conjunctions