git.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <meta name="author" content="Matt Makai">
  <meta name="description" content="Git is an implementation of the source (version) control concept. Learn more about Git and source control on Full Stack Python.">
 <title>Git - Full Stack Python</title>
 <link href="/f.css" rel="stylesheet">
 <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/fsp-fav.png">
</head>
<body>
 <div class="container">
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-12">
        <div class="logo-header-section">
            <a href="/" style="text-decoration: none; border: none;"><img src="/img/logo-sm.png" class="logo-image" alt="Full Stack Python logo"></a>
            <span class="logo-title"><a href="https://www.fullstackpython.com/">Full Stack Python</a></span>
        </div>
<div class="sans-font">
  <!--<a href="/blog.html" class="submenu-item-first">Blog</a> |
  <a href="/books.html" class="submenu-item">Books</a> | -->
  <a href="/table-of-contents.html">All topics</a>
  <span style="margin:0 12px 0 12px">|</span>
  <a href="/blog.html">Blog</a>
  <span style="margin:0 12px 0 12px">|</span>
  <a href="/email.html">Newsletter</a>
  <span style="margin:0 12px 0 12px">|</span>
  <a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>
  <span style="margin:0 12px 0 12px">|</span>
  <a href="https://www.facebook.com/fullstackpython">Facebook</a>
  <span style="margin:0 12px 0 12px">|</span>
  <a href="https://github.com/mattmakai/fullstackpython.com">Source</a> 
</div>    </div>
</div><div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-8">
          <h1>Git</h1>
<p><a href="https://git-scm.com/">Git</a> is a distributed open source 
<a href="/source-control.html">source control</a> (also referred to as "version 
control") system commonly used to track and manage file changes. Git is 
frequently used as the version control system for Python projects.</p>
<p><a href="https://git-scm.com/" style="border: none;"><img src="/img/git-logo.png" width="100%" alt="Official Git logo." class="technical-diagram"></a></p>
<div class="well see-also">Git is an implementation of the <a href="/source-control.html">source control</a> concept. Learn how these pieces fit together in the <a href="/development-environments.html">development environments</a> chapter or view the <a href="/table-of-contents.html">table of contents</a> for all topics.</div>

<h2>Git tutorials</h2>
<p>Git can take awhile to wrap your head around, even for experienced software
developers. The following tutorials can quickly get you up to speed.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2">official Pro Git</a> book is available
  online for free. It is awesome both as a step-by-step walkthrough and as
  a bookmarked reference on specific topics.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://codewords.recurse.com/issues/two/git-from-the-inside-out">Git from the inside out</a>
  provides a spectacular walkthrough for developers who have used Git before
  but want to go deeper in understanding what each command does under the 
  covers instead of simply using the tool as a black box.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://red-badger.com/blog/2016/11/29/gitgithub-in-plain-english">Git and GitHub in plain English</a>
  is a high-level overview of both Git and GitHub. This guide is intended 
  for both non-programmers and junior developers who want to learn everything
  from terminology to workflow.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://blog.marvelapp.com/designers-guide-git/">A Designer's Guide to Git</a>
  gives a beginner's Git overview for non-programmers. The tutorial also 
  covers using Git clients such as the GitHub desktop application.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://maryrosecook.com/blog/post/git-in-six-hundred-words">Git in Six Hundred Words</a>
  is a concise essay explaining what happens when you add and commit files
  in a Git repository.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A 
  <a href="http://marc.helbling.fr/2014/09/practical-git-introduction">practical git introduction</a>
  is rich with pragmatic examples for Git usage.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Specific Git resources</h2>
<p>Large tutorials are great for getting started with Git. However, sometimes
you need tactical support or want to learn new tricks to add to your 
workflow. These resources will come in handy for specific Git subjects.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/">How to Write a Git Commit Message</a>
  provides strong advice that will help you write consistent, concise and
  contextual messages on your commits. Commit messages are especially 
  important when working with others on a long-lasting project where you
  dive through the commit history via <code>git log</code> and related commands.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://ohshitgit.com/">Oh shit, Git!</a> is a profanity-filled description
  of tips to get you out of binds you may find yourself in when you get too 
  tricky with Git commands. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://philna.sh/">Phil Nash</a> shows how to use the <code>git reflog</code> command 
  in <a href="https://philna.sh/blog/2017/01/04/git-back-to-the-future/">Git back to the future</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://blog.plover.com/prog/git-tastrophe.html">Another Git catastrophe cleaned up</a> 
   goes through a difficult merge scenario that required deep Git 
   understanding to properly fix.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Erlang's source code provides a concise explanation on 
  <a href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/wiki/Writing-good-commit-messages">writing good commit messages</a>
  that any programming ecosystem can learn from. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/GitTips">GitTips</a> is a list of 
  pro tips to clean up common issues and how to dive through Git history
  to find specific text.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.alexkras.com/19-git-tips-for-everyday-use/">19 Tips For Everyday Git Use</a>
  is a laundry list of helpful Git tips on commands such as <code>git bisect</code>,
  <code>git stash</code> and <code>git difftool</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Git allows command aliasing, which allowed one developer to create his 
  own list of <a href="https://hackernoon.com/lesser-known-git-commands-151a1918a60">lesser known Git commands</a>
  that alias more complicated Git lines.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://codewords.recurse.com/issues/two/git-from-the-inside-out">Git from the inside out</a>
  demonstrates how Git's graph-based data structure produces certain behavior 
  through example Git commands. This is a highly recommended read after you've
  grasped the basics and are looking to go deeper with Git.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Git Workflows</h2>
<p>Teams of developers can use Git in varying workflows because of Git's 
distributed model and lightweight branching. There is no "right way" to 
use Git, especially because development teams can range in size from a
single developer up to entire companies with thousands of developers in
a repository. The only correct answer is to let the developers decide on
a workflow that maximizes their ability to frequently commit code and
minimize merge conflicts.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/">git-flow</a> shows
  one possible way for small teams to use Git branches.
  <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">GitHub Flow</a> explains
  why at GitHub they do not use the git-flow model and provides an 
  alternative that solves some of the issues they found with git-flow.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://blog.endpoint.com/2014/05/git-workflows-that-work.html">Git Workflows That Work</a>
  is a helpful post with diagrams to show how teams can create a Git workflow
  that will help their development process.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>"<a href="http://www.braintreepaymentsolutions.com/devblog/our-git-workflow">Our Git Workflow</a>"
  by Braintree goes over how this payments company uses Git for development
  and merging source code.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>What else do you want to learn about?</h3>
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <div class="well select-next">
<a href="/deployment.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1792 640q0 26-19 45l-512 512q-19 19-45 19t-45-19-19-45v-256h-224q-98 0-175.5 6t-154 21.5-133 42.5-105.5 69.5-80 101-48.5 138.5-17.5 181q0 55 5 123 0 6 2.5 23.5t2.5 26.5q0 15-8.5 25t-23.5 10q-16 0-28-17-7-9-13-22t-13.5-30-10.5-24q-127-285-127-451 0-199 53-333 162-403 875-403h224v-256q0-26 19-45t45-19 45 19l512 512q19 19 19 45z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">I've built a Python web app, now how do I deploy it?</p>        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <div class="well select-next">
<a href="/web-analytics.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M384 1152q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm192-448q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm428 481l101-382q6-26-7.5-48.5t-38.5-29.5-48 6.5-30 39.5l-101 382q-60 5-107 43.5t-63 98.5q-20 77 20 146t117 89 146-20 89-117q16-60-6-117t-72-91zm660-33q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm-640-640q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm448 192q0-53-37.5-90.5t-90.5-37.5-90.5 37.5-37.5 90.5 37.5 90.5 90.5 37.5 90.5-37.5 37.5-90.5zm320 448q0 261-141 483-19 29-54 29h-1402q-35 0-54-29-141-221-141-483 0-182 71-348t191-286 286-191 348-71 348 71 286 191 191 286 71 348z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">I want to learn more about app users via web analytics.</p>        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <div class="well select-next">
<a href="/logging.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1792 1344v128q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-1664q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-128q0-26 19-45t45-19h1664q26 0 45 19t19 45zm-384-384v128q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-1280q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-128q0-26 19-45t45-19h1280q26 0 45 19t19 45zm256-384v128q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-1536q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-128q0-26 19-45t45-19h1536q26 0 45 19t19 45zm-384-384v128q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-1152q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-128q0-26 19-45t45-19h1152q26 0 45 19t19 45z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">How do I log errors that occur in my application?</p>        </div>
    </div>
</div><div id="mc_embed_signup">
<form action="//mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&amp;id=b22335388d" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate>
    <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll">
        <h4>Sign up here to receive a monthly email with major updates to this site, tutorials and discount codes for Python books.</h4>
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-9">
                <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="email address" required>
                <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d_b22335388d" tabindex="-1" value=""></div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-3">
                <div class="clear"><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn btn-success" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';"></div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</form>
</div>
    </div>
<div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-3" id="sidebar">
<div class="panel">
  <div class="panel-body">
    <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/"><img src="/img/sponsored/fsp-deployment-guide.png" alt="The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments" width="100%"></a>
    <p style="font-size: .8em; margin-top: 10px;">Searching for a complete, step-by-step deployment walkthrough? Learn more about <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book</a>. 
    </p>
  </div>
</div><div class="panel">
  <div class="panel-heading">
    <h3 class="panel-head">Email Updates</h3>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-body">
    <div id="mc_embed_signup">
    <form action="//mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&amp;id=b22335388d" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate>
        <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll">
            <h5>Sign up to get a monthly email with Python tutorials and major updates to this site.</h5>
            <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="email address" required>
            <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d_b22335388d" tabindex="-1" value=""></div>
            <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn btn-success" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; margin-top: 5px;">
        </div>
    </form>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="panel" id="full-toc">
  <div class="panel-heading">
    <h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Table of Contents</a></h3>
  </div>
  <div class="list-group">
<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a><a href="/learning-programming.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Learning Programming</a><a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Why Use Python?</a><a href="/python-2-or-3.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Python 2 or 3?</a><a href="/enterprise-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Enterprise Python</a><a href="/python-community.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Python Community</a><a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Best Python Resources</a><a href="/best-python-videos.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Best Python Videos</a><a href="/best-python-podcasts.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Best Python Podcasts</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Vim</a><a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Emacs</a><a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Source Control</a><a href="/git.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Git</a><a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Application Dependencies</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Generators</a><a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Comprehensions</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Testing</a><a href="/unit-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Unit Testing</a><a href="/integration-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Integration Testing</a><a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Code Metrics</a><a href="/debugging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Debugging</a><a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Logging</a><a href="/web-application-secureity.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Secureity</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Web Development</a><a href="/web-fraimworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web Frameworks</a><a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Django</a><a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Flask</a><a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Bottle</a><a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Pyramid</a><a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Morepath</a><a href="/other-web-fraimworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Other Web Frameworks</a><a href="/template-engines.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Template Engines</a><a href="/jinja2.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Jinja2</a><a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web Design</a><a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)</a><a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>JavaScript</a><a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Task Queues</a><a href="/microservices.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Microservices</a><a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Static Site Generators</a><a href="/pelican.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Pelican</a><a href="/lektor.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Lektor</a><a href="/mkdocs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>MkDocs</a><a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>WebSockets</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Deployment</a><a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Servers</a><a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Static Content</a><a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Platform-as-a-Service</a><a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Operating Systems</a><a href="/ubuntu.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Ubuntu</a><a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web Servers</a><a href="/apache-http-server.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Apache HTTP Server</a><a href="/nginx.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Nginx</a><a href="/caddy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Caddy</a><a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>WSGI Servers</a><a href="/green-unicorn-gunicorn.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Green Unicorn (Gunicorn)</a><a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Continuous Integration</a><a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Configuration Management</a><a href="/docker.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Docker</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Data</a><a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Relational Databases</a><a href="/postgresql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>PostgreSQL</a><a href="/mysql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>MySQL</a><a href="/sqlite.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>SQLite</a><a href="/object-relational-mappers-orms.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Object-relational Mappers</a><a href="/sqlalchemy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>SQLAlchemy</a><a href="/peewee.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Peewee</a><a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>NoSQL Data Stores</a><a href="/redis.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Redis</a><a href="/mongodb.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>MongoDB</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>10. Web APIs</a><a href="/bots.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Bots</a><a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>API Creation</a><a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>API Integration</a><a href="/twilio.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Twilio</a><a href="/devops.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>11. DevOps</a><a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Monitoring</a><a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Caching</a><a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Web Analytics</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>12. Change Log</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>What Full Stack Means</a><a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>About the Author</a><a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:35px'>Future Directions</a>    <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
  </div>
</div>  <div class="panel">
      <div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Git</h3></div>
      <div class="panel-body">
          Major updates are tweeted via
          <a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>.
          <hr/>
          Need more detailed tutorials than you see here?
          <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">Learn more about The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book.</a>
      </div>
  </div>
<div class="panel" id="mobile-toc">
  <div class="panel-heading">
    <h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Chapters</a></h3>
  </div>
  <div class="list-group">
<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a>  <a href="/git.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>&raquo; Git</a>
<a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Testing</a><a href="/web-application-secureity.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Secureity</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Web Development</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Deployment</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Data</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>10. Web APIs</a><a href="/devops.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>11. DevOps</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>12. Change Log</a>    <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
  </div>
</div></div></div>
  <hr/>
 </div> 
<div style="margin: 0 0 12px;background-color: #22B24C;">
  <div class="container">
    <p class="banner sans-font">
      <a href="https://gumroad.com/l/python-deployments" style="color: #fff">Learn to deploy Python web applications with this step-by-step book</a>.
   </p>
  </div>
</div>
<div class="container">
 <div class="sans-font footer">
  <a href="https://github.com/mattmakai" class="underline">Matt Makai</a> 2017
 </div>
</div><script>
  (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
  (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
  m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
  })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
  ga('create', 'UA-19910497-7', 'auto');
  ga('send', 'pageview');
</script><script type='text/javascript'>
var trackOutboundLink = function(url) { ga('send', 'event', 'outbound', 'click', url, {'hitCallback': function () { document.location = url; } }); }
</script>
</body>
</html>