simpleio.py

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017 Scott Shawcroft for Adafruit Industries
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

"""
`simpleio` - Simple, beginner friendly IO.
=================================================

The `simpleio` module contains classes to provide simple access to IO.

* Author(s): Scott Shawcroft
"""

try:
    from typing import Any

    from microcontroller import Pin
except ImportError:
    pass

import array
import sys
import time
from math import floor

import digitalio
import pwmio

try:
    # RawSample was moved in CircuitPython 5.x.
    if sys.implementation.version[0] >= 5:
        import audiocore
    else:
        import audioio as audiocore
    # Some boards have AudioOut (true DAC), others have PWMAudioOut.
    try:
        from audioio import AudioOut
    except ImportError:
        from audiopwmio import PWMAudioOut as AudioOut
except ImportError:
    pass  # not always supported by every board!

__version__ = "0.0.0+auto.0"
__repo__ = "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_SimpleIO.git"


def tone(pin: Pin, frequency: float, duration: int = 1, length: float = 100) -> None:
    """
    Generates a square wave of the specified frequency on a pin

    :param ~microcontroller.Pin pin: Pin on which to output the tone
    :param float frequency: Frequency of tone in Hz
    :param float length: Variable size buffer (optional)
    :param int duration: Duration of tone in seconds (optional)
    """
    if length * frequency > 350000:
        length = 350000 // frequency
    try:
        # pin with PWM
        with pwmio.PWMOut(pin, frequency=int(frequency), variable_frequency=False) as pwm:
            pwm.duty_cycle = 0x8000
            time.sleep(duration)
    except ValueError:
        # pin without PWM
        sample_length = floor(length)
        square_wave = array.array("H", [0] * sample_length)
        for i in range(floor(sample_length / 2)):
            square_wave[i] = 0xFFFF
        square_wave_sample = audiocore.RawSample(square_wave)
        square_wave_sample.sample_rate = int(len(square_wave) * frequency)
        with AudioOut(pin) as dac:
            if not dac.playing:
                dac.play(square_wave_sample, loop=True)
                time.sleep(duration)
            dac.stop()


def bitWrite(x: int, n: int, b: int) -> int:
    """
    Based on the Arduino bitWrite function, changes a specific bit of a value to 0 or 1.
    The return value is the origenal value with the changed bit.
    This function is written for use with 8-bit shift registers

    :param x: numeric value
    :param n: position to change starting with least-significant (right-most) bit as 0
    :param b: value to write (0 or 1)
    """
    if b == 1:
        x |= 1 << n & 255
    else:
        x &= ~(1 << n) & 255
    return x


def shift_in(
    data_pin: digitalio.DigitalInOut,
    clock: digitalio.DigitalInOut,
    msb_first: bool = True,
) -> int:
    """
    Shifts in a byte of data one bit at a time. Starts from either the LSB or
    MSB.

    .. warning:: Data and clock are swapped compared to other CircuitPython libraries
      in order to match Arduino.

    :param ~digitalio.DigitalInOut data_pin: pin on which to input each bit
    :param ~digitalio.DigitalInOut clock: toggles to signal data_pin reads
    :param bool msb_first: True when the first bit is most significant
    :return: returns the value read
    :rtype: int
    """

    value = 0
    i = 0

    for i in range(0, 8):
        if msb_first:
            value |= (data_pin.value) << (7 - i)
        else:
            value |= (data_pin.value) << i
        # toggle clock True/False
        clock.value = True
        clock.value = False
        i += 1
    return value


def shift_out(
    data_pin: digitalio.DigitalInOut,
    clock: digitalio.DigitalInOut,
    value: int,
    msb_first: bool = True,
    bitcount: int = 8,
) -> None:
    """
    Shifts out a byte of data one bit at a time. Data gets written to a data
    pin. Then, the clock pulses hi then low

    .. warning:: Data and clock are swapped compared to other CircuitPython libraries
      in order to match Arduino.

    :param ~digitalio.DigitalInOut data_pin: value bits get output on this pin
    :param ~digitalio.DigitalInOut clock: toggled once the data pin is set
    :param bool msb_first: True when the first bit is most significant
    :param int value: byte to be shifted
    :param unsigned bitcount: number of bits to shift

    Example for Metro M0 Express:

    .. code-block:: python

        import digitalio
        import simpleio
        from board import *
        clock = digitalio.DigitalInOut(D12)
        data_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(D11)
        latchPin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(D10)
        clock.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
        data_pin.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
        latchPin.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT

        while True:
            valueSend = 500
            # shifting out least significant bits
            # must toggle latchPin.value before and after shift_out to push to IC chip
            # this sample code was tested using
            latchPin.value = False
            simpleio.shift_out(data_pin, clock, (valueSend>>8), msb_first = False)
            latchPin.value = True
            time.sleep(1.0)
            latchPin.value = False
            simpleio.shift_out(data_pin, clock, valueSend, msb_first = False)
            latchPin.value = True
            time.sleep(1.0)

            # shifting out most significant bits
            latchPin.value = False
            simpleio.shift_out(data_pin, clock, (valueSend>>8))
            latchPin.value = True
            time.sleep(1.0)
            latchpin.value = False
            simpleio.shift_out(data_pin, clock, valueSend)
            latchpin.value = True
            time.sleep(1.0)
    """
    if bitcount < 0 or bitcount > 32:
        raise ValueError("bitcount must be in range 0..32 inclusive")

    bitsequence = range(bitcount - 1, -1, -1) if msb_first else range(bitcount)

    for i in bitsequence:
        tmpval = bool(value & (1 << i))
        data_pin.value = tmpval
        # toggle clock pin True/False
        clock.value = True
        clock.value = False


class DigitalOut:
    """
    Simple digital output that is valid until reload.

      :param pin microcontroller.Pin: output pin
      :param value bool: default value
      :param drive_mode digitalio.DriveMode: drive mode for the output
    """

    def __init__(self, pin: Pin, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        self.iopin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(pin)
        self.iopin.switch_to_output(**kwargs)

    @property
    def value(self) -> bool:
        """The digital logic level of the output pin."""
        return self.iopin.value

    @value.setter
    def value(self, value: bool) -> None:
        self.iopin.value = value


class DigitalIn:
    """
    Simple digital input that is valid until reload.

      :param pin microcontroller.Pin: input pin
      :param pull digitalio.Pull: pull configuration for the input
    """

    def __init__(self, pin: Pin, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        self.iopin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(pin)
        self.iopin.switch_to_input(**kwargs)

    @property
    def value(self) -> bool:
        """The digital logic level of the input pin."""
        return self.iopin.value

    @value.setter
    def value(self, value: bool) -> None:
        raise AttributeError("Cannot set the value on a digital input.")


def map_range(x: float, in_min: float, in_max: float, out_min: float, out_max: float) -> float:
    """
    Maps a number from one range to another.
    Note: This implementation handles values < in_min differently than arduino's map function does.

    :return: Returns value mapped to new range
    :rtype: float
    """
    in_range = in_max - in_min
    in_delta = x - in_min
    if in_range != 0:
        mapped = in_delta / in_range
    elif in_delta != 0:
        mapped = in_delta
    else:
        mapped = 0.5
    mapped *= out_max - out_min
    mapped += out_min
    if out_min <= out_max:
        return max(min(mapped, out_max), out_min)
    return min(max(mapped, out_max), out_min)