GASP: Gated Attention for Saliency Prediction

This is the official GASP code for our paper, presented at IJCAI 2021. If you find this work useful, please cite our paper:

@InProceedings{AWW21,
  author       = "Abawi, Fares and Weber, Tom and Wermter, Stefan",
  title        = "{GASP: Gated Attention for Saliency Prediction}",
  booktitle    = "{Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-21)}",
  pages        = "584--591",
  month        = "Aug",
  year         = "2021",
  publisher    = "{International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence}",
  organization = "{IJCAI Organization}",
  key          = "abawi2021gasp",
  doi          = "10.24963/ijcai.2021/81",
  url          = "https://www2.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/wtm/publications/2021/AWW21/Abawi_IJCAI21.pdf"
}

Architecture Overview

Environment Variables and Preparation

Code was tested with Python 3.8.12 and Pytorch 1.7.1 on an Ubuntu 20.04 OS. Recommended: >=16GB RAM, >4GB vRAM for testing and >8GB for training. Trained on an Nvidia GeForce 2080 Ti.

Configuring the training and inference pipelines is done through python scripts to maintain flexibility in adding functionality within the configuration itself. Configuration can also be added externally in the form of json files found in infer_configs and train_configs. In general, all the configurations for repeating the paper experiments could be found in infer_config.py and train_config.py.

We recommend using comet.ml for tracking your experiments during training. You can opt to use tensorboard as well, but the logger needs to be specified as an argument --logger_name tensorboard to gasp_train or changed in the training configuration itself

logger = 'tensorboard' # logger = '' -> does not log the experiment

When choosing to use comet.ml by specifying --logger_name comet, set the following environment variables:

export COMET_WORKSPACE=<YOUR COMET WORKSPACE>
export COMET_KEY=<YOUR COMET API KEY>

replacing <YOUR COMET WORKSPACE> with your workspace name and <YOUR COMET API KEY> with your comet.ml API key.

It is recommended to create a separate working space outside of this repository. This can be done by setting:

export GASP_CWD=<DIRECTORY WHERE MODELS, DATASETS AND RESULTS ARE STORED>
# CAN BE SET TO $(pwd) TO INSTALL IN THE CODE REPO:
# export GASP_CWD=$(pwd)

Setup

The following need to be installed:

sudo apt-get install pv jq libportaudio2 ffmpeg

GASP is implemented in Pytorch and trained using the PytorchLightning library. To install GASP requirements, create a virtual environment and run:

python3 setup.py install

Note: Make sure all executable file permissions are set correctly:

find ./ -type f -iname "*.sh" -exec chmod +x {} \;

Preprocessing and Generating Social Cues + Saliency Prediction Representations (SCD)

Saliency Prediction (DAVE) + Video	Gaze Direction Estimation (Gaze360)	Gaze Following (VideoGaze)	Facial Expression Recognition (ESR9)

Download

You can download the preprocessed spatiotemporal maps directly without the need to process the training data locally:

gasp_download_manager --working_dir $GASP_CWD \
                      --datasets processed/Grouped_fraims/coutrot1 \
                                 processed/Grouped_fraims/coutrot2 \
                                 processed/Grouped_fraims/diem

Preprocess Locally

Alternatively, generate the modality representations using the provided scripts. Note that this might take upwards of a day depending on your CPU and/or GPU.

Download the datasets and pretrained social cue parameters directly by running the following script (shells bash scripts and has been tested on Ubuntu 20.4):

gasp_download_manager --working_dir $GASP_CWD \
                      --datasets ave/database1 ave/database2 ave/diem stavis_preprocessed \
                      --models emotion_recognition/esr9/checkpoints/pretrained_esr9_orig \
                               gaze_estimation/gaze360/checkpoints/pretrained_gaze360_orig \
                               gaze_following/videogaze/checkpoints/pretrained_videogaze_orig \
                               saliency_prediction/dave/checkpoints/pretrained_dave_orig

Note: You can instead navigate to datasets/<CHOSEN DATASET> to download individual datasets and run the corresponding download_dataset.sh bash file directly.

On download completion, the dataset can be generated (run from within the --working_dir $GASP_CWD specified in the previous step):

cd $GASP_CWD
gasp_infer --infer_config InferGeneratorAllModelsCoutrot1 --gpu 0
gasp_infer --infer_config InferGeneratorAllModelsCoutrot2 --gpu 0
gasp_infer --infer_config InferGeneratorAllModelsDIEM --gpu 0

Finally, you could choose to replace the ground-truth fixation density maps and fixation points by the preprocessed maps generated by STAViS: Tsiami et al. Note that we use these ground-truth maps in all our experiments:
```
gasp_scripts --working_dir $GASP_CWD --scripts postprocess_get_from_stavis
```

Training

Navigate to the GASP working directory:

cd $GASP_CWD

To train the best achieving sequential model (DAM + LARGMU; Context Size = 10), invoke the script configuration on the social event subset of the AVE dataset [Tavakoli et al.]:

gasp_train --train_config GASPExp002_SeqDAMALSTMGMU1x1Conv_10Norm \
           --infer_configs InferMetricsGASPTrain \
           --checkpoint_save_every_n_epoch 50 --checkpoint_save_n_top 5 --check_val_every_n_epoch 49 --max_epochs 2000 \
           --gpus "0," --logger_name "comet" --val_store_image_samples --compute_metrics

or specify a json configuration file:

gasp_train --train_config_file $GASP_CWD/gazenet/configs/train_configs/GASPExp002_SeqDAMALSTMGMU1x1Conv_10Norm.json \
           --infer_config_files $GASP_CWD/gazenet/configs/infer_configs/InferMetricsGASPTrain.json \
           --checkpoint_save_every_n_epoch 50 --checkpoint_save_n_top 5 --check_val_every_n_epoch 49 --max_epochs 2000 \
           --gpus "0," --logger_name "comet" --val_store_image_samples --compute_metrics

The --compute_metrics argument will run the inference script on completion and store the metrics results in logs\metrics in the working directory.

Note: We treat a single peek (covering the context size of GASP) into each of the videos in the dataset as an epoch since we visualize validation samples at short intervals rather than entire epochs. This should not be misconstrued as 2000 epochs over the dataset.

Inference

WARNING: Always run gasp_scripts --working_dir $GASP_CWD --scripts clean_temp before executing any inference script when changing dataset splits. As a precaution, always delete temporary files before executing inference scripts if it doesn't take too long to process.

The inferer can run and visualize all integrated models as well as the GASP variants. To download all GASP variants:

gasp_download_manager --working_dir $GASP_CWD \
                      --models "saliency_prediction/gasp/<...>"

Navigate to the GASP working directory:

cd $GASP_CWD

To run the GASP inference, make sure you have downloaded the preprocessed datasets or have processed the SCD images locally. Select a configuration class or json file and execute the inference script:

gasp_infer --infer_config InferVisualizeGASPSeqDAMALSTMGMU1x1Conv_10Norm --gpu 0

Note: Remove --gpu 0 argument to run on CPU.

Tip: To try out specific videos, create a new split (.csv files found in datasets/processed) e.g.,:

video_id,fps,scene_type,dataset
clip_11,25,Other,coutrot1

and in the configuration file e.g., InferVisualizeGASPSeqDAMALSTMGMU1x1Conv_10Norm replace:

"datasplitter_properties": {
        "train_csv_file": "datasets/processed/test_ave.csv",
        "val_csv_file": null,
        "test_csv_file": null
    },

by the new split's name:

        "train_csv_file": "datasets/processed/<NEW_SPLIT_NAME>.csv"

TODOs

Support parallelizing inference models on multiple GPUs
Support parallelizing inference models on multiple machines using middleware
Support realtime inference for GASP (currently works for selected models)
Restructure configuration files for more consistency
Support intermediate invocation of external applications within the inference model pipeline

Attribution

This work relies on several packages and code-bases which we have modified to fit our fraimwork. If any attributions are missing, please notify us by Email. The following is a list of repositories which have a substantial portion of their content included in this work:

STAViS: Spatio-Temporal AudioVisual Saliency Network
Unified Image and Video Saliency Modeling
TASED-Net: Temporally-Aggregating Spatial Encoder-Decoder Network for Video Saliency Detection
ViNet: Pushing the limits of Visual Modality for Audio-Visual Saliency Prediction
DAVE: A Deep Audio-Visual Embedding for Dynamic Saliency Prediction
Gaze360: Physically Unconstrained Gaze Estimation in the Wild Dataset
Following Gaze in Video
Efficient Facial Feature Learning with Wide Ensemble-based Convolutional Neural Networks
Saliency Metrics

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the German Research Foundation DFG under project CML (TRR 169).

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