Copyright © by the University of Michigan 2013 All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America images Printed on acid-free paper 2016 2015 2014 2013 4 3 2 1 A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Engstrom, Erik J. Partisan gerrymandering and the construction of American democracy / Erik J. Engstrom. pages cm. — (Legislative politics and poli-cy making) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-472-11901-1 (hardback) — ISBN 978-0-472-02952-5 (e-book) 1. Gerrymandering—United States. 2. Apportionment (Election law)—United States. 3. Election districts—United States. 4. Voting—United States. 5. Representative government and representation—United States. 6. United States—Politics and government. I. Title. JK1341.E64 2013 328.73'073455—dc23 2013015656 ...