That an athlete of Valieva’s pedigree was able to travel to and compete in the Games before the results of a weeks-old sample had been analyzed and reported, however, undercut the efficacy of the I.T.A.’s claims that it is able to conduct “a systematic risk assessment on potentially participating athletes from all sports.”

Last month, the International Testing Agency, known as the I.T.A., uncovered numerous instances of drug samples being mishandled, as well as meddling by I.W.F. officials in its antidoping program.

The I.T.A. has banned Romania, Thailand, Egypt and Malaysia from competing in Tokyo because of doping violations.

Another European champion, Dmytro Chumak of Ukraine, who was considered a medal contender at the Tokyo Games, refused to provide a sample and tried to bribe an official from the I.T.A., which took over the testing of weight lifters from a Hungarian antidoping organization.

The I.T.A. will gain the power to test athletes everywhere on May 13, more than two months ahead of the Games.