This was an observational study, not a trial, so it cannot prove categorically that calcium or any other food product protects against cancer or makes it more likely.

For instance, an observational study of 28 million people in 195 countries and territories found that the more alcohol a person consumed, the higher their risk of cancer.

“I felt the camera becomes more observational and reflective with these shots. It puts the audience in her place and engages them in the world that she’s partaking in.”

The study has several limitations, with future work needed to improve reliability of inference from observational data from biobanks and to understand the limitations of genetic risk prediction.

However, such observational studies cannot directly conclude whether using vitamin D supplements can reduce the risk of developing the disease.