Many look for nectar on dandelion, rabbitbrush, Canada thistle, osier dogwood and chokecherry.

Flames seized the osier cages; billows of foul smoke rose skyward.

Particularly when it came to the business of weaving baskets from willow shoots known as osiers.

Today salmonberry and snowberry, cedars, Sitka spruce and red osier dogwood, even skunk cabbage create a densely vegetated red cedar swamp worthy of Sasquatch.

They’ve planted western red cedar and willows and watched as other native plants took root in the shade — red osier dogwood, salmonberry, ferns and vine maple.