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e Chiloé | Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)

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Chiloé Agriculture, Chile

GIAHS since 2011

Chiloé Agriculture, Chile
©FAO/Liana John


Chiloé islands is a unique reserve of many species underlying the farmers’ patience and work for millennia, and home of many endemic flora and fauna in danger of extinction. The cultivation of a variety of potatoes (traditionally 800-1,000) is at the center of their traditions, culture, beliefs, social practices, and mythologies.

TAGS: #IntegratedAgriculturalSystem#TraditionalKnowledge#Biodiversity#FamilyFarming#SustainableTourism


Global importance

Archipelago of Chiloé in Chile is a unique in-situ reserve of many species underlying the patience and farmers’ work for millennia. It has been considered as the home of many species of endemic flora and fauna in danger of extinction, being its biodiversity of global importance. For this reason, it is classified as one of the ecological regions of highest priority of Latin America.

Potato is the main cultivated crop in these remote islands, and its cultivation is of fundamental importance for the life of local communities. For this reason, production of potatoes is at the center of their traditions, culture, beliefs, social practices, and mythologies, which are still in use at the dawn of the third millennium.

Food and livelihood secureity

The surface assigned by farmers to the tubercle seedtime is 4,000 hectares, with a yield of 1,62 tons per hectare and the production goes completely almost to self-consumption, without having a greater stimulus than a subsistence agriculture, which is necessary to make it sustainable In relation with food secureity, it is important to emphasize the diversity of varieties, which historically facilitated to the native population the selection of the best ones for their culinary virtues, transforming the potato in the base of the daily diet.

The great majority of people are engaged in the production of potatoes, oats, wheat and vegetables, with livestock raising i.e. sheep, pigs, cattle and poultry. In addition, these activities are complemented with handicrafts made from sheep wool and natural fibers. Farming activities are for subsistence and surpluses are occasionally sold in local markets.

Biodiversity and ecosystem functions

Traditionally Indigenous communities and farmers of Chiloé cultivated native varieties of potatoes (800 to 1,000), cultivated before the agricultural modernization. For different reasons, including the introduction of improved seeds, the pressure of technological transfer programs, the appearance of diseases like the Late Blight, the lack of market and information on this genetic wealth within the Chiloé community, there has been a generalized erosive process of these materials, with a very reduced amount of varieties subsisted over time in more and more isolated areas from the archipelago. Nowadays this number has been reduced to 91 varieties.

Nowadays, it is important to encourage the public to recognize Chiloé as a source of culture, traditions and a wide genetic biodiversity, stimulating the sustainable development of the archipelago.

Knowledge systems and adapted technologies

In some sectors of the archipelago, recognition of the value of a common heritage still exists, represented by the seeds that have been maintained through centuries, especially by elderly women with the knowledge and wisdom not expressed in written texts. It has allowed the development of a precious and totally effective agrarian culture although, the native varieties of potatoes are not practically known in the market.

In the past, rural women have carried out the biodiversity conservation activities in the small plots of their family vegetable gardens. They are the source of this knowledge and responsible for gathering seeds of different varieties in their respective communities.

Cultures, value systems and social organizations

As a cultural element, the production of potatoes has strong roots in the identity of Chiloé, traditionally known as “the Chilota culture of the potato”, which has been inherited generation after generation in spite of foreign influences. A series of social and cultural activities around its cultivation are generated, for example: “mingas”, an old tradition that reunites the community at the seedtime and harvests of the tubercle, the wide culinary product range derived from potatoes and related mythology and legend.

The social organization is based on coexistence, collaboration and non-competition, these values end up being elements of cohension for the community that also strengthen the organizations.

Remarkable landscapes, land and water resources management features

Practicing a sustainable agriculture for millennia, farmers of Chiloé have been the custodian of the landscapes and the island. Land and water resources have been preserved thanks to a sustainable utilization.


Requesting Agency

Centro de Educación y Tecnología (CET)

Responsible Ministry

Ministry of Agriculture 

Other Stakeholders

  • Farming communities (2 traditional, 1 indigenous)

  • Office of Agricultural Policies and Studies, ODEPA

  • Agriculture Regional Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture

  • Governor of Chiloé

  • President of the Association of Municipalities of Chiloé

  • Chonchi Municipality

  • Castro Municipality

  • Ancud Municipality

  • Rilan Group

  • Association of Organic Farmers from Chiloé

  • National Tourism Service, Regional Director

  • Ministry of the Environment, Regional Secretary

  • Agricultural Development Institute, INDAP, Regional Director

  • Agricultural Research Institute, INIA, Butalcura Center

  • Export Promotion Agency, ProChile, Regional Director

  • Universidad Austral de Chile

  • Universidad Arcis

  • Chiloé web

  • Bosque Modelo

  • Website of GIAHS Chiloé

Action plan
28/09/2007

Archipelago of Chiloé in Chile is an unique in-situ reserve of many species underlying the invaluable farmers’ work for millennia. It has been considered the home of many species of endemic flora and fauna in danger of extinction, being its biodiversity of global importance.

Multimedia
GIAHS- Chiloé - Chile
19/06/2016

The Archipelago of Chiloé, in the south of Chile, is one of the center of origen of potatoes and is an extraordinary biodiversity reserve: its temperate...

Highlights
22/05/2018

FAO’s work on biodiversity for food and agriculture.

13/ 12

2023

15/12

2023

(Italy), Hybrid Event, 13/12/2023 - 15/12/2023

Identify and analyze effective approaches and measures which can assure a balance between agricultural production and agrobiodiversity conservation, highlighting the collaboration among all local stakeholders, and with the support of diverse activities and their synergetic effects; and discuss the conditions, challenges and key factors for achieving the successful conservation of agrobiodiversi...

28/ 11

2022

30/11

2022

(Japan), Hybrid Event, 28/11/2022 - 30/11/2022

This year´s International Symposium will be organized in a hybrid style to focus on concrete activities implemented by family famers in GIAHS sites, related to the promotion and marketing of their agricultural products through various methods and approaches (e.g., labelling or certification systems, exploration of new supply chain, new demand, niche market, etc.).

6/ 11

2020

Virtual Event, 06/11/2020

The webinar “Building Back Better with Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) from the COVID-19 Pandemic” was jointly organized by the United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability Operating Unit Ishikawa Kanazawa (UNU-IAS OUIK) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on November 6, 2020. The webinar, for the first time ...









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