Parkinson disease (PD) poses substantial management challenges owing to progressive disability and emergence of levodopa-resistant symptoms and treatment-related complications. This Review examines the current state of research into symptomatic and disease-modifying PD therapies and outlines future priorities for advancing our understanding and treatment of the disease.

This Review summarizes the evidence for the role of diet in cognitive health, and it explores the limitations of diet intervention trials, which have yet to robustly support observational findings. The authors discuss potential underlying mechanisms and offer strategies for future trials to enhance the understanding of the role of diet in dementia prevention.

Anti-amyloid treatments for early symptomatic Alzheimer disease have greatly increased the need for biomarker confirmation of amyloid pathology and blood biomarker tests offer an accessible and scalable biomarker test. This Consensus Statement provides recommendations for the minimum acceptable performance of blood biomarker tests for clinical use.

Alzheimer disease is a complex and multifactorial condition. The authors of this Perspective suggest that its lack of a singular common pathogenesis prevents it from being regarded as a straightforward ‘disease’ and that treatment will therefore require a multifaceted approach.

Nature Reviews Neurology is interviewing individuals who are driving efforts to address disparities in neurology through a broad spectrum of diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. We spoke with neuroimmunologist William L. Conte from the USA about his work to promote inclusive care for LGBTQ+ people with multiple sclerosis.

The FDA recently approved efgartigimod for the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy, providing an alternative to the immunoglobulin therapy that has been the standard treatment for years. The approval has the potential to improve access to treatment and outcomes, but many challenges remain in implementing trial findings into clinical practice.

Sex differences in Alzheimer disease could be influenced by differences in immune responses, new research suggests.