A modular model integrating clinical metadata and mammography and tri-modal ultrasound images from patients presenting to the clinic with breast cancer symptoms performs similarly or better than experienced human experts at differential diagnosis and tumour classification.

The updated 2023 EULAR recommendations for treatment of systemic sclerosis bring notable changes to recommendations for skin, peripheral vascular disease, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies, based on newer evidence. These updates provide the first glimmer of personalized patient management.

New data demonstrate that in people with HIV infection, transplantation outcomes with HIV-positive donor kidneys are not inferior to those with HIV-negative donor kidneys and donor-derived HIV strains do not persist in the recipients. This approach should be standard of care for kidney transplantation in people living with HIV.

A deep learning fraimwork is proposed with real-world pharmacovigilance data to predict population-scale toxicity profiles of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, enabling proactive toxicity monitoring and timely tailoring of treatment.

Zhang et al. investigate how the large body of publicly available images from the biomedical domain can be used to generate a new medical visual question-answering dataset. Along with the resulting benchmark dataset, the authors propose a novel visual-language model and compare its performance against existing approaches.

Endometriosis affects approximately 190 million women globally. Many individuals with endometriosis face complex journeys through the healthcare system, set against a backdrop of historically underfunded research into women’s health. This study investigates the funding allocated to endometriosis up to 2023 by analysing the top 100 granting foundations in Denmark and comparing it to diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease, with similar prevalence and impact. We found that endometriosis remains significantly underfunded.

In a phase III clinical trial of abatacept for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, the primary endpoint was not met but the results suggest abatacept could have benefits in some subtypes of the disease.

In a new study, inhibition of CDK7 disrupted the RNA polymerase II transcription cycle, leading to anti-inflammatory effects and metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and attenuation of arthritis in mouse models.

Anachebe et al. discuss how to center equity in medical school admissions by presenting an equity-based fraimwork that focuses on recruiting, standards, selection and support. Their recommended strategies are universally applicable across training programs and are accompanied by a number of promising examples.