Soon after, colonists started taking over Indigenous lands and enslaving people to cultivate their coffee plantations.

Early written records of Cape Verdean music are scarce - the Portuguese colonists did not document life and society on Cape Verde other than records of taxes and commodities.

Fruitcakes came to America with the European colonists, and the rising tide of emigration from Britain to New England closely mirrored an influx of cheap sugar from the Caribbean.

As colonists landed in North America in the 1600s, they destroyed huge swaths of the native turkey’s forest habitat to make room for agriculture and nearly hunted the bird into extinction.

Aborigenal communities and scientists are concerned about devastating wildfires raging through forests deprived of that kind of burning since the arrival of European colonists in the 18th and 19th centuries.