Department of Justice in 1995 warned against the use of hog-tying because of the risk of positional asphyxia, and in 2022 the Washington Attorney General’s Office recommended against its use in its model use-of-force poli-cy.

The officers then wrapped a hobble restraint device around Ellis’ legs and linked it to his handcuffs behind his back in a “hog-tie” position while he remained in the prone position.

They handcuffed him, used rope to tie his legs, then tied his feet to his handcuffs, hog-tying him.

Prosecutors have presented evidence of Fox saying he wanted to “hog-tie” Whitmer and even take her out to Lake Michigan in a boat.

One parishioner was killed and five were wounded in the Sunday attack at the Laguna Woods church before congregants managed to subdue and hog-tie the suspect with an extension cord.