From there, the brain simply continued to develop using this linear mode of thinking, as a kluge rather than a rationally designed machine.

As a result, Mr Bieber questioned the ability of Mr Jeffries to "rationally assist" with the possible factual and legal defences to the allegations he was facing, according to the document.

Many of these races have been so close for so long that they are rationally worried that it will fall the wrong way.

Prinzhorn suggested that audiences responded to Hitler’s rhetorical devices — volume, rhythm, modulation, repetition — emotionally rather than rationally, which rendered him impervious to attack by political opponents.

"Building on our results, we discovered how to rationally design the reaction conditions," explains Medina.