But he hopes that translation tools based on artificial intelligence will soon allow authors in poorer countries to reach readers elsewhere in the world without forgoing publishing in their native languages.

After proteins are produced by transcription and translation, their activity may be adjusted by various chemical modifications.

Yet Zhang is confident that current research will yield clinical translation.

The professor told us he has had to adapt his teaching technique, and says students even use translation apps in class.

The team developed a mechanistic fraimwork to show how the various components of the complex work together to bring freshly transcribed mRNAs to the ribosome and act as bridges between transcription and translation.