The concept of a Book of Remembrance is credited to Colonel Archer Fortescue Duguid, DSO, a Veteran of the First World War. The plan was accepted and minor alterations were made to the Memorial Chamber to accommodate the Book.

On 3 August 1927, the Prince of Wales returned to Canada to unveil the altar—a gift from the British Government—where the First World War Book of Remembrance would rest.

James Purves, from London, Ontario, was chosen to create the First World War Book of Remembrance. It was expected that the Book would take five years to complete at a cost of $35,000.

In 1948, it was decided that a Book of Remembrance would be created to commemorate the Canadians who lost their lives in the Second World War.

Allan Beddoe was again selected as the artist. After being chosen, Beddoe wrote:

"… I am most anxious to produce a work that will be a fitting tribute to those who died, but further still to create something that may be regarded as one of the great works of its kind in modern times. This demands art, and while I am fully attentive to the fact that this project is being paid for out of public funds and should therefore be kept within reasonable costs, I am nevertheless equally conscious of my responsibility as an artist to the people of Canada in that they will expect something exceptionally fine for the money spent."

The Newfoundland Book of Remembrance commemorates those Newfoundlanders who gave their lives during the First and Second World Wars—before Newfoundland joined Confederation on 1 April 1949. Those listed are from all three branches of the military—the Navy, Air Force and Army. The Book includes memorials of First World War campaigns such as Gallipoli and Beaumont-Hamel and Second World War campaigns, like North Africa, Italy, and Northwest Europe. It contains more than 2,300 names and was installed in the Memorial Chamber in 1973. A replica was also placed in the Confederation Building in St. John's.

The South African War / Nile Expedition Book of Remembrance commemorates Canadians who died during the South African War (1899—1902) and the Nile Expedition (1884—1885).

The Nile Expedition in 1884 was Canada’s first participation in a war overseas. Four hundred volunteers served in the expedition and sixteen were killed.

The South African War began on 11 October 1899. It was the first time large groups of Canadian troops served abroad. More than 7,000 Canadians volunteered to fight in the South African War.

Almost 300 names are listed in the South African War / Nile Expedition Book of Remembrance. The Book was dedicated and placed in the Memorial Chamber on 31 May 1962, on the 60^th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging, which ended the South African War.

The Korean War Book of Remembrance commemorates the Canadians who died during the Korean War (1950—1953).

On 25 June 1950, North Korean forces crossed the 38th Parallel into the Republic of Korea. This marked the beginning of three years of fighting throughout the Korean Peninsula. During the conflict, 516 Canadians were killed. Their names are inscribed in the Korean War Book of Remembrance, which includes a page decorated with the United Nations symbol surrounded by the Arms of the 17 countries which joined the United Nations Forces.

The Book was dedicated in the Memorial Chamber on 11 November 1962 by Governor-General, Major General Georges Vanier, DSO, MC, CD.

The Merchant Navy Book of Remembrance commemorates members of the Merchant Marine who gave their lives serving Canada at sea, during the First and Second World Wars. The Book also includes poetry, maps and ocean-related images.

During the First World War, merchant ships were targeted by enemy surface raiders to cut off supplies and personnel from reaching Europe. By April 1915, 54 Allied merchant ships had been sunk and by 1917, 1,220 were destroyed. There is no record of the number of merchant mariners who served on the high seas during the Great War, but it is known that more than 570 of them died.

In the Service of Canada Book of Remembrance lists the names more than 1,900 members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have died while serving Canada since 1 October 1947, excluding those who are commemorated in the Korean War Book of Remembrance. This includes those who died in conflict, peacetime training exercises, deployments abroad or other military duty.

The Book begins with the date of October 1, 1947, the day after eligibility for entry in the Second World War Book of Remembrance closed.

The In the Service of Canada Book of Remembrance was dedicated on 11 November 2005. As Volume I is almost full, a second volume was created which contains names from 2015 onward.

The War of 1812 Book of Remembrance commemorates over 1,600 individuals who were killed while serving Canada as a colony of Great Britain. The Book includes a section dedicated to Indigenous Peoples who played a pivotal role in this war.

The eighth Book of Remembrance was commissioned in 2012 to mark the 200^th anniversary of the signing of a peace treaty that ended the War of 1812. On 5 February 2019, the War of 1812 Book of Remembrance was officially unveiled in the Room of Remembrance of the Visitor Welcome Centre on Parliament Hill.