Eng-gí

Eng-gí
English
Hoat-im	[ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ]
Goân-chū kok-ka	Ò-chiu, Canada, Ài-ní-lân, New Zealand, Eng-kok, Bí-kok, Lâm-hui-kok, Hui-li̍p-pin, Sin-ka-pho téng-téng 100 kúi chiah kok-ka kap tē-khu
Sú-iōng tē-khu	chú-iàu tī Sai Au-chiu, Pak Au-chiu, Pak Bí-chiu kap Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu
bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá	360–400 pah-bān (2006)
Gí-hē	Ìn-Au gí-hē German gí-cho̍k Sai German gí-chi Pak-hái German-gí Anglo-Frisia gí-kûn Eng gí-kûn Eng-gí
Chá-kî hêng-sek	Kó͘ Eng-gí Tiong Eng-gí Chho͘-kî Hiān-tāi Eng-gí
Bûn-jī hē-thóng	Lô-má-jī
Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi
Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân	73 chiah kok-ka kap tē-khu; Europa Liân-bêng, Liân-ha̍p-kok kap chin chē ê kok-chè cho͘-chit
Gí-giân tāi-bé
ISO 639-1	en
ISO 639-2	eng
ISO 639-3	eng
iōng-chòe jîn-bîn bó-gí ê kok-ka   iōng-chòe koaⁿ-hong gí-giân ia̍h-sī chú-iàu ê hêng-chèng gí-giân ê kok-ka

Eng-gú (英語) ia̍h-sī Eng-gí, Eng-kiat-lī-gí (英吉利語), sī 1 chióng Se Tek-gí-hē ê gí-giân, i ê goân-thâu tī Eng-kok. Eng-gí ê bó-gí jîn-kháu chhiau-kòe 4-ek (2002 nî sò͘-kì). Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok kap āu--lâi Bí-kok tī kun-sū, keng-chè, kho-ha̍k, chèng-tī, bûn-hòa ê éng-hióng tì-sú Eng-gí chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài chú-iàu ê thong-hêng-gí chi it.

Kán-sú

Siông-sè chhiáⁿ khoàⁿ: Eng-gí ê le̍k-sú

Kóng Tek-gí-hē gí-giân ê Angle, Saxon, Jute téng-téng ê pō͘-lo̍k tī Se-goân 500 nî chó-iū khai-sí si̍t-bîn Britain-tó. In chi-phoè pún-té í-keng tī England tē-khu ê Celt-gí cho̍k-kûn. In ê hong-giân sī Eng-gí ê sian-chó͘, āu--lâi chheng-ho͘ sī Kó͘ Eng-gí (Old English). Kó· Eng-gí oan-nā siū Kó͘ Norse-gí (Old Norse) chit ê Tek-gí-hē hong-giân éng-hióng. Hiān-tāi ê hun-lūi jīn-ûi Kó͘ Eng-gí î-chhî kàu 1100 nî, Norman-lâng chhim-lio̍k Britain-tó liáu-āu bô joā kú. Beowulf sī Kó͘ Eng-gí ê tāi-piáu-chok.

Norman-lâng toà--lâi ê Kó͘ Hoat-gí (Old French) chhim-chhim éng-hióng Tiong Eng-gí (Middle English), iok-lio̍k tùi 1100 nî (Norman-lâng tī 1066 nî khai-sí thóng-tī) kàu 1500 nî (ìn-soat-ki hoat-bêng liáu-āu). Tiong Eng-gí sî-kî lâu--lo̍h-lâi siōng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê tù-chok sī Geoffrey Chaucer ê The Canterbury Tales. Chit toāⁿ sî-kî Eng-gí keng-koè Ūn-bó Toā Soá-ūi (Eng-gí: Great Vowel Shift) ê im-ta̍t piàn-chhian, liáu-āu chiâⁿ-chò Hiān-tāi Eng-gí (Modern English).

Hiān-tāi Eng-gí tùi William Shakespeare ê sî-tāi khai-sí hoat-tián. I ê gí-hoat, hoat-im chêng hit-chūn kàu taⁿ goân-chek-siōng bô kái-piàn, ke̍k-ke sû-lūi ū toā cheng-ka niā-niā. Ū-ê ha̍k-chiá khu-pia̍t chá-kî kap āu-kî (1800 nî) ê Hiān-tāi Eng-gí. 1800 nî liáu-āu, Tai-eng Tè-kok chiàm-niá sè-kài toā pō͘-hūn, siâng-sî ia̍h siū hia ê gí-giân éng-hióng.

Hun-lūi

Eng-gí sio̍k Ìn-Au gí-hē chi-hā ê Tek-gí-hē.

Eng-gí siōng chhin ê hiān-tāi chhin-chiâⁿ sī Scots kap Frysk. Koan-hē khah hn̄g--tām-po̍h-á ê gí-giân sī Kē-tē Saxon-gí (tī Hô-lân tang-pêng kap Tek-kok pak-pō͘). Kî-thaⁿ ū koan-hē ê gí-giân ū Hô-lân-gí, Afrikaans, Tek-gí, Pak Au ê gí-giân. In-ūi Eng-gí tùi Norman-lâng ê Hoat-gí khip-siu chē-chē sû-lūi, bat Eng-gí ê lâng mā ē-tit liáu-kái chin chē Hoat-gí ê sû; phèng-im, ì-sù mā sio-oá he̍k-chiá kāng-khoán.

Siaⁿ-im

Ūn-bó

Siaⁿ-bó ê IPA pió

IPA	SAMPA	Jī
[i(:)]	[i(:)]	bead
[ɪ]	[I]	bid
[e(ɪ)]	[e(I)]	bayed
[ɛ]	[E]	bed
[æ]	[{]	bad
[ɒ]	[Q]	bod 1
[ɔ(:)]	[O(:)]	pawed 2
[o(ʊ)]	[o(U)]	bode
[ʊ]	[U]	good
[u(:)]	[u(:)]	booed
[ʌ]	[V]	bud
[ɝ(:)]	[3(`)(:)]	bird 3
[aɪ]	[aI]	buy
[aʊ]	[aU]	bough
[ɔɪ]	[OI]	boy
[ə]	[@]	Rosa's 4
[ɨ]	[1]	roses 5

Siaⁿ-bó

	siang-tûn	tûn-khí	khí-kan	chi̍h-chiam	palato-alveolar	palatal	chi̍h-kin	âu
sat-im	p [p] b [b]			t [t] d [d]			k [k] g [g]
phīⁿ-im	m [m]			n [n]			ŋ [N] 1
flap				ɾ [4] 2
chhat-im		f [f] v [v]	θ [T] ð [D] 3	s [s] z [z]	ʃ [S] ʒ [Z]		x [x] 4	h [h]
sat-chhat-im					tʃ [tS] dʒ [dZ]
approximant	ʍ [W] 5 w [w]			ɹ [r\]		j [j]
lateral approximant				l [l]

Siong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ

• Aarts, Bas; Haegeman, Liliane (2006). "6. English Word classes and Phrases". Chū Aarts, Bas; McMahon, April. The Handbook of English Linguistics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.  (Eng-gí)
• Abercrombie, D.; Daniels, Peter T. (2006). "Spelling Reform Proposals: English". Chū Brown, Keith. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. pp. 72–75. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04878-1. ISBN 978-0-08-044299-0. Lay summary (6 February 2015).  (Eng-gí)
• Aitken, A. J.; McArthur, Tom, pian. (1979). Languages of Scotland. Occasional paper – Association for Scottish Literary Studies; no. 4. Edinburgh: Chambers. ISBN 978-0-550-20261-1.  (Eng-gí)
• Alcaraz Ariza, M. Á.; Navarro, F. (2006). "Medicine: Use of English". Chū Brown, Keith. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. pp. 752–759. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/02351-8. ISBN 978-0-08-044299-0. 6 February 2015 khòaⁿ--ê. Lay summary (6 February 2015). Pang-bô͘:Subscription or libraries (Eng-gí)
• Algeo, John (1999). "Chapter 2:Vocabulary". Chū Romaine, Suzanne. Cambridge History of the English Language. IV: 1776–1997. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–91. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521264778.003. ISBN 978-0-521-26477-8.  (Eng-gí)

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

• Re-Romanization of English

Wikipedia

Wikipedia ū Eng-gí ê pán-pún.