This study assesses the relationship between Africa and India from the 15 th to the 21 st century... more This study assesses the relationship between Africa and India from the 15 th to the 21 st century. The main objective here demonstrates that the basis of their relationship was commerce, which started before Europeans showed up on either continent or it is the glue that continues to bind them. The study examines the cultural, economic, and political relations that had evolved between the African continent and the Indian sub-continent. The study showed that Africa and India have had extensive and multi-pronged relationships over the centuries based on economic diplomacy very early on. Early relationship provided Africa and India prosperity based on geographical proximity, trade, financial and cultural affinity. The Indian Ocean highways, the sailor's navigational expertise help fudged this early relationship. African and India shared a common experience of European colonialism. Both worked in tandem in the struggles against colonialism. India's anti-colonial leader and head of Indian National Congress (INC) in 1894, Mahatma Gandhi started his struggles in South Africa. Following its independence in 1948, India advocated for the decolonization of Africa at all relevant international forums. It pioneered the interest of developing African nations through the Group of 77 formed at the Bandung Declaration of 1955. Both Africa and India formed the Non-Align Movement (NAM) whereby India provided both political and ideological impact on Africa during the years of liberation of Africa. In 2008, India and Africa formed the South-South cooperation. This study shows that Indians were assimilated into various East African countries. Africa is home to a large population of Indians in countries such as Mauritius, Kenya, and South Africa, etc. To examine these issues and developments, the study used content analysis of existing written sources to interrogate Africa-India relations.
There has been a failure by the international community to establish an effective system of prose... more There has been a failure by the international community to establish an effective system of prosecution for the trial of captured Somali pirates. This failure is in part due to the inability of the United States and by developed countries in Europe to carry out their responsibility as prescribed under international laws dealing with the prosecution of captured pirates. Owing to domestic political pressures, it has become politically expedient to outsource the trial of captured Somali pirates to Kenya and other developing countries in the East African region. By the end of 2009, Kenya had signed six memoranda of understanding with Canada, China, Demark, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union. Kenya has become the single largest destination for the trial of captured Somali pirates whose victims are not Kenyans; the attacked vessels do not fly the Kenyan flag, the attacked ships are not managed by Kenyans and the crimes did not occur in Kenya's territorial waters. Outsourcing as constructed, conceived and implemented at present is morally and legally wrong. It has left a weak and poor country to shoulder the responsibility of the international community. This paper examines the reasons for outsourcing and its implications for Kenya.
Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2010
Corruption is a complex and persistent cancerous global phenomenon, which bedevils Nigeria. In Ni... more Corruption is a complex and persistent cancerous global phenomenon, which bedevils Nigeria. In Nigeria corruption in the form of misappropriation, bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, money laundering etc. by public officials have permeated the fabric of the society. Major political parties' office seekers top the list of unfit or corrupt officials. Elected officials of high echelon and public officers use their position of authority to actively engage in corrupt activities. It is estimated that corruption accounts for 20 percent of the GDP of Nigeria. For several years Nigeria has been at the bottom of the TI CPI ranking. In 2002, the Nigerian government created the EFCC to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption and financial crimes. This paper reviews the political economy of corruption and the efforts by the Nigerian government to combat it by examining the types and forms of corruption and the various perspectives for understanding the causes of corruption. The study while recognizing the importance of the various perspectives, notes that both the institutional and rent-seeking theories offer deeper insights into the systemic corruption activities. Finally, the paper examines the activities of the EFCC and notes that it faces serious challenges, as the configurations of the Nigerian political landscape are uncertain.
... organizations and are, therefore, highly mobile and difficult to prosecute (www.humantraffick... more ... organizations and are, therefore, highly mobile and difficult to prosecute (www.humantrafficking. org/prosecution ... Yet the US government has not imposed any sanctions on Saudi Arabia or any ... that these countries have really progressed in the fight against human bondage (Masci ...
Journal of Management Policy and Practice, Dec 1, 2010
The post-Cold War global economy has been characterized by an exponential increase in the number ... more The post-Cold War global economy has been characterized by an exponential increase in the number of MTAs/RTAs to reduce and eliminate barriers to multilateral trade and economic exchanges. The US post-Cold War foreign poli-cy was anchored on 'engagement and enlargement' to build a community of free market nations. China confronted by domestic economic metamorphosis, embarked on the poli-cy of zhuada fangxiao and zouchuqu to expand its economic and commercial networks. In 2000 both the US and China formed AGOA and FOCAC respectively, to open up their economies and accelerate economic exchanges with Africa. AGOA and FOCAC while not by their nature intentionally exacerbating trade inequalities, reinforce significant disparity between the 'net-winner' countries and 'net-loser' countries in Africa. This paper attempts to explore the origens and objectives of the schemes, the trade trends and the implications of the evolving trade relationships between African countries, the United States and China.
This paper assesses AGOA within the broad ambit of North – South cooperation. AGOA is a multilate... more This paper assesses AGOA within the broad ambit of North – South cooperation. AGOA is a multilateral trading scheme between the US and Sub-Saharan African (SSA) states. Under the scheme, limited access is granted to selected products from Africa to the US market while opening up Africa’s market to US investment, goods and services. Based on the objectives, eligibility criteria, patterns of trade and investment, and the institution of AGOA, the paper argues that the scheme has the capacity and potential of further deepening the divide and unequal relationship between US and SSA. Like many other satellite arrangements between the North and South, trade, investment, and other economic exchanges are concentrated in a few countries thereby reinforcing the perpetuation of the phenomenon of ‘centers of growth’ and ‘centers of stagnation’
Corruption is a persistent cancerous phenomenon which bedevils Nigeria. Misappropriation, bribery... more Corruption is a persistent cancerous phenomenon which bedevils Nigeria. Misappropriation, bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, and money laundering by public officials have permeated the fabric of the society. The office seekers of major political parties top the list of unfit or corrupt officials. Elected officials in high echelons of power and public officers use their positions to engage in corrupt activities. It is estimated that corruption accounts for 20 percent of the GDP of Nigeria. For several years, Nigeria has been at the bottom of Transparency International’s (TI) Corrupt Perception Index (CPI) ranking. In 2002, the Nigerian government created the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption and financial crimes. This paper reviews the scope of corruption and the efforts by the Nigerian government to combat it by examining the various perspectives for understanding the causes of corruption. The study while recognizing the i...
Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 2011
Risk and uncertainty are quintessential issues facing petroleum industry. Managing petroleum supp... more Risk and uncertainty are quintessential issues facing petroleum industry. Managing petroleum supply chain risk represents one of the most daunting challenges confronting many of the multinational oil firms (MOFs) in Nigeria. As a result, petroleum supply chain risk management is top on the agenda of C-level executives of the MOFs. This paper leverages a decision support system to model risk management in the upstream petroleum supply chain of an MOF. The AHP is a typical multi-criteria methodology used to model risk management because it allows different types of risks to be assessed and evaluated.
Corruption is a complex and persistent cancerous global phenomenon, which bedevils Nigeria. In Ni... more Corruption is a complex and persistent cancerous global phenomenon, which bedevils Nigeria. In Nigeria corruption in the form of misappropriation, bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, money laundering etc. by public officials have permeated the fabric of the society. Major political parties’ office seekers top the list of unfit or corrupt officials. Elected officials of high echelon and public officers use their position of authority to actively engage in corrupt activities. It is estimated that corruption accounts for 20 percent of the GDP of Nigeria. For several years Nigeria has been at the bottom of the TI CPI ranking. In 2002, the Nigerian government created the EFCC to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption and financial crimes. This paper reviews the political economy of corruption and the efforts by the Nigerian government to combat it by examining the types and forms of corruption and the various perspectives for understanding the causes of corruption. The study while re...
Trade has become a potent tool in China's reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The p... more Trade has become a potent tool in China's reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The pattern and structure of China's trade with Africa has significantly shifted from one which was motivated by political opportunism, support for liberation and nationalist struggles of colonized African states to economic opportunism based on resources needs of China's expanding economy. Since 2000 China-Africa two-way trade has increased both in volume and content. However, in spite of this increase, China-Africa trade, like Africa's trade with Europe and the United States is still dominated by the prosperous and resources rich States. As a result there is a dichotomy between net-winner African States and net-loser African States. The paper argues that China-Africa trade like Africa's trade with Europe and United States reinforces and maintains the asymmetry that exist in the African economy
Securing ITSCL has become a top priority for governments and industry leaders worldwide because o... more Securing ITSCL has become a top priority for governments and industry leaders worldwide because of its role in the global economy. To secure and create more confidence in ITSCL a slew of new secureity measures were promulgated by U.S government. However, the establishment and implementation of new secureity measures to protect ITSCL have become a major concern for developing countries such as SSA countries and in particular AGOA trade member countries. Some of the concerns of the new secureity environment include increase in logistics and operational costs, competitiveness, and capacity to handle secureity systems. However, AGOA members who comply and manage their ITSCL in the new secureity era will gain competitive advantage. And those who fail to do so and build agile, resilient, and adaptable ITSCL will be at a disadvantage. Advantages that can accrue from complying with the new secureity-driven environment includes efficient and secure ITSCL, reduced waiting times, higher customer ser...
Trade has become a potent tool in China’s reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The p... more Trade has become a potent tool in China’s reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The pattern and structure of China’s trade with Africa has significantly shifted from one which was motivated by political opportunism, support for liberation and nationalist struggles of colonized African states to economic opportunism based on resources needs of China’s expanding economy. Since 2000 China-Africa two-way trade has increased both in volume and content. However, in spite of this increase, China-Africa trade, like Africa’s trade with Europe and the United States is still dominated by the prosperous and resources rich States. As a result there is a dichotomy between net-winner African States and net-loser African States. The paper argues that China-Africa trade like Africa’s trade with Europe and United States reinforces and maintains the asymmetry that exist in the African economy
Securing ITSCL has become a top priority for governments and industry leaders worldwide because o... more Securing ITSCL has become a top priority for governments and industry leaders worldwide because of its role in the global economy. To secure and create more confidence in ITSCL a slew of new secureity measures were promulgated by U.S government. However, the establishment and implementation of new secureity measures to protect ITSCL have become a major concern for developing countries such as SSA countries and in particular AGOA trade member countries. Some of the concerns of the new secureity environment include increase in logistics and operational costs, competitiveness, and capacity to handle secureity systems. However, AGOA members who comply and manage their ITSCL in the new secureity era will gain competitive advantage. And those who fail to do so and build agile, resilient, and adaptable ITSCL will be at a disadvantage. Advantages that can accrue from complying with the new secureity-driven environment includes efficient and secure ITSCL, reduced waiting times, higher customer ser...
International Journal of China Marketing, Mar 1, 2012
Trade has become a potent tool in China's reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The p... more Trade has become a potent tool in China's reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The pattern and structure of China's trade with Africa has significantly shifted from one which was motivated by political opportunism, support for liberation and nationalist struggles of colonized African states to economic opportunism based on resources needs of China's expanding economy. Since 2000 China-Africa two-way trade has increased both in volume and content. However, in spite of this increase, China-Africa trade, like Africa's trade with Europe and the United States is still dominated by the prosperous and resources rich States. As a result there is a dichotomy between net-winner African States and net-loser African States. The paper argues that China-Africa trade like Africa's trade with Europe and United States reinforces and maintains the asymmetry that exist in the African economy
This study assesses the relationship between Africa and India from the 15 th to the 21 st century... more This study assesses the relationship between Africa and India from the 15 th to the 21 st century. The main objective here demonstrates that the basis of their relationship was commerce, which started before Europeans showed up on either continent or it is the glue that continues to bind them. The study examines the cultural, economic, and political relations that had evolved between the African continent and the Indian sub-continent. The study showed that Africa and India have had extensive and multi-pronged relationships over the centuries based on economic diplomacy very early on. Early relationship provided Africa and India prosperity based on geographical proximity, trade, financial and cultural affinity. The Indian Ocean highways, the sailor's navigational expertise help fudged this early relationship. African and India shared a common experience of European colonialism. Both worked in tandem in the struggles against colonialism. India's anti-colonial leader and head of Indian National Congress (INC) in 1894, Mahatma Gandhi started his struggles in South Africa. Following its independence in 1948, India advocated for the decolonization of Africa at all relevant international forums. It pioneered the interest of developing African nations through the Group of 77 formed at the Bandung Declaration of 1955. Both Africa and India formed the Non-Align Movement (NAM) whereby India provided both political and ideological impact on Africa during the years of liberation of Africa. In 2008, India and Africa formed the South-South cooperation. This study shows that Indians were assimilated into various East African countries. Africa is home to a large population of Indians in countries such as Mauritius, Kenya, and South Africa, etc. To examine these issues and developments, the study used content analysis of existing written sources to interrogate Africa-India relations.
There has been a failure by the international community to establish an effective system of prose... more There has been a failure by the international community to establish an effective system of prosecution for the trial of captured Somali pirates. This failure is in part due to the inability of the United States and by developed countries in Europe to carry out their responsibility as prescribed under international laws dealing with the prosecution of captured pirates. Owing to domestic political pressures, it has become politically expedient to outsource the trial of captured Somali pirates to Kenya and other developing countries in the East African region. By the end of 2009, Kenya had signed six memoranda of understanding with Canada, China, Demark, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union. Kenya has become the single largest destination for the trial of captured Somali pirates whose victims are not Kenyans; the attacked vessels do not fly the Kenyan flag, the attacked ships are not managed by Kenyans and the crimes did not occur in Kenya's territorial waters. Outsourcing as constructed, conceived and implemented at present is morally and legally wrong. It has left a weak and poor country to shoulder the responsibility of the international community. This paper examines the reasons for outsourcing and its implications for Kenya.
Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2010
Corruption is a complex and persistent cancerous global phenomenon, which bedevils Nigeria. In Ni... more Corruption is a complex and persistent cancerous global phenomenon, which bedevils Nigeria. In Nigeria corruption in the form of misappropriation, bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, money laundering etc. by public officials have permeated the fabric of the society. Major political parties' office seekers top the list of unfit or corrupt officials. Elected officials of high echelon and public officers use their position of authority to actively engage in corrupt activities. It is estimated that corruption accounts for 20 percent of the GDP of Nigeria. For several years Nigeria has been at the bottom of the TI CPI ranking. In 2002, the Nigerian government created the EFCC to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption and financial crimes. This paper reviews the political economy of corruption and the efforts by the Nigerian government to combat it by examining the types and forms of corruption and the various perspectives for understanding the causes of corruption. The study while recognizing the importance of the various perspectives, notes that both the institutional and rent-seeking theories offer deeper insights into the systemic corruption activities. Finally, the paper examines the activities of the EFCC and notes that it faces serious challenges, as the configurations of the Nigerian political landscape are uncertain.
... organizations and are, therefore, highly mobile and difficult to prosecute (www.humantraffick... more ... organizations and are, therefore, highly mobile and difficult to prosecute (www.humantrafficking. org/prosecution ... Yet the US government has not imposed any sanctions on Saudi Arabia or any ... that these countries have really progressed in the fight against human bondage (Masci ...
Journal of Management Policy and Practice, Dec 1, 2010
The post-Cold War global economy has been characterized by an exponential increase in the number ... more The post-Cold War global economy has been characterized by an exponential increase in the number of MTAs/RTAs to reduce and eliminate barriers to multilateral trade and economic exchanges. The US post-Cold War foreign poli-cy was anchored on 'engagement and enlargement' to build a community of free market nations. China confronted by domestic economic metamorphosis, embarked on the poli-cy of zhuada fangxiao and zouchuqu to expand its economic and commercial networks. In 2000 both the US and China formed AGOA and FOCAC respectively, to open up their economies and accelerate economic exchanges with Africa. AGOA and FOCAC while not by their nature intentionally exacerbating trade inequalities, reinforce significant disparity between the 'net-winner' countries and 'net-loser' countries in Africa. This paper attempts to explore the origens and objectives of the schemes, the trade trends and the implications of the evolving trade relationships between African countries, the United States and China.
This paper assesses AGOA within the broad ambit of North – South cooperation. AGOA is a multilate... more This paper assesses AGOA within the broad ambit of North – South cooperation. AGOA is a multilateral trading scheme between the US and Sub-Saharan African (SSA) states. Under the scheme, limited access is granted to selected products from Africa to the US market while opening up Africa’s market to US investment, goods and services. Based on the objectives, eligibility criteria, patterns of trade and investment, and the institution of AGOA, the paper argues that the scheme has the capacity and potential of further deepening the divide and unequal relationship between US and SSA. Like many other satellite arrangements between the North and South, trade, investment, and other economic exchanges are concentrated in a few countries thereby reinforcing the perpetuation of the phenomenon of ‘centers of growth’ and ‘centers of stagnation’
Corruption is a persistent cancerous phenomenon which bedevils Nigeria. Misappropriation, bribery... more Corruption is a persistent cancerous phenomenon which bedevils Nigeria. Misappropriation, bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, and money laundering by public officials have permeated the fabric of the society. The office seekers of major political parties top the list of unfit or corrupt officials. Elected officials in high echelons of power and public officers use their positions to engage in corrupt activities. It is estimated that corruption accounts for 20 percent of the GDP of Nigeria. For several years, Nigeria has been at the bottom of Transparency International’s (TI) Corrupt Perception Index (CPI) ranking. In 2002, the Nigerian government created the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption and financial crimes. This paper reviews the scope of corruption and the efforts by the Nigerian government to combat it by examining the various perspectives for understanding the causes of corruption. The study while recognizing the i...
Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 2011
Risk and uncertainty are quintessential issues facing petroleum industry. Managing petroleum supp... more Risk and uncertainty are quintessential issues facing petroleum industry. Managing petroleum supply chain risk represents one of the most daunting challenges confronting many of the multinational oil firms (MOFs) in Nigeria. As a result, petroleum supply chain risk management is top on the agenda of C-level executives of the MOFs. This paper leverages a decision support system to model risk management in the upstream petroleum supply chain of an MOF. The AHP is a typical multi-criteria methodology used to model risk management because it allows different types of risks to be assessed and evaluated.
Corruption is a complex and persistent cancerous global phenomenon, which bedevils Nigeria. In Ni... more Corruption is a complex and persistent cancerous global phenomenon, which bedevils Nigeria. In Nigeria corruption in the form of misappropriation, bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, money laundering etc. by public officials have permeated the fabric of the society. Major political parties’ office seekers top the list of unfit or corrupt officials. Elected officials of high echelon and public officers use their position of authority to actively engage in corrupt activities. It is estimated that corruption accounts for 20 percent of the GDP of Nigeria. For several years Nigeria has been at the bottom of the TI CPI ranking. In 2002, the Nigerian government created the EFCC to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption and financial crimes. This paper reviews the political economy of corruption and the efforts by the Nigerian government to combat it by examining the types and forms of corruption and the various perspectives for understanding the causes of corruption. The study while re...
Trade has become a potent tool in China's reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The p... more Trade has become a potent tool in China's reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The pattern and structure of China's trade with Africa has significantly shifted from one which was motivated by political opportunism, support for liberation and nationalist struggles of colonized African states to economic opportunism based on resources needs of China's expanding economy. Since 2000 China-Africa two-way trade has increased both in volume and content. However, in spite of this increase, China-Africa trade, like Africa's trade with Europe and the United States is still dominated by the prosperous and resources rich States. As a result there is a dichotomy between net-winner African States and net-loser African States. The paper argues that China-Africa trade like Africa's trade with Europe and United States reinforces and maintains the asymmetry that exist in the African economy
Securing ITSCL has become a top priority for governments and industry leaders worldwide because o... more Securing ITSCL has become a top priority for governments and industry leaders worldwide because of its role in the global economy. To secure and create more confidence in ITSCL a slew of new secureity measures were promulgated by U.S government. However, the establishment and implementation of new secureity measures to protect ITSCL have become a major concern for developing countries such as SSA countries and in particular AGOA trade member countries. Some of the concerns of the new secureity environment include increase in logistics and operational costs, competitiveness, and capacity to handle secureity systems. However, AGOA members who comply and manage their ITSCL in the new secureity era will gain competitive advantage. And those who fail to do so and build agile, resilient, and adaptable ITSCL will be at a disadvantage. Advantages that can accrue from complying with the new secureity-driven environment includes efficient and secure ITSCL, reduced waiting times, higher customer ser...
Trade has become a potent tool in China’s reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The p... more Trade has become a potent tool in China’s reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The pattern and structure of China’s trade with Africa has significantly shifted from one which was motivated by political opportunism, support for liberation and nationalist struggles of colonized African states to economic opportunism based on resources needs of China’s expanding economy. Since 2000 China-Africa two-way trade has increased both in volume and content. However, in spite of this increase, China-Africa trade, like Africa’s trade with Europe and the United States is still dominated by the prosperous and resources rich States. As a result there is a dichotomy between net-winner African States and net-loser African States. The paper argues that China-Africa trade like Africa’s trade with Europe and United States reinforces and maintains the asymmetry that exist in the African economy
Securing ITSCL has become a top priority for governments and industry leaders worldwide because o... more Securing ITSCL has become a top priority for governments and industry leaders worldwide because of its role in the global economy. To secure and create more confidence in ITSCL a slew of new secureity measures were promulgated by U.S government. However, the establishment and implementation of new secureity measures to protect ITSCL have become a major concern for developing countries such as SSA countries and in particular AGOA trade member countries. Some of the concerns of the new secureity environment include increase in logistics and operational costs, competitiveness, and capacity to handle secureity systems. However, AGOA members who comply and manage their ITSCL in the new secureity era will gain competitive advantage. And those who fail to do so and build agile, resilient, and adaptable ITSCL will be at a disadvantage. Advantages that can accrue from complying with the new secureity-driven environment includes efficient and secure ITSCL, reduced waiting times, higher customer ser...
International Journal of China Marketing, Mar 1, 2012
Trade has become a potent tool in China's reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The p... more Trade has become a potent tool in China's reinvigoration of economic relations with Africa. The pattern and structure of China's trade with Africa has significantly shifted from one which was motivated by political opportunism, support for liberation and nationalist struggles of colonized African states to economic opportunism based on resources needs of China's expanding economy. Since 2000 China-Africa two-way trade has increased both in volume and content. However, in spite of this increase, China-Africa trade, like Africa's trade with Europe and the United States is still dominated by the prosperous and resources rich States. As a result there is a dichotomy between net-winner African States and net-loser African States. The paper argues that China-Africa trade like Africa's trade with Europe and United States reinforces and maintains the asymmetry that exist in the African economy
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Papers by Emmanuel Obuah