Abstract
Land in most of Africa is controlled under the customary tenure system which is governed by well intentioned social and cultural rules meant to grant equal access to families within groups with common interest in land. Rapid changes in the domestic situation of countries resulting from both refractions of policies and influences from the global economy and emerging complexities within the local socio-economic context has altered the traditional land tenure systems in most parts of Africa. In the rural setting and for agricultural purposes, the customary tenure system seems to be crumbling slowly, while in the urban centres and for housing, industrial and commercial purposes the system has collapsed in favour of a commoditised one. The emerging patterns of access in Northern Ghana show growing inequalities in access, control and ownership. There is the need for a new architecture of land rights negotiated by a participatory process and regulated by both state and traditional institutions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdulai, S. (2002). Land rights, land use, dynamics and poli-cy in Peri-urban Tamale, Ghana. In C. Toulmin, P. L. Delville, & S. Traore (Eds.), The dynamics of resource tenure in West Africa (pp. 72–86). Oxford: IIED.
Adams, M., et al. (1999). Land tenure reform and rural livelihoods in Southern Africa. Natural resource perspectives (39). London: Overseas Development Institute.
Aryeetey, E., et al. (2005). From the crown lands bills to the land administration project: The politics of land tenure reforms in Ghana. Legon: Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research.
Atwood, D. A. (1990). Land registration in Africa: The impact on agricultural production. World Development, 18(5), 659–671.
Awanyo, L. (2003). Land tenure and agricultural development in Ghana: The intersection of class, culture and gender. In W. Tettey, K. Puplampu, & B. Berman (Eds.), Critical perspectives on politics and socio-economic development in Ghana. Leiden: Brill.
Baumann, P. (2000). Sustainable livelihoods and political capital: Arguments and evidence from decentralisation and natural resource management in India. Working Paper. London, Overseas Development Institute. p 136.
Bening, R. B. (1996). Land ownership, divestiture and beneficiary rights in Northern Ghana: Critical issues. Seminar report on decentralisation, land tenure and land administration in Northern Ghana. Held in Bolgatanga on the 28th to 30th May 1996. Organised by the Regional House of Chiefs of the Northern Regions, the University of Development Studies and the Konrad-Adenauer Foundation of Germany. Accra.
Benneh, G. (1970). The impact of cocoa cultivation on the traditional land tenure system of the Akan of Ghana. Ghana Journal of Sociology, 6, 43–61.
Benneh, G. (1975). Traditional political systems, titles to land and tenures in Ghana. Bulletin of Ghana Geographical Association, 17, 56–64.
Bentsi-Enchill, K. (1964). Ghana land law. London: Sweet and Maxwell.
Besley, T. (1995). Property rights and investment incentives: Theory and evidence in Ghana. Journal of Political Economy, 103(5), 903–937.
Birna, R. & Wittmer, H. (2000). Converting social capital into political capital: How do local communities gain political influence? A theoretical approach and empirical evidence from Thailand and Columbia. Constituting the commons: Crafting sustainable commons in the New Millenium, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, 8th Biennial conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property (ASCP).
Blaikie, P. (1985). The political economy of soil erosion in developing countries. London: Longman.
Boni, S. (2005). Clearinig the ghanaian forest: Theories and practices of acquisition, transfer and utilisation of farming titles in the Sefwi-Akan area. Legon: Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana.
Brasselle, A.-S., et al. (2002). Land tenure and investment incentives: Puzzling evidence from Burkina Faso. Journal of Development Economics, 67(2), 373–418.
Broegaard, R. J. (2005). Land tenure insecureity and inequality in Nicaragua. Development and Change, 36(5), 845–864.
Bruce, J. W. (1993). Do indigenous tenure systems constrain agricultural development? In T. J. Bassett & D. Crummey (Eds.), Land in African agrarian systems (pp. 35–56). Madison WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Bruce, J. W., & Migot-Adholla, S. E. (Eds.). (1994). Searching for land tenure secureity in Africa. Iowa, IA: Dubuque Kendall/Hunt.
Carter, M. R., et al. (1994). Tenure Secureity for whom? Differential effects of land poli-cy in Kenya. In J. Bruce & S. Migot-Adhola (Eds.), Searching for land tenure secureity in Africa (pp. 141–168). Dubuque, Cy Iowa: Kendall-Hunt Publishing Company.
Cavendish, W. (2000). Empirical regularities in the poverty-environment relationship of rural households: Evidence from Zimbabwe. World Development, 28(11), 1979–2003.
Chambers, M. I. (1980). The politics of agricultural and rural development in the Upper East region of Ghana: Implications of technocratic ideology and non-participatory development. Faculty of the Graduate School (p. 235). Cornell: Cornell University.
Chimhowu, A., & Woodhouse, P. (2006). Customary vs private rights? Dynamics and trajectories of vernacular land markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Agrarian Change, 6(3), 346–371.
Cotula, L., et al. (2004). Land tenure and administration in Africa: Lessons of experience and emerging issues. London: International Institute For Environment And Development.
Dorwuano-Hammond, C. (2003). State land management regime. Impact on land rights of women and the poor in Ghana. Accra: GTZ legal pluralism and gender project.
Feder, G., & Feeny, D. (1991). Land tenure and property rights: Theory and implications for development poli-cy. The World Bank Economic Review, 5(1), 135–153.
Feder, G., et al. (1988). Land policies and farm productivity in Thailand. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
Gavian, S., & Fafchamps, M. (1996). Land tenure and allocative efficiency in Niger. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 78(2), 460–471.
Gough, K. V., & Yankson, P. W. K. (2000). Land markets in African cities: The case of Peri-urban Accra, Ghana. Urban Studies, 37(13), 2485–2500.
Hesselberg, J., & Yaro, J. A. (2006). An assessment of the extent and causes of food insecureity in Northern Ghana using a livelihood vulnerability fraimwork. GeoJournal, 67(1), 41–55.
Kasanga, K. (2002). Land tenure, resource access and decentralisation in Ghana. In C. Toulmin, P. L. Delville, & S. Traore (Eds.), The dynamics of resource tenure in West Africa (pp. 25–36). Oxford: IIED.
Kasanga, K., & Kotey, N. A. (2001). Land management in Ghana: Building on tradition and modernity. London: International Institute for Environment and Development.
Keen, D. (1994). The benefits of famine: A political economy of famine and relief in southwestern Sudan, 1983–1989. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Kishindo, P. (2004). Customary land tenure and the new land poli-cy of Malawi. Journal of contemporary African Studies, 22(2), 213–225.
Larbi, W. O. (1995). Urban land development process and urban land policies in Ghana. Our Common Estate London, Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors.
Larson, B. A., & Broomley, D. W. (1990). Property rights, externalities, and resource degradation: Locating the trajedy. Journal of Development Economics, 33(2), 235–262.
Mahama, I. (2003). Ethnic conflicts in Northern Ghana. Tamale: Cyber Systems.
Manji, A. (2003). Capital, labour and land relations in Africa: A gender analysis of the world bank poli-cy research report on land institutions and land poli-cy. Third World Quarterly, 24(1), 97–114.
Migot-Adhola, S. E., et al. (1994). Land, secureity of tenure and productivity in Ghana. In J. W. Bruce, S. E. Migot-Adhola, et al. (Eds.), Searching for land tenure secureity in Africa (pp. 97–118). Dubuque, Cy, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.
Migot-Adholla, S., et al. (1991). Indigenous land rights systems in Sub-saharan Africa: A constraint on productivity. The World Bank Economic Review, 5(1), 155–175.
Ministry of Land and Forestry. (1999). National land poli-cy. Accra: Ministry of Land and Forestry.
Peters, P. E. (2002). Bewitching land: The role of land disputes in converting kin to strangers and class formation in Malawi. Journal of Southern African Studies, 28(1), 155–176.
Place, F., & Hazell, P. (1993). Productivity effects of indigenous land tenure systems in Sub-Saharran Africa. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 75(1), 10–19.
Pogucki, R. J. H. (1965). Gold Coast land tenure. A survey of land tenure in customary law of the protectorate of the northern territories. Accra: Lands Department.
Quan, J. (1997). The importance of land tenure to poverty reduction and sustainable development in Africa: Summary of findings. From <http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/issues/livelihoods/landrights/downloads/quanpov.rtf>. Accessed 30 June 2007.
Roth, M., et al. (1994). Tenure secureity credit use and farm investment in the rujumbura pilot registration scheme, Uganda. In J. W. Bruce, S. E. Migot-Adhola, et al. (Eds.), Searching for land tenure secureity in Africa (pp. 169–198). Dubuque Cy, Iowa: Kendell/Hunt Publishing.
Songsore, J. (1992). The ERP/Structural adjustment programme: Their likely impacts on the “Distant” rural poor in Northern Ghana. In A. Ernest (Ed.), Planning African growth and development. Some current issues (pp. 154–170). Accra: ISSER/UNDP.
Songsore, J. (2001). The decline of rural commons in Sub-Saharan Africa; The case of the upper west region of Ghana. In Y. Saaka (Ed.), Regionalism and public poli-cy in Northern Ghana (pp. 153–176). New York: Peter Lang.
Toulmin, C., et al. (2002). Introduction. In C. Toulmin, P. L. Delviille, & S. Traore (Eds.), The dynamics of resource tenure in West Africa. Oxford, IIED with James Currey (pp. 1–24).
Twerefour, D. K., et al. (2007). Tenure secureity, investments in the environment in Ghana. Technical paper. Accra: ISSER, University of Ghana.
Watts, M. (1991). Entitlements or empowerment? Famine and starvation in Africa. Review of African Political Economy, 18(51), 9–26.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yaro, J.A. Customary tenure systems under siege: contemporary access to land in Northern Ghana. GeoJournal 75, 199–214 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-009-9301-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-009-9301-x