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Development of membrane lipids in the surfactin producer Bacillus subtilis

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Abstract

Processes occurring in the cytoplasmic membrane of the surfactin producer Bacillus subtilis were examined during a 3-d cultivation. The fatty acid composition was found to be almost stable within this interval, except for the early stationary phase when the nonbranched, mostly C16:0 and C18:0 (high melting fatty acids), prevailed transiently in the membrane. As for phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, representing 73 % of the total in the membranes of exponential cells were partly replaced by cardiolipin, which gradually rose from 5 to 28 % at the end of cultivation. In parallel, steady-state fluorescence anisotropy (r s) measurements with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) indicated a remarkable increase of r s DPH during the long-term cultivation and implied a continuous rigidization of the membrane interior. By contrast, the almost constant values of r s 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene 4-toluenesulfonate (TMA-DPH) reflected stable microviscosity of the membrane surface region. Thus, the significant increase of high melting fatty acids and cardiolipin in the cytoplasmic membrane together with the progressive rigidization of the membrane interior reflected the cell adaptation to adverse conditions.

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Abbreviations

CL:

cardiolipin

PG:

phosphatidylglycerol

DPH:

1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (all trans)

PMSF:

phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride

FA(s):

fatty acid(s)

PS:

phosphatidylserine

GC-MS:

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

PXNH2 :

lysylphosphatidylglycerol (see footnote d to Table II)

HPLC:

high performance liquid chromatography

r s :

steady-state fluorescence anisotropy

PA:

phosphatidic acid

TMA-DPH:

1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene 4-toluenesulfonate

PE:

phosphatidylethanolamine

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  1. Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44, Prague, Czechia

    G. Seydlová & J. Svobodová

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  1. G. Seydlová
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  2. J. Svobodová
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Correspondence to J. Svobodová.

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Seydlová, G., Svobodová, J. Development of membrane lipids in the surfactin producer Bacillus subtilis . Folia Microbiol 53, 303–307 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-008-0047-5

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