Papers by NURHAZWANI ISMAIL
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Greywater means faecal free wastewater from households and buildings. Recycled greywater can be u... more Greywater means faecal free wastewater from households and buildings. Recycled greywater can be used for daily activities where freshwater is not necessary. Coagulation and flocculation technique in water recycling mostly utilize chemical coagulant alum. However, alum residue in water causes neural diseases and the process produces toxic sludge. Hence, natural coagulant is a safer alternate. Previous studies had proved the efficiency of different types of natural coagulant used individually and as a combination. However, the combination of chitosan and H. Sabdariffa had not been tested. The objective of this research is to investigate the efficiency of chitosan and H. Sabdariffa used alone and combined in greywater treatment. Jar test experiment was conducted using 0.5 L greywater in beakers mixed with the coagulants. The pH and coagulant dosage in each beaker were manipulated to determine the optimum condition. The greywater was then mixed rapidly for 4 minutes at 140 rpm, then slo...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Coagulation is a common technique used in wastewater treatment plants to remove dissolved chemica... more Coagulation is a common technique used in wastewater treatment plants to remove dissolved chemicals, turbidity, and colours. Aluminium sulphate (alum), the most common coagulant, has recently been connected to both Alzheimer’s disease and environmental issues. In order to deal with these issues, researchers are considering the possibility of developing a natural coagulant that is safe for both humans and the environment. In this research, Artocarpus Heterophyllus (Jackfruit) seeds were used to make a natural coagulant, and their use in the treatment of coloured wastewater was implemented. This study examined the effects of hot air-drying temperatures on the Jackfruit seed moisture content. Jackfruit seed application in dye wastewater treatment was also optimised via several experiments with varying coagulation parameters generated via central composite response surface design (CCD). Jackfruit seed drying and protein extraction are two crucial steps in making natural coagulants. Jack...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Conventional coagulants such as aluminum sulfate and ferric sulphate have proved to be harmful to... more Conventional coagulants such as aluminum sulfate and ferric sulphate have proved to be harmful to human health as it may cause neurological diseases like Alzheimer and percentile dementia. These health concerns have led to the use of natural coagulants which are environmental friendly and not harmful to human health. In this study, Moringa Oleifera seeds are selected to study the preparation of the natural coagulant and further use it in dye wastewater treatment. The two important steps used in preparing the natural coagulants are drying of the raw materials and extraction of the protein content. Moringa Oleifera seeds were oven dried at 40°C, 50°C and 60°C and the drying data was recorded. The recorded data was then fitted into five thin layer kinetic models to obtain the most suitable drying temperature and its corresponding drying time. Using Microsoft Excel Solver 2011, values of (R2), (RMSE) and chi-square (X2 ) were calculated. Based on the highest value of (R2 ) and lowest va...
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2021
Synthetic coagulants currently used to treat dye wastewater in the water treatment industry has b... more Synthetic coagulants currently used to treat dye wastewater in the water treatment industry has been found to produce large amounts of waste and is bad for the environment. The research then presents two different methods of preparing Hibiscus Sabdariffa as a natural coagulant which are direct method and freeze-drying method to possibly replace synthetic coagulant in treating dye wastewater. The two different methods of preparing natural coagulant Hibiscus Sabdariffa are compared in terms of protein retention and coagulation performance at removing dye from dye wastewater. This is to determine which method of preparation is better at preparing a Hibiscus Sabdariffa as a natural coagulant to be used in the water treatment industry. Three analysis are done to determine the optimum concentration of Hibiscus Sabdariffa powder and freeze-drying duration is based on (i) surface morphology, (ii) water solubility and (iii) water activity. Optimum concentration of Hibiscus Sabdariffa powder ...
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2018
The aim of this experiment is to study the phytochemical content of Malaysian fruit (Myristica fr... more The aim of this experiment is to study the phytochemical content of Malaysian fruit (Myristica fragrans), commonly known as nutmeg. This study also includes the optimization of extraction conditions for both soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction to yield the highest total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and 2, 2-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl scavenging activity of nutmegs using Response surface methodology. Soxhlet extraction is carried out with different extraction time and type of solvent. However, ultrasonic-assisted extraction is carried out with different extraction time, concentration of solvent and temperature of ultrasonic water bath. It has been shown that the optimum value of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and 2, 2-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl scavenging activity of soxhlet extraction on nutmegs are 12.290 mg, 17.09 mg and 95.837%, respectively with a desirability of 0.671. The optimum condition for soxhlet extraction of nutmegs to obtain optimum yield of tot...
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
This paper is written to link liberatory pedagogy with engineering education and sustainable deve... more This paper is written to link liberatory pedagogy with engineering education and sustainable development Its application to specifically, design education for community is explored through deconstructing of engineering student narratives to place understanding of power and privilege in a specific learning setting. The use of liberatory pedagogy for design education and SD is attempted where there is need of changes in understanding of learning outcomes for SD aimed at producing of sustainable physical products to address SD problems in community-based projects. We argue against the simple-minded approach of producing physical products and undermine the intersections of other knowledge forms within the community context. Without pedagogic intervention, we undermine other knowledge forms and cultures in its importance amidst technical knowledge seen as which is valid for SD. Extending liberatory pedagogy to constructivists’ perspective we discuss the importance of intervention in the ...
The process of coagulation is commonly practiced in water and wastewater treatment to reduce leve... more The process of coagulation is commonly practiced in water and wastewater treatment to reduce level of dissolved chemical, turbidity and so on with the usage of coagulant. Aluminium sulphate (alum) is the most commonly used coagulant, however, recent studies show that residual aluminium in drinking water and sludge may induce Alzheimer’s disease and environmental issues. Natural coagulant which is environmental friendly and non-toxic is developed as an alternative to overcome these issues. In this work, Hibiscus Sabdariffa was studied as natural coagulant to treat dye wastewater containing Congo red. The seeds were extracted with different solvent such as distilled water, 0.5 M NaCl and 0.05 M NaOH to extract the coagulation agent. The working parameters were optimised using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 0.5 M NaCl was found to have highest colour removal of 95.1 % among the solvents. In addition, Hibiscus Sabdariffa seed was found to be an effective coagulant that has 91.2 % c...
Gaseous pollutants namely, Sulphur dioxide, (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) have adverse effects o... more Gaseous pollutants namely, Sulphur dioxide, (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) have adverse effects on environment and the human health. An adsorption column with activated carbon packing is used to remove these pollutants. Activated carbon (AC) samples are prepared from palm shells and their efficiencies are compared with commercial activated carbon. The optimal conditions for adsorption of CO and SO2 onto the palm shell based activated carbon removed 75% of CO and 100% of SO2. Keywords— Activated carbon, Adsorption, Gaseous Pollutants, Palm shell, Commercial Activated Carbon
Engineering Grand Challenges in Scholar Programs, 2019
The final year project represents a very significant milestone in the education of a final year e... more The final year project represents a very significant milestone in the education of a final year engineering student. For the first time, he or she is required to undertake a research-oriented project entirely on their own. While projects in the earlier semesters were primarily group projects of a design and build nature, the final year project is different in that it is an individual research project. It requires the student to manage it to completion by themselves and to develop the requisite research skills to undertake it successfully. This chapter elaborates on the final year project module at Taylor’s University’s School of Engineering with regards to design and implementation of the module and how this influences the learning process of the students.
Performance of electrolysis with carbon electrode on waste water that contains heavy metal ions (... more Performance of electrolysis with carbon electrode on waste water that contains heavy metal ions (Zn), has been studied. Parameters such as metal ion concentration and temperature were studied to achieve higher removal rates of heavy metals from the waste water. The research shows that electrolysis perform the best when the pH is kept at neutral conditions. Besides that, the removal efficiencies of metal ions is highest at 45°C. The research shows that the use of membrane electrolysis has a removal efficiencies of 99.6%. Keywords— Electrolysis; Heavy Metals; Membrane; Anion; Cation
Benzene is the most basic aromatic compound, which possesses diverse applications in the chemical... more Benzene is the most basic aromatic compound, which possesses diverse applications in the chemical industry. Benzene is mainly used as an intermediate chemical for styrene in the manufacturing of plastic materials. The benzene derivatives such as styrene, cumene, cyclohexane and nitrobenzene are the four most significant products, which are highly dependent on the benzene demand. However, there is a huge gap between the supply and demand of benzene, and fluctuation of the market price of benzene is also noticeable in recent years. Primarily, benzene is produced as a by-product especially from steam crackers, production of p-xylene and also in oil refineries. This caused the demand of benzene to follow strictly on gasoline, ethylene and also p-xylene in particular. Hence, in this review, three important benzene process pathways are studied and compared based on its economic, safety and environmental aspects in order to allow researchers to understand and able to compare different rout...
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CONFERENCE - 12TH EURECA 2019, 2019
Greywater recycling can help to curb water shortages especially in developed countries as they co... more Greywater recycling can help to curb water shortages especially in developed countries as they consumed high amount of water for their activities. Greywater can be treated using coagulation process due to its simplicity and effectiveness with usage of coagulant. Studies show that the usage of conventional coagulant has bad effect on human health, produces large volume of sludge and affect pH of treated water. Therefore, a replacement on conventional coagulant with natural coagulant is preferable as it is safer for human health, biodegradable and toxic-free. In this study, Hibiscus Sabdariffa seeds as natural coagulant is used due to high protein content compared to other parts of the plant which important for coagulation process. The objectives of this study are to investigate the performance of the seeds in treating greywater by varying pH, coagulant dosage and mixing effects and compare the performance with conventional coagulant. Jar test experiment was carried out. It was found that the seeds work the best at pH 2, 100 mg/l of coagulant dosage, 30 rpm for slow mix and 140 rpm for rapid mix which resulted in 93.83% and 57.98% removal efficiencies of turbidity and COD respectively. Alum coagulant was used to compare the coagulation performances. Alum coagulant works the best at pH 6, 200 mg/l of coagulant dosage, 40 rpm for slow mix and 150 rpm for rapid mix which resulted in 97.48% and 65.26% removal efficiencies of turbidity and COD respectively Therefore, it shows that Hibiscus Sabdariffa seeds is comparable with alum coagulant and hence, it has potential in treating greywater.
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
The conventional process to treat dye wastewater is the physicochemical treatment such as coagula... more The conventional process to treat dye wastewater is the physicochemical treatment such as coagulation, flocculation and adsorption process. A new approach has been demonstrated to treat Congo red dye wastewater, which is the adsorption-coagulation hybrid process. Natural coagulant extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa seeds is used as the coagulant while activated carbon is used as the adsorbent in this case study. The objective of this experiment is to study the significant factors that will affect the efficiency of dye removal. Then, the optimum conditions for the hybrid process is determined using Respond Surface Methodology (RSM). The variables are pH, initial dye concentration, coagulant dosage and adsorbent dosage while the response of experiment is the dye removal percentage. A three-level and four-variable Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used for the RSM. A total of 27 sets of experimental results is required to determine the optimum conditions. Jar test is used to conduct the expe...
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
Pharmaceutical wastewater is one of the most difficult wastewater to treat due to the presence of... more Pharmaceutical wastewater is one of the most difficult wastewater to treat due to the presence of pharmaceutical compounds resulting in high concentration of organic matter, high turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Chemical-based coagulation is a common method used to treat wastewater. However, the issue that has been raised with the use of chemical coagulants is their presence in water after treatment that can cause risks to the human health such as Alzheimer and cancer. Natural coagulants can be used as a safe alternative to these chemicals instead. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to study the effect of H. Sabdariffa and J. Curcas as natural coagulants, separately and as a combination, on the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. Jar test experiment were carried out where beakers of 0.5L wastewater were mixed with the coagulants. The pH of the wastewater was varied from 2 to 12 while the coagulant dosage was varied from 40 to 200 mg/L. It was found that H...
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Papers by NURHAZWANI ISMAIL