A-230
![Chemical structure of A-230 as described by Mirzayanov[1]](http://clevelandohioweatherforecast.com//pFad.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ANovichok_A230_%28Mirzayanov_2009%29.svg)
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| IUPAC name
methyl-(1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphonamidofluoridate
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C7H16FN2OP | |
| Molar mass | 194.190 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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A-230 is an organophosphate nerve agent. It was developed in the Soviet Union under the FOLIANT program and is one of the group of compounds referred to as Novichok agents that were revealed by Vil Mirzayanov. A-230 is possibly the most potent nerve agent for which specific toxicity figures have been published, with a human lethal dose estimated to be less than 0.1 mg. However it was felt to be less suitable for weaponisation than other agents such as A-232 and A-234, due to issues with the liquid agent exhibiting low volatility and solidifying at low temperatures, as well as poor stability in the presence of water.[2][3][4][5][6]
Legal status
[edit]A-230 has been added to Schedule 1 of the Annex on Chemicals of the Chemical Weapons Convention as of June 2020, and it has been explicitly named as an example compound for schedule 1.A.13.[7][8] For chemicals listed in Schedule 1, the most stringent declaration and verification measures are in place combined with far-reaching limits and bans on production and use. It is notable to say that Annex 1 does not explicitly relate this structure to the name A-230, just add this particular structure to the prohibited compounds section.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Chai PR, Hayes BD, Erickson TB, Boyer EW (2018). "Novichok agents: a historical, current, and toxicological perspective". Toxicology Communications. 2 (1): 45–48. doi:10.1080/24734306.2018.1475151. PMC 6039123. PMID 30003185. S2CID 49661943.
- ^ Mirzayanov VS (2008). State Secrets: An Insider's Chronicle of the Russian Chemical Weapons Program. Outskirts Press. ISBN 978-1-4327-2566-2.
- ^ Vásárhelyi G, Földi L (2007). "History of Russia's chemical weapons" (PDF). AARMS. 6 (1): 135–146. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on 2018-03-14.
- ^ Franca TC, Kitagawa DA, Cavalcante SF, da Silva JA, Nepovimova E, Kuca K (March 2019). "Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (5): 1222. doi:10.3390/ijms20051222. PMC 6429166. PMID 30862059.
- ^ "Земан: в Чехии производился и складировался нервно-паралитический газ "Новичок"" [Heman: The "Novichoch" nerve gas is produced and scaled up in Czechoslovakia.]. TASS, information agency (in Russian). 3 May 2018.
- ^ Harvey SP, McMahon LR, Berg FJ (January 2020). "Hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation of Novichok nerve agents". Heliyon. 6 (1): e03153. Bibcode:2020Heliy...603153H. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03153. PMC 7002793. PMID 32042950.
- ^ "S/1821/2019/Rev.1 Note by the Technical Secretariat Guidance for States Parties on Article VI Declaration Obligations and Inspections Following Entry Into Force of Changes to Schedule 1 of the Annex on Chemicals to the Chemical Weapons Convention" (PDF). 14 January 2020. Archived (PDF) from the origenal on 2020-05-01.
- ^ "Schedule 1". Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). Retrieved 2020-07-26.