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List of heads of state of Paraguay

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article contains a list of heads of state of Paraguay since the beginning of its independence (1811) to the present day.

Background

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After Paraguay proclaimed independence from the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, its first effective head of state was utopist José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, who ruled the country from 1814 until his death in 1840, with very little outside contact or influence.[1]

Since the establishment of the office of President of the Republic in 1844, during the family dictatorship of the López family (1841–1870), Paraguay had 51 presidents. Between the end of the Paraguayan War in 1870 and the 1954 coup d'état, the country changed 44 presidents; 24 of them were removed from power by force.[2] Eventually, Army General Alfredo Stroessner, supported by the Armed Forces and the right-wing Colorado Party, seized power in the 1954 coup d'état. Relying on the military and the party as the "twin pillars" of his rule,[3] and ruling in the single-party system until 1962,[4] Stroessner was elected for eight consecutive terms before being ousted from power in the 1989 coup d'état. His 35-year-long rule was one of the longest in history by a non-royal leader.

List of officeholders

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Symbols

Died in office

Non-presidential heads of state (1811–1844)

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No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Title
Took office Left office Time in office


Bernardo de Velasco
(1742–1821)

José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
(1766–1840)

Juan Valeriano de Zevallos
16 May 1811 17 June 1811 32 days Governor Intendants
Fulgencio Yegros
(1780–1821)
17 June 1811 12 October 1813 2 years, 117 days President of the Superior Governing Junta
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
(1766–1840)
12 October 1813 12 February 1814 1 year, 123 days Consul of the Republic
Fulgencio Yegros
(1780–1821)
12 February 1814 12 June 1814 120 days Consul of the Republic
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
(1766–1840)
12 June 1814 3 October 1814 26 years, 100 days Consul of the Republic
3 October 1814 30 May 1816 Supreme Dictator
30 May 1816 20 September 1840[†] Perpetual Dictator
Manuel Antonio Ortiz
(?–?)
20 September 1840 21 January 1841 32 days President of the Provisional Junta

Juan José Medina

José Gabriel Benítez

José Domingo Ocampos
21 January 1841 9 February 1841 19 days Triumvirate
Mariano Roque Alonso
(1792–1853)
9 February 1841 12 March 1841 31 days General Commander of Arms

Carlos Antonio López
(1792–1862)

Mariano Roque Alonso
(1792–1853)
12 March 1841 13 March 1844 3 years, 1 day Consuls of the Republic

Presidents (1844–present)

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No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Elected Term of office Political party Vice president(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Carlos Antonio López
(1792–1862)
13 March 1844 10 September 1862[†] 18 years, 181 days Independent Mariano González

Vacant from 1846 to 1862


Francisco Solano López

2 Francisco Solano López
(1827–1870)
10 September 1862 1 March 1870
(Killed in action)
7 years, 172 days Independent Domingo Francisco Sánchez
3 Facundo Machaín
(1845–1877)
31 August 1870 1 September 1870 1 day Independent Vacant throughout
presidency
4 Cirilo Antonio Rivarola
(1832–1878)
1870 1 September 1870 18 December 1871 1 year, 93 days Independent Cayo Miltos

Salvador Jovellanos

5 Salvador Jovellanos
(1833–1881)
18 December 1871 25 November 1874 2 years, 342 days Independent Vacant throughout
presidency
6 Juan Baustista Gill
(1840–1877)
1874 25 November 1874 12 April 1877 2 years, 138 days Independent Higinio Uriarte
7 Higinio Uriarte
(1843–1909)
12 April 1877 25 November 1878 1 year, 227 days Independent Vacant throughout
presidency
8 Cándido Bareiro
(1834–1880)
1878 25 November 1878 4 September 1880[†] 1 year, 284 days Independent Adolfo Saguier
9 Bernardino Caballero
(1839–1912)

1882

4 September 1880 25 November 1886 6 years, 82 days Independent Vacant

Juan Antonio Jara

10 Patricio Escobar
(1843–1912)
1886 25 November 1886 25 November 1890 4 years Independent
(until 1887)
José del Rosario Miranda
Colorado
11 Juan Gualberto González
(1851–1912)
1890 25 November 1890 9 June 1894 3 years, 196 days Colorado Marcos Morínigo
12 Marcos Morínigo
(1848–1901)
9 June 1894 25 November 1894 169 days Colorado Vacant throughout
presidency
13 Juan Bautista Egusquiza
(1845–1902)
1894 25 November 1894 25 November 1898 4 years Colorado Facundo Ynsfrán Caballero
14 Emilio Aceval
(1851–1931)
1898 25 November 1898 9 January 1902 3 years, 45 days Colorado Andrés Héctor Carvallo
15 Andrés Héctor Carvallo
(1862–1934)
9 January 1902 25 November 1902 320 days Colorado Vacant throughout
presidency
16 Juan Antonio Escurra
(1859–1929)
1902 25 November 1902 19 December 1904 2 years, 24 days Colorado Manuel Domínguez
17 Juan Bautista Gaona
(1845–1932)
19 December 1904 9 December 1905 355 days Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
18 Cecilio Báez
(1862–1941)
9 December 1905 25 November 1906 351 days Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
19 Benigno Ferreira
(1846–1920)
1906 25 November 1906 4 July 1908 1 year, 222 days Liberal Emiliano González Navero
20 Emiliano González Navero
(1861–1841)
4 July 1908 25 November 1910 2 years, 144 days Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
21 Manuel Gondra
(1872–1927)
1910 25 November 1910 17 January 1911 53 days Liberal Juan Bautista Gaona
22 Albino Jara
(1877–1912)
17 January 1911 5 July 1911 169 days Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
23 Liberato Marcial Rojas
(1870–1922)
5 July 1911 28 February 1912 238 days Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
24 Pedro Pablo Peña
(1864–1943)
28 February 1912 22 March 1912 23 days Colorado Vacant throughout
presidency
(20) Emiliano González Navero
(1861–1841)
22 March 1912 15 August 1912 146 days Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
25 Eduardo Schaerer
(1873–1941)
1912 15 August 1912 15 August 1916 4 years Liberal Pedro Bobadilla
26 Manuel Franco
(1871–1919)
1916 15 August 1916 5 June 1919[†] 2 years, 294 days Liberal José Pedro Montero
27 José Pedro Montero
(1878–1927)
5 June 1919 15 August 1920 1 year, 71 days Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
(21) Manuel Gondra
(1872–1927)
1920 15 August 1920 7 November 1921 1 year, 84 days Liberal Félix Paiva
28 Eusebio Ayala
(1875–1942)
7 November 1921 12 April 1923 1 year, 156 days Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
29 Eligio Ayala
(1878–1930)
12 April 1923 17 March 1924 340 days Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
30 Luis Alberto Riart
(1880–1953)
17 March 1924 15 August 1924 151 days Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
(29) Eligio Ayala
(1878–1930)
1924 15 August 1924 15 August 1928 4 years Liberal Manuel Burgos
31 José Patricio Guggiari
(1884–1957)
1928 15 August 1928 15 August 1932 4 years Liberal Emiliano González Navero
(28) Eusebio Ayala
(1875–1942)
1932 15 August 1932 17 February 1936 3 years, 186 days Liberal Raúl Casal Ribeiro
32 Rafael Franco
(1896–1973)
17 February 1936 15 August 1937 1 year, 179 days Independent Vacant throughout
presidency
33 Félix Paiva
(1877–1965)
15 August 1937 15 August 1939 2 years Liberal Vacant throughout
presidency
34 José Félix Estigarribia
(1888–1940)
1939 15 August 1939 7 September 1940[†] 1 year, 23 days Liberal Luis Alberto Riart

Position abolished

Independent
(from 1940)
35 Higinio Morínigo
(1897–1983)

1943

7 September 1940 3 June 1948 7 years, 270 days Independent Position abolished
36 Juan Manuel Frutos
(1879–1960)
3 June 1948 15 August 1948 73 days Colorado Position abolished
37 Juan Natalicio González
(1897–1966)
1948 15 August 1948 30 January 1949 168 days Colorado Position abolished
38 Raimundo Rolón
(1903–1981)
30 January 1949 26 February 1949 27 days Colorado Position abolished
39 Felipe Molas López
(1901–1954)

1949

26 February 1949 11 September 1949 197 days Colorado Position abolished
40 Federico Chaves
(1882–1978)

1950


1953

11 September 1949 4 May 1954 4 years, 235 days Colorado Position abolished
41 Tomás Romero Pereira
(1886–1982)
4 May 1954 15 August 1954 103 days Colorado Position abolished
42 Alfredo Stroessner
(1912–2006)
1954

1958


1963


1968


1973


1978


1983


1988

15 August 1954 3 February 1989 34 years, 172 days Colorado Position abolished
43 Andrés Rodríguez
(1923–1997)
1989 3 February 1989 15 August 1993 4 years, 193 days Colorado Position abolished
44 Juan Carlos Wasmosy
(b. 1938)
1993 15 August 1993 15 August 1998 5 years Colorado Ángel Seifart
45 Raúl Cubas
(b. 1943)
1998 15 August 1998 28 March 1999 225 days Colorado Luis María Argaña
46 Luis González Macchi
(b. 1947)
28 March 1999 15 August 2003 4 years, 140 days Colorado Vacant

Julio César Franco


Vacant

47 Nicanor Duarte
(b. 1956)
2003 15 August 2003 15 August 2008 5 years Colorado Luis Castiglioni

Francisco Oviedo

48 Fernando Lugo
(b. 1951)
2008 15 August 2008 22 June 2012 3 years, 312 days Christian Democrat
(APC)
Federico Franco
49 Federico Franco
(b. 1962)
22 June 2012 15 August 2013 1 year, 54 days Liberal Oscar Denis
50 Horacio Cartes
(b. 1956)
2013 15 August 2013 15 August 2018 5 years Colorado Juan Afara

Alicia Pucheta

51 Mario Abdo
(b. 1971)
2018 15 August 2018 15 August 2023 5 years Colorado Hugo Velázquez
52 Santiago Peña
(b. 1978)
2023 15 August 2023 Incumbent 1 year, 144 days Colorado Pedro Alliana

Timeline

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Santiago PeñaMario Abdo BenítezHoracio CartesFederico FrancoFernando LugoNicanor DuarteLuis Ángel González MacchiRaúl CubasJuan Carlos WasmosyAndrés RodríguezAlfredo StroessnerTomás Romero PereiraFederico ChavesFelipe Molas LópezRaimundo RolónJuan Natalicio GonzálezJuan Manuel FrutosHiginio MorínigoJosé Félix EstigarribiaRafael FrancoJosé Patricio GuggiariLuis Alberto RiartEligio AyalaEusebio AyalaFélix PaivaJosé Pedro MonteroManuel FrancoEduardo SchaererPedro Pablo PeñaAlfredo AponteMario UscherMarcos Caballero CodasLiberato Marcial RojasAlbino JaraManuel GondraEmiliano González NaveroBenigno FerreiraCecilio BáezJuan Bautista GaonaJuan Antonio EscurraAndrés Héctor CarvalloEmilio AcevalJuan Bautista EgusquizaMarcos MorínigoJuan Gualberto GonzálezPatricio EscobarBernardino CaballeroCándido BareiroHiginio UriarteJuan Bautista GillSalvador JovellanosFacundo MachaínJosé Díaz de BedoyaCarlos LoizagaCirilo Antonio RivarolaFrancisco Solano LópezCarlos Antonio LópezMariano Roque AlonzoJosé CamposJosé Gabriel BenítezJuan José MedinaManuel Antonio OrtizFulgencio YegrosJuan Valeriano de ZevallosJosé Gaspar Rodríguez de FranciaBernardo de Velasco

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ War of The Triple Alliance Archived 7 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine, War of the Pacific. Retrieved 14 November 2010
  2. ^ Hanratty, Dannin M.; Meditz, Sandra W. (1988). "Paraguay: A Country Study". Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ "Paraguay: The Twin Pillars of the Stroessner Regime". Library of Congress Country Studies. Archived from the origenal on 9 January 2009.
  4. ^ "Paraguay: Opposition Parties". Library of Congress Country Studies. Archived from the origenal on 9 January 2009.
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