Element chimic
Un element chimic al è une sostance fate dome di un tip di atoms. Ogni element chimic al à un so numar atomic (Z).
I elements a vegnin classificâts inte tabele periodiche.
Su la Tiere si cjatin 91 elements, dal idrogjen al urani (fûr che il tecnezi e il promezi). Altris 26 elements a son stâts creâts in laboratori. Il plui pesant al è l'Ununocti cul pês atomic di 118. L'Ununsepti, di pês 117, nol è mai stât creât ancje se si ipotize che al podedi esisti.
Tabele dai elements ordenâts par numar atomic
[cambie | modifiche il codiç]| N | Element | Simbul | Pês atomic | Configurazion eletroniche |
EI1 (eV) | AE (eV) | Χ (Pauling) | An di scuvierte |
| 1 | Idrogjen | H | 1,0079 | 1s | 13,59844 | 0,754 | 2,1 | 1766 |
| 2 | Eli | He | 4,0026 | 1s2 | 24,58741 | − 0,5 | - | 1895 |
| 3 | Liti | Li | 6,941 | [He]2s | 5,39172 | 0,618 | 1,0 | 1817 |
| 4 | Berili | Be | 9,0122 | [He]2s2 | 9,32263 | − 0,5 | 1,5 | 1797 |
| 5 | Bôr | B | 10,81 | [He]2s22p | 8,29803 | 0,277 | 2,0 | 1808 |
| 6 | Carboni | C | 12,011 | [He]2s22p2 | 11,26030 | 1,263 | 2,5 | antichitât |
| 7 | Azôt | N | 14.0067 | [He]2s22p3 | 14,53414 | − 0,07 | 3,0 | 1772 |
| 8 | Ossigjen | O | 15,9994 | [He]2s22p4 | 13,61806 | 1,461 | 3,5 | 1774 |
| 9 | Fluôr | F | 18,9984 | [He]2s22p5 | 17,42282 | 3,399 | 4,0 | 1886 |
| 10 | Neon | Ne | 20,179 | [He]2s22p6 | 21,56454 | − 1,2 | - | 1898 |
| 11 | Sodi | Na | 22,98977 | [Ne]3s | 5,13908 | 0,548 | 0,9 | 1807 |
| 12 | Magnesi | Mg | 24,305 | [Ne]3s2 | 7,64624 | − 0,4 | 1,2 | 1808 |
| 13 | Alumini | Al | 26,9815 | [Ne]3s23p | 5,98577 | 0,441 | 1,5 | 1825 |
| 14 | Silici | Si | 28,0855 | [Ne]3s23p2 | 8,15169 | 1,385 | 1,8 | 1824 |
| 15 | Fosfar | P | 30,9738 | [Ne]3s23p3 | 10,48669 | 0,747 | 2,1 | 1669 |
| 16 | Solfar | S | 32,06 | [Ne]3s23p4 | 10,36001 | 2,077 | 2,5 | antichitât |
| 17 | Clôr | Cl | 35,453 | [Ne]3s23p5 | 12,96764 | 3,617 | 3,0 | 1774 |
| 18 | Argon | Ar | 39,948 | [Ne]3s23p6 | 15,759 | − 1,0 | - | 1894 |
| 19 | Potassi | K | 39,0983 | [Ar]4s | 4,34066 | 0,502 | 0,8 | 1807 |
| 20 | Calci | Ca | 40,08 | [Ar]4s2 | 6,11316 | −0,3 | 1,0 | 1808 |
| 21 | Scandi | Sc | 44,9559 | [Ar]3d4s2 | 6,56144 | 0,188 | 1,3 | 1879 |
| 22 | Titani | Ti | 47,88 | [Ar]3d24s2 | 6,8282 | 0,079 | 1,5 | 1791 |
| 23 | Vanadi | V | 50,9415 | [Ar]3d34s2 | 6,746 | 0,524 | 1,6 | 1830 |
| 24 | Crom | Cr | 51,996 | [Ar]3d54s | 6,76664 | 0,666 | 1,6 | 1798 |
| 25 | Manganês | Mn | 54,9380 | [Ar]3d54s2 | 7,43402 | 0 | 1,5 | 1774 |
| 26 | Fier | Fe | 55,847 | [Ar]3d64s2 | 7,9024 | 0,163 | 1,8 | antichità |
| 27 | Cobalt | Co | 58,9332 | [Ar]3d74s2 | 7,8810 | 0,660 | 1,9 | 1737 |
| 28 | Nichel | Ni | 58,69 | [Ar]3d84s2 | 7,6398 | 1,161 | 1,9 | 1751 |
| 29 | Ram | Cu | 63,546 | [Ar]3d104s | 7,72638 | 1,227 | 1,9 | antichità |
| 30 | Zinc | Zn | 65.38 | [Ar]3d104s2 | 9,3940 | 0 | 1,6 | XV secul |
| 31 | Gali | Ga | 69,72 | [Ar]3d104s24p | 5,99930 | 0,300 | 1,6 | 1875 |
| 32 | Gjermani | Ge | 72,59 | [Ar]3d104s24p2 | 7,899 | 1,233 | 1,8 | 1886 |
| 33 | Arsenic | As | 74,9216 | [Ar]3d104s24p3 | 9,8152 | 0,808 | 2,0 | XV secul |
| 34 | Seleni | Se | 78,96 | [Ar]3d104s24p4 | 9,75238 | 2,021 | 2,4 | 1818 |
| 35 | Brom | Br | 79,904 | [Ar]3d104s24p5 | 11,81381 | 3,365 | 2,8 | 1826 |
| 36 | Cripton | Kr | 83,80 | [Ar]3d104s24p6 | 13.99961 | − 1,0 | - | 1898 |
| 37 | Rubidi | Rb | 85,4678 | [Kr]5s | 4,17713 | 0,486 | 0,8 | 1860 |
| 38 | Stronzi | Sr | 87,62 | [Kr]5s2 | 5,69484 | 0 | 1,0 | 1808 |
| 39 | Itri | Y | 88,9059 | [Kr]4d5s2 | 6,217 | 0,307 | 1,2 | 1794 |
| 40 | Zirconi | Zr | 91.224 | [Kr]4d25s2 | 6,63390 | 0,426 | 1,4 | 1789 |
| 41 | Niobi | Nb | 92,9064 | [Kr]4d35s2 | 6,75885 | 0,892 | 1,6 | 1801 |
| 42 | Molibden | Mo | 95,94 | [Kr]4d55s | 7,09243 | 0,745 | 1,8 | 1782 |
| 43 | Tecnezi | Tc | (98) | [Kr]4d55s2 | 7,28 | 0,549 | 1,9 | 1939 |
| 44 | Ruteni | Ru | 101,9055 | [Kr]4d65s2 | 7,36050 | 1,050 | 2,2 | 1844 |
| 45 | Rodi | Rh | 102,9055 | [Kr]4d75s2 | 7,45890 | 1,137 | 2,2 | 1803 |
| 46 | Paladi | Pd | 106,42 | [Kr]4d105s0 | 8,3369 | 0,557 | 2,2 | 1803 |
| 47 | Arint | Ag | 107,868 | [Kr]4d105s | 7,57624 | 1,302 | 1,9 | antichità |
| 48 | Cadmi | Cd | 112,41 | [Kr]4d105s2 | 8,9937 | 0 | 1,7 | 1817 |
| 49 | Indi | In | 114,82 | [Kr]4d105s25p | 5,78636 | 0,300 | 1,7 | 1863 |
| 50 | Stagn | Sn | 118,71 | [Kr]4d105s25p2 | 7,34381 | 1,112 | 1,8 | antichitât |
| 51 | Antimoni | Sb | 121,75 | [Kr]4d105s25p3 | 8,64 | 1,070 | 1,9 | XV secul |
| 52 | Teluri | Te | 127,60 | [Kr]4d105s25p4 | 9,0096 | 1,971 | 2,1 | 1783 |
| 53 | Jodi | I | 126,9045 | [Kr]4d105s25p5 | 10,45126 | 3,060 | 2,5 | 1811 |
| 54 | Xenon | Xe | 131,29 | [Kr]4d105s25p6 | 12,12987 | 0 | - | 1898 |
| 55 | Cesi | Cs | 132,9054 | [Xe]6s | 3,89390 | 0,472 | 0,7 | 1860 |
| 56 | Bari | Ba | 137,33 | [Xe]6s2 | 5,21170 | 0 | 0,9 | 1808 |
| 57 | Lantani | La | 138,9055 | [Xe]5d6s2 | 5,5770 | 0,470 | 1,1 | 1839 |
| 58 | Ceri | Ce | 140,12 | [Xe]4f5d6s2 | 5,5387 | 0,955 | 1,1 | 1803 |
| 59 | Praseodimi | Pr | 140,9077 | [Xe]4f36s2 | 5,464 | < 0,518 | 1,1 | 1885 |
| 60 | Neodimi | Nd | 144,24 | [Xe]4f46s2 | 5,5250 | < 0,518 | 1,2 | 1885 |
| 61 | Prometi | Pm | (145) | [Xe]4f56s2 | 5,55 | < 0,518 | 1,2 | 1945 |
| 62 | Samari | Sm | 150,36 | [Xe]4f66s2 | 5,6437 | < 0,518 | 1,2 | 1880 |
| 63 | Europi | Eu | 151,96 | [Xe]4f76s2 | 5,6704 | < 0,518 | 1,1 | 1901 |
| 64 | Gadolini | Gd | 157,25 | [Xe]4f75d6s2 | 6,1502 | < 0,518 | 1,1 | 1880 |
| 65 | Terbi | Tb | 158,9254 | [Xe]4f96s2 | 5,8639 | < 0,518 | 1,2 | 1843 |
| 66 | Disprosi | Dy | 162,50 | [Xe]4f106s2 | 5,939 | < 0,518 | 1,2 | 1886 |
| 67 | Olmi | Ho | 164,9304 | [Xe]4f116s2 | 6,0216 | < 0,518 | 1,2 | 1879 |
| 68 | Erbi | Er | 167,26 | [Xe]4f126s2 | 6,1078 | < 0,518 | 1,2 | 1843 |
| 69 | Tuli | Tm | 168,9342 | [Xe]4f136s2 | 6,18431 | 1,029 | 1,2 | 1879 |
| 70 | Iterbi | Yb | 173,04 | [Xe]4f146s2 | 6,25416 | < 0,518 | 1,1 | 1879 |
| 71 | Lutezi | Lu | 174,967 | [Xe]4f145d6s2 | 5,426 | 0,52 | 1,2 | 1907 |
| 72 | Afni | Hf | 178,49 | [Xe]4f145d26s2 | 6,82507 | 0 | 1,3 | 1923 |
| 73 | Tantali | Ta | 180,9479 | [Xe]4f145d36s2 | 7,89 | 0,32 | 1,5 | 1802 |
| 74 | Tungsten | W | 183,85 | [Xe]4f145d66s | 7,98 | 0,815 | 1,7 | 1783 |
| 75 | Reni | Re | 186,207 | [Xe]4f145d56s2 | 7,88 | 0,150 | 1,9 | 1925 |
| 76 | Osmi | Os | 190,2 | [Xe]4f145d66s2 | 8,7 | 1,100 | 2,2 | 1804 |
| 77 | Iridi | Ir | 192,22 | [Xe]4f145d76s2 | 9,1 | 1,565 | 2,2 | 1804 |
| 78 | Platin | Pt | 195,08 | [Xe]4f145d106s0 | 9,0 | 2,128 | 2,2 | 1748 |
| 79 | Aur | Au | 196,9665 | [Xe]4f145d106s | 9,22567 | 2,309 | 2,4 | antichitât |
| 80 | Mercuri | Hg | 200,59 | [Xe]4f145d106s2 | 10,43750 | 0 | 1,9 | antichitât |
| 81 | Tali | Tl | 204,383 | [Xe]4f145d106s26p | 6,10829 | 0,199 | 1,8 | 1861 |
| 82 | Plomp | Pb | 207,2 | [Xe]4f145d106s26p2 | 7,4167 | 0,364 | 1,9 | antichitât |
| 83 | Bismût | Bi | 208,9804 | [Xe]4f145d106s26p3 | 7,2855 | 0,945 | 1,9 | 1753 |
| 84 | Poloni | Po | (209) | [Xe]4f145d106s26p4 | 8,41671 | 1,900 | 2,0 | 1898 |
| 85 | Astat | At | (210) | [Xe]4f145d106s26p5 | 9,2 | 2,799 | 2,2 | 1940 |
| 86 | Radon | Rn | (222) | [Xe]4f145d106s26p6 | 10,74850 | 0 | - | 1900 |
| 87 | Franci | Fr | (223) | [Rn]7s | 4,0712 | n.d. | 0,7 | 1939 |
| 88 | Radi | Ra | 226,0254 | [Rn]7s2 | 5,27892 | n.d. | 0,9 | 1898 |
| 89 | Atini | Ac | 227.028 | [Rn]6d7s2 | 5,17 | n.d. | 1,1 | 1899 |
| 90 | Tori | Th | 232,0381 | [Rn]6d26s2 | 6,308 | n.d. | 1,3 | 1828 |
| 91 | Protoatini | Pa | 231,0359 | [Rn]5f26d7s2 | 5,89 | n.d. | 1,4 | 1917 |
| 92 | Urani | U | 238,0289 | [Rn]5f36d7s2 | 6,19405 | n.d. | 1,4 | 1789 |
| 93 | Netuni | Np | 237,0482 | [Rn]5f46d7s2 | 6,2655 | n.d. | 1,4 | 1940 |
| 94 | Plutoni | Pu | (244) | [Rn]5f66s2 | 6,0262 | n.d. | 1,3 | 1940 |
| 95 | Americi | Am | (243) | [Rn]5f77s2 | 5,9738 | n.d. | 1,3 | 1944 |
| 96 | Curi | Cm | (247) | [Rn]5f76d7s2 | 6,02 | n.d. | 1,3 | 1944 |
| 97 | Berkeli | Bk | (247) | [Rn]5f97s2 | 6,229 | n.d. | 1,3 | 1949 |
| 98 | Californi | Cf | (251) | [Rn]5f107s2 | 6,30 | n.d. | 1,3 | 1950 |
| 99 | Einsteini | Es | (252) | [Rn]5f117s2 | 6,422 | n.d. | 1,3 | 1954 |
| 100 | Fermi | Fm | (257) | [Rn]5f127s2 | 6,50 | n.d. | 1,3 | 1954 |
| 101 | Mendelevi | Md | (258) | [Rn]5f137s2 | 6,58 | n.d. | 1,3 | 1955 |
| 102 | Nobeli | No | (259) | [Rn]5f147s2 | 6,65 | n.d. | 1,3 | 1958 |
| 103 | Laurenzi | Lr | (260) | [Rn]5f146d7s2 | n.d. | n.d. | 1,3 | 1961 |
| 104 | Rutherfordi | Rf | (261) | [Rn]5f146d27s2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1968 |
| 105 | Dubni | Db | (262) | [Rn]5f146d37s2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1970 |
| 106 | Seaborgi | Sg | (266) | [Rn]5f146d47s2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1974 |
| 107 | Bohri | Bh | (264) | [Rn]5f146d57s2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1981 |
| 108 | Hassi | Hs | (269) | [Rn]5f146d67s2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1984 |
| 109 | Meitneri | Mt | (268) | [Rn]5f146d77s2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1982 |
| 110 | Darmstadti | Ds | (269) | [Rn]5f146d97s | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1994 |
| 111 | Roentgeni | Rg | (272) | [Rn]5f146d107s | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1994 |
| 112 | Ununbi | Uub | (277) | [Rn]5f146d107s2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1996 |
| 113 | Ununtri | Uut | (284) | [Rn]5f146d107s27p | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 2004 |
| 114 | Ununquadi | Uuq | (289) | [Rn]5f146d107s27p2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1999 |
| 115 | Ununpenti | Uup | (288) | [Rn]5f146d107s27p3 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 2004 |
| 116 | Ununhexi | Uuh | (292) | [Rn]5f146d107s27p4 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 2000 |
| 117 | Ununsepti | Uus | (310) | [Rn]5f146d107s27p5 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.a.s. |
| 118 | Ununocti | Uuo | (314) | [Rn]5f146d107s27p6 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1999 |