648. Replace Words

题目

In English, we have a concept called root, which can be followed by some other words to form another longer word - let's call this word successor. For example, the root an, followed by other, which can form another word another.

Now, given a dictionary consisting of many roots and a sentence. You need to replace all the successor in the sentence with the root forming it. If a successor has many roots can form it, replace it with the root with the shortest length.

You need to output the sentence after the replacement.

Example 1:

Input: dict = ["cat", "bat", "rat"]
sentence = "the cattle was rattled by the battery"
Output: "the cat was rat by the bat"

Note:

The input will only have lower-case letters.
1 <= dict words number <= 1000
1 <= sentence words number <= 1000
1 <= root length <= 100
1 <= sentence words length <= 1000

题目大意

在英语中，我们有一个叫做词根(root)的概念，它可以跟着其他一些词组成另一个较长的单词——我们称这个词为继承词(successor)。例如，词根an，跟随着单词 other(其他)，可以形成新的单词 another(另一个)。

现在，给定一个由许多词根组成的词典和一个句子。你需要将句子中的所有继承词用词根替换掉。如果继承词有许多可以形成它的词根，则用最短的词根替换它。要求输出替换之后的句子。

解题思路

给出一个句子和一个可替换字符串的数组，如果句子中的单词和可替换列表里面的单词，有相同的首字母，那么就把句子中的单词替换成可替换列表里面的单词。输入最后替换完成的句子。
这一题有 2 种解题思路，第一种就是单纯的用 Map 查找。第二种是用 Trie 去替换。

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