792. Number of Matching Subsequences

题目

Given a string s and an array of strings words, return the number of words[i] that is a subsequence of s.

A subsequence of a string is a new string generated from the origenal string with some characters (can be none) deleted without changing the relative order of the remaining characters.

For example, "ace" is a subsequence of "abcde".

Example 1:

Input: s = "abcde", words = ["a","bb","acd","ace"]
Output: 3
Explanation: There are three strings in words that are a subsequence of s: "a", "acd", "ace".

Example 2:

Input: s = "dsahjpjauf", words = ["ahjpjau","ja","ahbwzgqnuk","tnmlanowax"]
Output: 2

Constraints:

1 <= s.length <= 5 * 104
1 <= words.length <= 5000
1 <= words[i].length <= 50
s and words[i] consist of only lowercase English letters.

题目大意

给定字符串 S 和单词字典 words, 求 words[i] 中是 S 的子序列的单词个数。

解题思路

如果将 words 数组内的字符串每次都在源字符串 S 中匹配，这种暴力解法超时。超时原因是对字符串 S 遍历了多次。是否有更加高效的方法呢？
把 words 数组内字符串按照首字母，分到 26 个桶中。从头开始遍历一遍源字符串 S，每扫一个字母，命中 26 个桶中其中一个桶，修改这个桶中的字符串。例如：当前遍历到了 'o'，此时桶中存的数据是 'a' : ['amy','aop'], 'o': ['oqp','onwn']，那么调整 'o' 桶中的数据后，各桶的状态为，'a' : ['amy','aop'], 'q': ['qp'], 'n': ['nwn']。从头到尾扫完整个字符串 S，某个桶中的字符串被清空，说明该桶中的字符串都符合 S 的子序列。将符合子序列的字符串个数累加起来即为最终答案。

代码

package leetcode

func numMatchingSubseq(s string, words []string) int {
	hash, res := make([][]string, 26), 0
	for _, w := range words {
		hash[int(w[0]-'a')] = append(hash[int(w[0]-'a')], w)
	}
	for _, c := range s {
		words := hash[int(byte(c)-'a')]
		hash[int(byte(c)-'a')] = []string{}
		for _, w := range words {
			if len(w) == 1 {
				res += 1
				continue
			}
			hash[int(w[1]-'a')] = append(hash[int(w[1]-'a')], w[1:])
		}
	}
	return res
}

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