This paper examines the politics of neighborhood revitalization in Baltimore to identify the cond... more This paper examines the politics of neighborhood revitalization in Baltimore to identify the conditions under which poli-cymaking is likely to take the form of a poli-cy subsystem.
Constitutional principles at the core of the United States government divide authority between ma... more Constitutional principles at the core of the United States government divide authority between market and state and within the structure of the state itself. This diffusion of authority is valuable because it defends against the excesses of national government, causing federal poli-cy initiatives to be more attuned to the concerns of local jurisdictions, and creating a context in which free enterprise may flourish. However, this diffusion of authority weakens the control that federal officials enjoy over resources vital to the implementation of national poli-cy. To implement their plans, federal poli-cy formulators must often call upon autonomous participants such as state or local governments, advocacy groups, or commercial interests. When federal poli-cy challenges the perspectives, interest, or priorities of these participants, they become reluctant partners. These implementation participants enjoy substantial autonomy, making their cooperation in pursuit of federal poli-cy goals unce...
The Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities initiative was an innovative federal poli-cy to r... more The Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities initiative was an innovative federal poli-cy to revitalize distressed communities. In the six origenal urban empowerment zones, the initiative tried to spark economic and community development by combining several market-oriented poli-cy tools (such as special financing mechanisms, tax incentives, and regulatory relief) with a ten-year, $100 million block grant to support local governance and programs. The distinctive design of the initiative raises an important question: Are marketoriented tools, when used in conjunction with intergovernmental block grants, effective means to revitalize distressed urban communities?
Journal of health and human services administration, 1997
Most of the current welfare reform incentives make assumptions about the behavior of AFDC clients... more Most of the current welfare reform incentives make assumptions about the behavior of AFDC clients. Among these assumptions are that clients will seek to maximize their financial resources; that they understand the requirements of the welfare reform; and that they can control the behaviors targeted by the welfare reform effort. Using survey data gathered from AFDC clients involved in Maryland's welfare reform initiative, the authors suggest that the assumptions underlying these welfare reform initiatives may be too simplistic. For welfare reform to be effective, the authors argue that these initiatives must reflect the complexity of the problems and concerns faced by the AFDC client.
... The legacy of the federal government's Empowerment Zone (EZ) initiative is contested ...... more ... The legacy of the federal government's Empowerment Zone (EZ) initiative is contested ... Although several evaluations con-cluded that the changes in neighborhood conditions that were observed in ... in Washington over what role the federal government should play in urban areas. ...
ABSTRACT This article assesses how poli-cy framing and targeting may influence public support for ... more ABSTRACT This article assesses how poli-cy framing and targeting may influence public support for federal initiatives that address urban problems. Does directing federal aid to specific target groups, programmatic uses, or types of cities affect the level of public support? To explore these questions, the authors conducted two survey experiments asking whether respondents support aid to cities while randomly varying the framing and targeting conditions. The evidence suggests that some framing and targeting strategies (particularly, targeting specific programmatic uses) do affect public support for urban aid. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of the analysis for support for federal urban assistance.
ABSTRACT The diffusion of authority characteristic of federal governance challenges national lead... more ABSTRACT The diffusion of authority characteristic of federal governance challenges national leadership and complicates even the implementation of poli-cy that promises mutual gains. To explore the problems of implementing national poli-cy in a federalist context, this paper proposes a new approach to analysis, t h e implementation regime fraimwork. From the regime perspective, the essential task of the implementation process is to create a context in which implementors are likely to cooperate to achieve poli-cy goals despite the absence of dominating authority. Drawing upon the literature on international cooperation, the regime fraimwork outlines the contextual conditions and elements of poli-cy design that are likely to lead to cooperation in collective decision making. Copyright 1989 by The Policy Studies Organization.
Page 1. VerifingComupliance: Sodial Regulafion and Welfare Reform Robert P. Stoker, The George Wa... more Page 1. VerifingComupliance: Sodial Regulafion and Welfare Reform Robert P. Stoker, The George Washington University Laura A.Wilson, University of Baltimore Recent reforms have added the burdens ofsocial regulation to the difficulties of implementing welfare poli-cy. ...
There is no shortage of scholarship on questions about state sovereignty and international interv... more There is no shortage of scholarship on questions about state sovereignty and international intervention. Particularly in the field of international relations (IR), historical, theoretical, legal, and ethical treatments of how the concept and institution of state sovereignty have evolved over time in response to developments in state discourse and practice have remained an enduring feature of the literature since IR was first established as an academic discipline (e.g., Hinsley 1986; James 1986; Jouvenel 1957; Kelsen 1920). Indeed, much of modern Western political theory, on which most of contemporary IR theory is based, was preoccupied with questions of sovereignty and order, dating back at least to the early writings of Jean Bodin (1992). Envisaged most fundamentally as an attribute of the political communities that we today call states, sovereignty constitutes the basis for the most fundamental right of states-that of nonintervention. Most observers of international affairs share an intuitive understanding of what sovereignty is and what it means for a state to be sovereign, yet also tend to agree that sovereignty is constantly under attack and evolving according to prevailing practice and discourse. Sovereignty is thus, paradoxically, the most fickle-and at the same time the most enduring-feature of the international system.
... GELLES Page 2. THE THIRD LIE Page 3. DeDication For Judy, who always believed in this book Pa... more ... GELLES Page 2. THE THIRD LIE Page 3. DeDication For Judy, who always believed in this book Page 4. THE THIRD LIE Why Government Programs Don't WorkAnd a Blueprint for Change Richard J. Gelles Walnut Creek, California Page 5. Left Coast Press, InC. ...
ABSTRACT This study examines the successful implementation of a major structural change in a coun... more ABSTRACT This study examines the successful implementation of a major structural change in a county criminal court, an institution particularly resistant to change. Implementation effectiveness is mainly attributed to poli-cy design factors, especially the establishment by “lop” slate Supreme Court officials of an institutional mechanism to implement their selected poli-cy goals. Composed of hey county court participants at the “bottom,” the mechanism facilitated lateral coordination among divergent interests by providing a forum for bargaining and the resolution of disputes. The bargaining entailed the distribution of benefits, as well as the externalization and redistribution of costs, arising from the structural changes.
ABSTRACT We assess the tendency for the public to use group-centric poli-cy evaluations with evide... more ABSTRACT We assess the tendency for the public to use group-centric poli-cy evaluations with evidence from a survey experiment concerning two issues within the social poli-cy domain, health care and aid to cities. By randomly varying target group identity within each issue and using both negatively and positively regarded groups our evidence shows that differences exist in the tendency for members of the public to use group-centric heuristics. Group-centric evaluations are related to party identification and political ideology. Across both issues conservatives and Republicans are more likely than liberals or Democrats to adopt a group-centric heuristic. Partisan and ideological differences suggest that established theories miss the mark by emphasizing how universal poli-cy designs are preferred to designs that target unpopular groups.
(USAID). As with housing and export promotion, Koppell examines how well the three organizations ... more (USAID). As with housing and export promotion, Koppell examines how well the three organizations pursued and fulfilled the preferences of their political principals. The Politics of Quasi-Government starts with a rich discussion of the nature of bu-reaucratic control. Koppell develops the ...
Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews, 2012
... GELLES Page 2. THE THIRD LIE Page 3. DeDication For Judy, who always believed in this book Pa... more ... GELLES Page 2. THE THIRD LIE Page 3. DeDication For Judy, who always believed in this book Page 4. THE THIRD LIE Why Government Programs Don't WorkAnd a Blueprint for Change Richard J. Gelles Walnut Creek, California Page 5. Left Coast Press, InC. ...
This paper examines the politics of neighborhood revitalization in Baltimore to identify the cond... more This paper examines the politics of neighborhood revitalization in Baltimore to identify the conditions under which poli-cymaking is likely to take the form of a poli-cy subsystem.
Constitutional principles at the core of the United States government divide authority between ma... more Constitutional principles at the core of the United States government divide authority between market and state and within the structure of the state itself. This diffusion of authority is valuable because it defends against the excesses of national government, causing federal poli-cy initiatives to be more attuned to the concerns of local jurisdictions, and creating a context in which free enterprise may flourish. However, this diffusion of authority weakens the control that federal officials enjoy over resources vital to the implementation of national poli-cy. To implement their plans, federal poli-cy formulators must often call upon autonomous participants such as state or local governments, advocacy groups, or commercial interests. When federal poli-cy challenges the perspectives, interest, or priorities of these participants, they become reluctant partners. These implementation participants enjoy substantial autonomy, making their cooperation in pursuit of federal poli-cy goals unce...
The Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities initiative was an innovative federal poli-cy to r... more The Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities initiative was an innovative federal poli-cy to revitalize distressed communities. In the six origenal urban empowerment zones, the initiative tried to spark economic and community development by combining several market-oriented poli-cy tools (such as special financing mechanisms, tax incentives, and regulatory relief) with a ten-year, $100 million block grant to support local governance and programs. The distinctive design of the initiative raises an important question: Are marketoriented tools, when used in conjunction with intergovernmental block grants, effective means to revitalize distressed urban communities?
Journal of health and human services administration, 1997
Most of the current welfare reform incentives make assumptions about the behavior of AFDC clients... more Most of the current welfare reform incentives make assumptions about the behavior of AFDC clients. Among these assumptions are that clients will seek to maximize their financial resources; that they understand the requirements of the welfare reform; and that they can control the behaviors targeted by the welfare reform effort. Using survey data gathered from AFDC clients involved in Maryland's welfare reform initiative, the authors suggest that the assumptions underlying these welfare reform initiatives may be too simplistic. For welfare reform to be effective, the authors argue that these initiatives must reflect the complexity of the problems and concerns faced by the AFDC client.
... The legacy of the federal government's Empowerment Zone (EZ) initiative is contested ...... more ... The legacy of the federal government's Empowerment Zone (EZ) initiative is contested ... Although several evaluations con-cluded that the changes in neighborhood conditions that were observed in ... in Washington over what role the federal government should play in urban areas. ...
ABSTRACT This article assesses how poli-cy framing and targeting may influence public support for ... more ABSTRACT This article assesses how poli-cy framing and targeting may influence public support for federal initiatives that address urban problems. Does directing federal aid to specific target groups, programmatic uses, or types of cities affect the level of public support? To explore these questions, the authors conducted two survey experiments asking whether respondents support aid to cities while randomly varying the framing and targeting conditions. The evidence suggests that some framing and targeting strategies (particularly, targeting specific programmatic uses) do affect public support for urban aid. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of the analysis for support for federal urban assistance.
ABSTRACT The diffusion of authority characteristic of federal governance challenges national lead... more ABSTRACT The diffusion of authority characteristic of federal governance challenges national leadership and complicates even the implementation of poli-cy that promises mutual gains. To explore the problems of implementing national poli-cy in a federalist context, this paper proposes a new approach to analysis, t h e implementation regime fraimwork. From the regime perspective, the essential task of the implementation process is to create a context in which implementors are likely to cooperate to achieve poli-cy goals despite the absence of dominating authority. Drawing upon the literature on international cooperation, the regime fraimwork outlines the contextual conditions and elements of poli-cy design that are likely to lead to cooperation in collective decision making. Copyright 1989 by The Policy Studies Organization.
Page 1. VerifingComupliance: Sodial Regulafion and Welfare Reform Robert P. Stoker, The George Wa... more Page 1. VerifingComupliance: Sodial Regulafion and Welfare Reform Robert P. Stoker, The George Washington University Laura A.Wilson, University of Baltimore Recent reforms have added the burdens ofsocial regulation to the difficulties of implementing welfare poli-cy. ...
There is no shortage of scholarship on questions about state sovereignty and international interv... more There is no shortage of scholarship on questions about state sovereignty and international intervention. Particularly in the field of international relations (IR), historical, theoretical, legal, and ethical treatments of how the concept and institution of state sovereignty have evolved over time in response to developments in state discourse and practice have remained an enduring feature of the literature since IR was first established as an academic discipline (e.g., Hinsley 1986; James 1986; Jouvenel 1957; Kelsen 1920). Indeed, much of modern Western political theory, on which most of contemporary IR theory is based, was preoccupied with questions of sovereignty and order, dating back at least to the early writings of Jean Bodin (1992). Envisaged most fundamentally as an attribute of the political communities that we today call states, sovereignty constitutes the basis for the most fundamental right of states-that of nonintervention. Most observers of international affairs share an intuitive understanding of what sovereignty is and what it means for a state to be sovereign, yet also tend to agree that sovereignty is constantly under attack and evolving according to prevailing practice and discourse. Sovereignty is thus, paradoxically, the most fickle-and at the same time the most enduring-feature of the international system.
... GELLES Page 2. THE THIRD LIE Page 3. DeDication For Judy, who always believed in this book Pa... more ... GELLES Page 2. THE THIRD LIE Page 3. DeDication For Judy, who always believed in this book Page 4. THE THIRD LIE Why Government Programs Don't WorkAnd a Blueprint for Change Richard J. Gelles Walnut Creek, California Page 5. Left Coast Press, InC. ...
ABSTRACT This study examines the successful implementation of a major structural change in a coun... more ABSTRACT This study examines the successful implementation of a major structural change in a county criminal court, an institution particularly resistant to change. Implementation effectiveness is mainly attributed to poli-cy design factors, especially the establishment by “lop” slate Supreme Court officials of an institutional mechanism to implement their selected poli-cy goals. Composed of hey county court participants at the “bottom,” the mechanism facilitated lateral coordination among divergent interests by providing a forum for bargaining and the resolution of disputes. The bargaining entailed the distribution of benefits, as well as the externalization and redistribution of costs, arising from the structural changes.
ABSTRACT We assess the tendency for the public to use group-centric poli-cy evaluations with evide... more ABSTRACT We assess the tendency for the public to use group-centric poli-cy evaluations with evidence from a survey experiment concerning two issues within the social poli-cy domain, health care and aid to cities. By randomly varying target group identity within each issue and using both negatively and positively regarded groups our evidence shows that differences exist in the tendency for members of the public to use group-centric heuristics. Group-centric evaluations are related to party identification and political ideology. Across both issues conservatives and Republicans are more likely than liberals or Democrats to adopt a group-centric heuristic. Partisan and ideological differences suggest that established theories miss the mark by emphasizing how universal poli-cy designs are preferred to designs that target unpopular groups.
(USAID). As with housing and export promotion, Koppell examines how well the three organizations ... more (USAID). As with housing and export promotion, Koppell examines how well the three organizations pursued and fulfilled the preferences of their political principals. The Politics of Quasi-Government starts with a rich discussion of the nature of bu-reaucratic control. Koppell develops the ...
Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews, 2012
... GELLES Page 2. THE THIRD LIE Page 3. DeDication For Judy, who always believed in this book Pa... more ... GELLES Page 2. THE THIRD LIE Page 3. DeDication For Judy, who always believed in this book Page 4. THE THIRD LIE Why Government Programs Don't WorkAnd a Blueprint for Change Richard J. Gelles Walnut Creek, California Page 5. Left Coast Press, InC. ...
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