Ge'ez language
Geʽez (/ˈɡiːɛz/; ግዕዝ, Gəʿəz IPA: [ˈɡɨ́́́́̀̀̀̀] (na-ege ntị), na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya n'akwụkwọ ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka Classical Ethiopic) bụ asụsụ Semitic nke oge ochie nke Etiopia.[1] Asụsụ a sitere n'ebe ugwu Etiopia na Eritrea ugbu a.
Taa, a na-eji Geʽez eme ihe dị ka asụsụ liturgical bụ isi nke Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church na Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church, Ethiopian Catholic Church na Eritrian Catholic Church, na ndi obodo ndị Juu Beta Israel.
Asụsụ ndị dịkwa nso na Geʽez bụ Tigre na Tigrinya, na-enwe ọdịdị okwu na 71% na 68%, n'otu n'otu.[2] Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ kwenye kwara na Geʽez abụghị nna nna nke asụsụ Ethio-Semitic nke oge a mana ọ ghọrọ asụsụ dị iche na mbido site na asụsụ ọzọ a na-ejighị n'aka.[3][4][5]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- a //æ// ma ọ bụ /ɐ/ (dị ka ọ dị na Tigrinya) < Proto-Semitic *a
- u //u// < Proto-Semitic *ū
- i //i// < Proto-Semitic *ī
- ā //aː// < Proto-Semitic *ā; mgbe e mesịrị a
- e //e// < Proto-Semitic *ay
- ə //ɨ// < Proto-Semitic *i, *u
- o //o// < Proto-Semitic *aw
Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] | h | l | ḥ | m | ś | r | s | q | b | t | ḫ | n | ʾ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geʽez | ሀ | ለ | ሐ | መ | ሠ | ረ | ሰ | ቀ | በ | ተ | ኀ | ነ | አ |
| [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] | k | w | ʿ | z | y | d | g | ṭ | p̣ | ṣ | ḍ | f | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geʽez | ከ | ወ | ዐ | ዘ | የ | ደ | ገ | ጠ | ጰ | ጸ | ፀ | ፈ | ፐ |
N'ihi na ndị buru ibu anaghịzi asụ Geʽez na ndụ kwa ụbọchị, a maghị otú e si akpọpụta ụdaume ụfọdụ. Gragg (1997:244) dere "Mmekọrịta ndị kwekọrọ na graphemes ś (Geʽez ሠ) na ḍ (Geʽiz ፀ) agwakọtawo na ሰ na ጸ n'otu n'otu na usoro ụdaume nke a na-anọchite anya site na ịkpọpụta ọdịnala na n'ezie na Semitic Etiopia nke oge a. ... Otú ọ dị, enweghị ihe akaebe ma ọ bụ n'ọdịnala ma ọ bụ na Semitic nke Etiopia [maka] uru ụdaume ndị a nwere ike inwe na Geʽez. "
A na-ahụ nsogbu yiri nke ahụ maka ụdaume transliterated ː. Gragg (1997:245) na-ekwu na ọ kwekọrọ na etymology na velar ma ọ bụ uvular fricatives n'asụsụ Semitic ndị ọzọ, mana a na-akpọ ya otu ihe ahụ dị ka ḥ na ịkpọpụta ọdịnala. Ọ bụ ezie na ojiji nke mkpụrụedemede dị iche na-egosi na ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ nwere ụfọdụ pronunciation ọzọ, ihe pronunciation ahụ bụ ejighị n'aka. Chaatị dị n'okpuru na-edepụta //ɬ// na //ɬʼ// dị ka ụkpụrụ nwere ike ịbụ maka ś (ሠ) na ḍ (ፀ) n'otu n'otu. Ọ na-edekwa //χ// dị ka uru nwere ike ịbụ maka ː (ኀ). Ụkpụrụ ndị a bụ nnwale, mana dabere na ụdaume Proto-Semitic e wughachiri nke ha sitere na ya.
- ↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
- ↑ Thompson, E. D. 1976.
- ↑ Connell (2010). Historical Dictionary of Eritrea, 2nd, illustrated, Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7505-0.
- ↑ Haarmann (2002). Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen, 2nd (in de), C.H. Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-47596-2.
- ↑ Amsalu Aklilu, Kuraz Publishing Agency, ጥሩ የአማርኛ ድርሰት እንዴት ያለ ነው! p. 42