The textile industry has an enormous demand for energy and water. The traditional desizing method... more The textile industry has an enormous demand for energy and water. The traditional desizing method requires approximately 120 L kg–1 of water to remove size. A sustainable process has been developed using ultraviolet C for polyvinyl alcohol-based textile desizing. With the help of ultraviolet C irradiation, the cotton fabric desizing is accomplished at a lower temperature to save approximately 67% of water, 68% of time, and 83% of energy compared with conventional process without compromising the quality. The treated fabric has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction and shows no significant change in the structure of the cotton. Life cycle analysis confirms the new technique is sustainable.
Four commercially available tasar silk yarns have been characterized on the basis of physical and... more Four commercially available tasar silk yarns have been characterized on the basis of physical and mechanical properties. Machine-reeled and organzine (double-twisted) yarns show the highest and lowest value of evennessrespectively.Neps contribute maximum towards imperfectionsin comparison to thick and thin places.Though the tenacity values ofbrin are almost similar for all the yarns, the changes occur when the brins are converted into yarn. The yarns are more extensible than brins. The modulii of the brins are always higher than those of the corresponding yarns. All tasar yarns show rectangular cross-section of brin.
The present research work is the part of the feasibility study to implement non-invasive blood-gl... more The present research work is the part of the feasibility study to implement non-invasive blood-glucose sensing using microwave-based sensor. The one-port microstrip patch antenna sensor developed to exhibit variation in its electromagnetic response with respect to blood-glucose level. It has been demonstrated through in vitro controlled experiment under laboratory conditions. The novel multi-parameter-based sensitivity factor termed as GlucoSense was also defined to evaluate the sensitivity of sensor towards the change in glucose concentration. It was established that there was a good correlation between sensor’s reflection properties and glucose concentration. The findings of the controlled experiment convincingly proved that the sensor has the potential to be effectively used for developing a suitable device for non-invasive blood-glucose sensing.
Mucuna acuminata Grah. ex J.G.Baker is newly recorded for Thailand. Description and illustrations... more Mucuna acuminata Grah. ex J.G.Baker is newly recorded for Thailand. Description and illustrations are provided.
ABSTRACT This issue of Textile Progress reviews research carried out on electrically conducting p... more ABSTRACT This issue of Textile Progress reviews research carried out on electrically conducting polymers, fibres and fabrics prepared by in situ chemical, electrochemical and vapour-phase polymerisation. It provides information about various inherently conducting polymers prepared from aniline, pyrrole, thiophene and their derivatives that are often used to prepare flexible non-metallic electro-conductive textiles. Several methods for the characterisation of electro-conductive fabrics are included, namely scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, elemental disruptive X-ray analysis and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy. The role of the polymerisation process in determining the electrical properties of electro-conductive textiles is examined. The review highlights applications of flexible non-metallic conductive textiles in electro-magnetic shielding materials, heating pads, sensors and actuators.
The effects of heater temperature and contact time on the properties of textured polypropylene ya... more The effects of heater temperature and contact time on the properties of textured polypropylene yarn are reported. Increases in both contact time and heater temperature increase crimp rigidity. Enhancing the rate of cooling increases crimp rigidity consid erably, particularly when low contact times are used. Texturization reduces crystallinity of the yarn. The crystallinity is progressively reduced with the increase in contact time. The use of a coolant to rapidly quench the yarn as it emerges from the heater reduces crystallinity even further. The level of crystallinity of the textured yarn is not related to the crimp rigidity value.
The tensile behaviour of fully degummed filaments of two commercial varieties of silk produced in... more The tensile behaviour of fully degummed filaments of two commercial varieties of silk produced in India, namely mulberry (Bombyx mori) and tasar (Antheraea mylitta), has been investigated in dry and wet state. The tensile properties were correlated with the structures and morphologies of these two varieties of silk. The tenacity and elongation at break of these silks were not significantly different in dry and wet state; however, a slight reduction in initial modulus was noticed in wet state. The stress-strain behaviour of mulberry silk filament was different from that of tasar in that it demonstrated a characteristic yield point, lower modulus and elongation at break twice as high as that of mulberry. The characteristic stress-strain behaviour of theses two varieties of silk was correlated with density, birefringence, orientation index, sonic modulus and amino-acid composition. Poor orientation and less order in tasar are related to the higher percent of bulky groups present in fibroin.
An attempt bas been made to optimize the cooking conditions of tussah silk cocoon (Antheraea myli... more An attempt bas been made to optimize the cooking conditions of tussah silk cocoon (Antheraea mylitta D.) with ethylenediamine using the Box and Behnken factorial design for three variables and three levels for each variable. It is observed that the duration and temperature of treatment as well as the concentration of ethylenediamine significantly influence the cocoon shell weight loss and silk filament recovery. Silk recovery improves with the shell weight loss of up to 11.5% after which no further improvement in silk recovery is observed. The mechanical properties of tussah silk filament have very little correlation with the process parameters. For better silk recovery, the following cooking conditions are recommended: ethylenediamine, 10% on the weight of cocoon; temperature, 80·e; duration of treatment, 30 min; and meterial-to-liquor ratio, 1:30. Different races of tussah silk cocoon require adjustment in the duration of treatment. The hardness of water up to 1100 ppm has no sign...
2017 International Conference on Emerging Trends & Innovation in ICT (ICEI)
Diabetes mellitus affects millions of people worldwide. At present, the technology used by diabet... more Diabetes mellitus affects millions of people worldwide. At present, the technology used by diabetics for determining blood glucose concentration is invasive which requires a blood sample and is thus painful. Bloodless and painless technology to monitor blood glycaemic levels could improve the life of diabetes patients. This paper presents the design of microstrip sensor modeled in the form of microstrip antenna, which can be used for non invasive blood glucose monitoring. The approach followed is based on the notion that, variation in concentration of glucose in blood results in the variation in properties (dielectric) of blood which in turn results in the change in near field coupling and electromagnetic transmission of antenna. This will affect the input impedance of antenna and which in turn will affect its resonant frequency. This frequency shift can be used to observe the change in blood's permittivity and conductivity, which will be used to estimate the concentration of glucose in blood. The proposed electromagnetic sensor can be located close to the human skin at a fixed distance in order to avoid perspiration. The microstrip antennas with microstrip feed line and coaxial feed are initially designed using transmission line model and thereafter optimized and validated with simulations using CST microwave suite.
The textile industry has an enormous demand for energy and water. The traditional desizing method... more The textile industry has an enormous demand for energy and water. The traditional desizing method requires approximately 120 L kg–1 of water to remove size. A sustainable process has been developed using ultraviolet C for polyvinyl alcohol-based textile desizing. With the help of ultraviolet C irradiation, the cotton fabric desizing is accomplished at a lower temperature to save approximately 67% of water, 68% of time, and 83% of energy compared with conventional process without compromising the quality. The treated fabric has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction and shows no significant change in the structure of the cotton. Life cycle analysis confirms the new technique is sustainable.
Four commercially available tasar silk yarns have been characterized on the basis of physical and... more Four commercially available tasar silk yarns have been characterized on the basis of physical and mechanical properties. Machine-reeled and organzine (double-twisted) yarns show the highest and lowest value of evennessrespectively.Neps contribute maximum towards imperfectionsin comparison to thick and thin places.Though the tenacity values ofbrin are almost similar for all the yarns, the changes occur when the brins are converted into yarn. The yarns are more extensible than brins. The modulii of the brins are always higher than those of the corresponding yarns. All tasar yarns show rectangular cross-section of brin.
The present research work is the part of the feasibility study to implement non-invasive blood-gl... more The present research work is the part of the feasibility study to implement non-invasive blood-glucose sensing using microwave-based sensor. The one-port microstrip patch antenna sensor developed to exhibit variation in its electromagnetic response with respect to blood-glucose level. It has been demonstrated through in vitro controlled experiment under laboratory conditions. The novel multi-parameter-based sensitivity factor termed as GlucoSense was also defined to evaluate the sensitivity of sensor towards the change in glucose concentration. It was established that there was a good correlation between sensor’s reflection properties and glucose concentration. The findings of the controlled experiment convincingly proved that the sensor has the potential to be effectively used for developing a suitable device for non-invasive blood-glucose sensing.
Mucuna acuminata Grah. ex J.G.Baker is newly recorded for Thailand. Description and illustrations... more Mucuna acuminata Grah. ex J.G.Baker is newly recorded for Thailand. Description and illustrations are provided.
ABSTRACT This issue of Textile Progress reviews research carried out on electrically conducting p... more ABSTRACT This issue of Textile Progress reviews research carried out on electrically conducting polymers, fibres and fabrics prepared by in situ chemical, electrochemical and vapour-phase polymerisation. It provides information about various inherently conducting polymers prepared from aniline, pyrrole, thiophene and their derivatives that are often used to prepare flexible non-metallic electro-conductive textiles. Several methods for the characterisation of electro-conductive fabrics are included, namely scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, elemental disruptive X-ray analysis and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy. The role of the polymerisation process in determining the electrical properties of electro-conductive textiles is examined. The review highlights applications of flexible non-metallic conductive textiles in electro-magnetic shielding materials, heating pads, sensors and actuators.
The effects of heater temperature and contact time on the properties of textured polypropylene ya... more The effects of heater temperature and contact time on the properties of textured polypropylene yarn are reported. Increases in both contact time and heater temperature increase crimp rigidity. Enhancing the rate of cooling increases crimp rigidity consid erably, particularly when low contact times are used. Texturization reduces crystallinity of the yarn. The crystallinity is progressively reduced with the increase in contact time. The use of a coolant to rapidly quench the yarn as it emerges from the heater reduces crystallinity even further. The level of crystallinity of the textured yarn is not related to the crimp rigidity value.
The tensile behaviour of fully degummed filaments of two commercial varieties of silk produced in... more The tensile behaviour of fully degummed filaments of two commercial varieties of silk produced in India, namely mulberry (Bombyx mori) and tasar (Antheraea mylitta), has been investigated in dry and wet state. The tensile properties were correlated with the structures and morphologies of these two varieties of silk. The tenacity and elongation at break of these silks were not significantly different in dry and wet state; however, a slight reduction in initial modulus was noticed in wet state. The stress-strain behaviour of mulberry silk filament was different from that of tasar in that it demonstrated a characteristic yield point, lower modulus and elongation at break twice as high as that of mulberry. The characteristic stress-strain behaviour of theses two varieties of silk was correlated with density, birefringence, orientation index, sonic modulus and amino-acid composition. Poor orientation and less order in tasar are related to the higher percent of bulky groups present in fibroin.
An attempt bas been made to optimize the cooking conditions of tussah silk cocoon (Antheraea myli... more An attempt bas been made to optimize the cooking conditions of tussah silk cocoon (Antheraea mylitta D.) with ethylenediamine using the Box and Behnken factorial design for three variables and three levels for each variable. It is observed that the duration and temperature of treatment as well as the concentration of ethylenediamine significantly influence the cocoon shell weight loss and silk filament recovery. Silk recovery improves with the shell weight loss of up to 11.5% after which no further improvement in silk recovery is observed. The mechanical properties of tussah silk filament have very little correlation with the process parameters. For better silk recovery, the following cooking conditions are recommended: ethylenediamine, 10% on the weight of cocoon; temperature, 80·e; duration of treatment, 30 min; and meterial-to-liquor ratio, 1:30. Different races of tussah silk cocoon require adjustment in the duration of treatment. The hardness of water up to 1100 ppm has no sign...
2017 International Conference on Emerging Trends & Innovation in ICT (ICEI)
Diabetes mellitus affects millions of people worldwide. At present, the technology used by diabet... more Diabetes mellitus affects millions of people worldwide. At present, the technology used by diabetics for determining blood glucose concentration is invasive which requires a blood sample and is thus painful. Bloodless and painless technology to monitor blood glycaemic levels could improve the life of diabetes patients. This paper presents the design of microstrip sensor modeled in the form of microstrip antenna, which can be used for non invasive blood glucose monitoring. The approach followed is based on the notion that, variation in concentration of glucose in blood results in the variation in properties (dielectric) of blood which in turn results in the change in near field coupling and electromagnetic transmission of antenna. This will affect the input impedance of antenna and which in turn will affect its resonant frequency. This frequency shift can be used to observe the change in blood's permittivity and conductivity, which will be used to estimate the concentration of glucose in blood. The proposed electromagnetic sensor can be located close to the human skin at a fixed distance in order to avoid perspiration. The microstrip antennas with microstrip feed line and coaxial feed are initially designed using transmission line model and thereafter optimized and validated with simulations using CST microwave suite.
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Papers by Kushal Sen