Tropical or subtropical environments are home to the Styracaceae family. An important medicinal p... more Tropical or subtropical environments are home to the Styracaceae family. An important medicinal plant called Styrax officinalis L. establish in the Mediterranean Basin, the subtropics, the desert, and temperate climates. It has been utilized for agricultural, cosmetic, medicinal, and religious purposes. There are over 130 different species of Styrax, and when they are burned, they produce aromatic resin. The goal of this review was to compile from the literature all information that was available regarding the phytochemistry, traditional medicinal values, scientifically supported uses, morphology, and habitat of the S. officinalis plant. This paper is a review of the literature on the chemical components, description, origen, traditional therapeutic usage, and scientifically supported uses of S. officinalis. The current work revealed that many substances, including egonol, egonol oleate, americanin, different phenolic acids, and benzofuran derivatives, have been identified from S. officinalis leaves, fruits, fruit peels, seeds, flowers, and stems. In addition to the numerous portions employed as extracts, these likely chemicals and its artificial imitative also shown beneficial biological effects, such as anticancer, hemolytic, anti-complement, anti-leukemic, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Traditional uses of the styrax plant include the treatment of wounds, muscle discomfort, neurological problems, anxiety, and arthritis.
Brassinosteroids: Plant Growth and Development, 2019
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are sterol derivatives with multiple hydroxyl groups occurring universally... more Brassinosteroids (BRs) are sterol derivatives with multiple hydroxyl groups occurring universally in plants. Photosynthesis is the process which acts as base for the growth of the plant. BRs promote the activation as well as synthesis of enzymes responsible for the formation of chlorophyll. BRs regulate different components of photosynthetic machinery like photochemistry, stomatal conductance and enzymes of Calvin cycle. BRs promote photosynthetic carbon fixation by altering the functioning of stomata. The BR-mediated regulation of various photosynthetic components operates constitutively to promote net photosynthetic rate and ultimately, the growth and development of the plants. Thus, the role of BRs in regulating photosynthesis becomes an important area of research. The present chapter summarizes the BR-mediated changes in photosynthesis and its associated components under normal and stress conditions.
Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology, 2020
Aim To determine the Efficacy of isotretinoin in acne vulgaris daily versus pulse therapy. Study ... more Aim To determine the Efficacy of isotretinoin in acne vulgaris daily versus pulse therapy. Study design A randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study Outpatient Department of Dermatology, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha, from June 2017 to July 2018. Methods There were total 150 patients (both male and female) having 75 patients in each group. Group A was given oral isotretinoin capsule 20 mg twice daily for one week after 3 weeks as intermittent/ pulse therapy for 6 months. Group B was given oral isotretinoin capsule 20 mg/daily continuously for 6 months. Group A and B further sub divided into mild, moderate and severe, having 25 patients in each subgroup. The patients were advised to revisit after every 4 weeks for follow-up. Both groups were also advised to apply 1 % clindamycin gel twice a day for 6 months on lesions. The drug is considered efficacious if acne lesion of the patient reduced to 0-5 lesion only. Results In group A, the oral isotretinoin pulse therap...
Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology, 2020
Objective To determine the frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patient with vaginal can... more Objective To determine the frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patient with vaginal candidiasis. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. It was conducted in DHQ Hospital Sargodha from June 2017 to December 2017.A total number of 160 patients were enrolled for the study ranging from the age of 20-60 years. After informed consent from all patients, high vaginal swab was taken from vagina and send for microscopic examination, to confirm the diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis. Fasting blood glucose levels were taken at the same time and were sent to hospital laboratory. Results There were 160 female patients who were selected for study. Frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients with vaginal candidiasis was found to be 33 (20.63%) while 127 (79.37%) patients did not have high blood sugar level. According to marital status, 30(18.75%) were married and rest 3 (1.875%) were unmarried. Out of 33 cases of undiagnosed diabetes, 19 (11.857%) were between 20-40 years of age...
2021 Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON), 2021
A PV array acts as a transducer that transforms energy from the sun into its electrical equivalen... more A PV array acts as a transducer that transforms energy from the sun into its electrical equivalent using photovoltaic effect. The converted energy is variable. It majorly depends on irradiations and ambient temperature. Thus, a PV system requires a controller to extract maximum constant power. There are various controllers available, in this paper, we have used a sliding mode controller (SMC). It is a non-linear controller that brings robustness to the system by altering the dynamics of a system using a discontinuous control signal. On the other hand, if we use a PID controller, the transient response of that system is lower as compared to the SMC. The sliding mode controller gives improved transient responses like rise time, settling time, and overshoot. This paper compares the Simulink results and proves that the sliding mode controller is better than the PID controller.
Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice forsymptomatic cholelithias... more Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice forsymptomatic cholelithiasis. Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine is one of the methods usedto improve pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Objective: To compare the mean painscore after intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine with placebo during laparoscopiccholecystectomy. Study Design: Randomized Control trial. Setting: This study was carried out asurgical unit PGMI Lady Reading Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.Duration: The duration of study was 6 months from 15th May to 15th December, 2013. Subjectsand Methods: 92 patients in each group were included in study to compare the mean pain scoreof intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine (Group A; study group) with 0.9% normal salinesolution (Group B; placebo group) using visual analogue scale after laparoscopiccholecystectomy at 12th hour after surgery. Data was entered in software SPSS version 16.0. Ttest was used to com...
Abiotic stresses arising from atmosphere change belie plant growth and yield, leading to food red... more Abiotic stresses arising from atmosphere change belie plant growth and yield, leading to food reduction. The cultivation of a large number of crops in the contaminated environment is the main concern of environmentalists at present. To achieve food safety, a highly developed nanotechnology is a useful tool for promoting food production and assuring sustainability. Nanotechnology helps in better production in agriculture by promoting the efficiency of inputs and reducing relevant losses. This review examines the research performed in the past to show how zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) influence the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The application of ZnO-NPs is one of the most effectual options for considerable enhancement of agricultural yield globally under stressful conditions. ZnO-NPs can transform the agricultural and food industry with the help of several innovative tools in reversing oxidative stress symptoms induced by abiotic stresses. In addition, the effect of ZnO-...
Here, we report the effect of A-site substitution of Tb at the expense of Bi on the ferroelectric... more Here, we report the effect of A-site substitution of Tb at the expense of Bi on the ferroelectric and magnetic properties in m = 5 layered 2-D Aurivillius Bi6Ti3Fe2O18 thin films. The nominal stoichiometry of the prepared compound is Tb0.40Bi5.6Fe2Ti3O18, Tb0.90Bi5.1Fe2Ti3O18, and Bi6Ti3Fe2O18. Phase examination reveals that only 0.40 mol. % is successfully substituted forming Tb0.40Bi5.6Fe2Ti3O18 thin films. Lateral and vertical piezoresponse switching loops up to 200 °C reveal responses for Bi6Ti3Fe2O18, Tb substituted Tb0.40Bi5.6Fe2Ti3O18, and Tb0.90Bi5.1Fe2Ti3O18 thin films along the in-plane (±42.31 pm/V, 88 pm/V and ±134 pm/V, respectively) compared with the out-of-plane (±6.15 pm/V, 19.83 pm/V and ±37.52 pm/V, respectively). The macroscopic in-plane polarization loops reveal in-plane saturation (Ps) and remanence polarization (Pr) for Bi6Ti3Fe2O18 of ±26.16 μC/cm2 and ±22 μC/cm2, whereas, ±32.75 μC/cm2 and ±22.11 μC/cm2, ±40.30 μC/cm2 and ±28.5 μC/cm2 for Tb0.40Bi5.6Fe2Ti3O18...
The primary aim of our study was to assess the variation of PEFR with various anthropometric meas... more The primary aim of our study was to assess the variation of PEFR with various anthropometric measurements in medical students of Karachi, Pakistan.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Cephalic tetanus is an emergency condition, which is commonly observed in child age group here we... more Cephalic tetanus is an emergency condition, which is commonly observed in child age group here we report a case of 68-year-old man with the complain of right sided weakness for one day, associated with difficulty in breathing and speech, history of fall also present, case was diagnosed as cephalic tetanus. Here we report a case of cephalic tetanus in an elderly patient.
Multiferroic materials displaying coupled ferroelectric and ferromagnetic order parameters could ... more Multiferroic materials displaying coupled ferroelectric and ferromagnetic order parameters could provide a means for data storage whereby bits could be written electrically and read magnetically, or vice versa. Thin films of Aurivillius phase Bi6Ti2.8Fe1.52Mn0.68O18, previously prepared by a chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique, are multiferroics demonstrating magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature. Here we demonstrate the growth of a similar composition, Bi6Ti2.99Fe1.46Mn0.55O18, via the liquid injection chemical vapor deposition technique. High resolution magnetic measurements reveal a considerably higher in-plane ferromagnetic signature than CSD grown films (MS = 24.25 emu/g (215 emu/cm 3 ), MR = 9.916 emu/g (81.5 emu/cm 3 ), HC = 170 Oe). A statistical analysis of the results from a thorough microstructural examination of the samples, allows us to conclude that the ferromagnetic signature can be attributed to the Aurivillius phase, with a confidence level of 99.95 %. In addition, we report the direct piezoresponse force
Interarm blood pressure difference is linked to various peripheral arterial disease and thus occu... more Interarm blood pressure difference is linked to various peripheral arterial disease and thus occupies great significance in vascular medicine. Due to various physiological& pathological changes vessels suffer with hardening that produces measurable inter arm blood pressure difference. Less than one in 5 physicians is interested in measuring blood pressure in both arms. Objectives: to study the interarm blood pressure difference among medical students and its association with age, gender, BMI. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Karachi. Period: September 2015 to November 2015. Methodology: Data was collected from 305 individuals, Blood pressure was measured by designated technician with students in sitting position with at least 5 minutes of rest, among healthy nonsmokers medical students of DUHS. Results: Mean weight of individuals was 57.4+-12.9 kg. Mean height was found to be 164.6+-9.5 mm of Hg. Mean BMI of individuals was 21.0 +-3.78 kg/m 2 . Mean right arm systolic blood pressure was found to be 102.9+-13.4 mm of Hg. Mean right arm diastolic pressure was found to be 64.1+-12.8 mm of Hg. Mean left arm systolic blood pressure was found to be 101.8 +-13.0 mm of Hg. Mean left arm diastolic blood pressure was found to be 64.4+-12.9 mm of Hg. Mean interarm systolic blood pressure was found to be 7.4+-7.6 mm of Hg. Mean interarm diastolic blood pressure difference was found to be 8.6+-8.5 mm of Hg. Conclusions: Regular measurement of blood pressure in both arms and assessment of interarm blood pressure difference can lead to a new era where vascular events can be diagnosed at an earlier stage and thus treated earlier
Sugars are the most important regulators that facilitate many physiological processes, such as ph... more Sugars are the most important regulators that facilitate many physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, seed germination, flowering, senescence, and many more under various abiotic stresses. Exogenous application of sugars in low concentration promotes seed germination, up regulates photosynthesis, promotes flowering, delayed senescence under various unfavorable environmental conditions. However, high concentration of sugars reverses all these physiological process in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, this review focuses the correlation between sugars and their protective functions in several physiological processes against various abiotic stresses. Keeping in mind the multifaceted role of sugars, an attempt has been made to cover the role of sugar-regulated genes associated with photosynthesis, seed germination and senescence. The concentration of sugars determines the expression of these sugar-regulated genes. This review also enlightens the interaction of sugars with several phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, ethylene, cytokinins and gibberellins and its effect on their biosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions.
Seeds of chickpea were sown in the pots supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg of cadmium per kg o... more Seeds of chickpea were sown in the pots supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg of cadmium per kg of soil. At the stage of 30 days after sowing (DAS), the raised plants were sprayed with 20 mM proline except for the control plants which received double distilled water (DDW). The increasing degree of damage caused by the increasing concentration of Cd in soil was partially overcome by proline application. The treatment of 25 mg Cd fed plants with 20 mM proline increased significantly the nodulation parameters, leghemoglobin and carbohydrate content, leaf nitrogen and root nitrate content, activity of enzymes nitrogenase (E.C 1.18.6.1), nitrate reductase (E.C. 1.6.6.1), glutamine synthetase (GS) (E.C 6.3.1.2), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) (E.C 1.4.7.1) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (E.C 1.4.1.3) over that of the control. The value of these parameters was found to be at par with that of the control in the plants exposed to 50 mg Cd per kg of soil and also treated with 20 mM proline. Ho...
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2014
The increasing consumption of plastics inevitably results in increasing amounts of waste plastics... more The increasing consumption of plastics inevitably results in increasing amounts of waste plastics. Because of their long degradation periods, these wastes negatively affect the natural environment. Numerous studies have been conducted to recycle and eliminate waste plastics. The potential for recycling waste plastics in the iron and steel industry has been underestimated; the high C and H contents of plastics may make them suitable as alternative reductants in the reduction process of iron ore. This study aims to substitute plastic wastes for coal in reduction melting process and to investigate their performance during reduction at high temperature. We used a common type of waste plastic, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), because of its high carbon and hydrogen contents. Composite pellets containing PET wastes, coke, and magnetite iron ore were reduced at selected temperatures of 1400 and 1450°C for reduction time from 2 to 10 min to investigate the reduction melting behavior of these pellets. The results showed that an increased temperature and reduction time increased the reduction ratio of the pellets. The optimum experimental conditions for obtaining metallic iron (iron nuggets) were reduction at 1450°C for 10 min using composite pellets containing 60% PET and 40% coke.
Dermatologists make their clinical diagnosis mostly through skin reaction patterns. This study wa... more Dermatologists make their clinical diagnosis mostly through skin reaction patterns. This study was done to assess the correlation between the clinical diagnoses of papulosquamous lesions made at dermatological clinics and the diagnosis of these lesions at biopsy. Our study lends insight into the list of most common to least common lesions of papulosquamous lesions. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a dermatological clinic, on those patients who consulted to a dermatologist. This presumptive investigation on papulosquamous lesion was implied on 83 patients as lichen planus, lichen nitidus, lichen striata, lichenoides dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis lichenoides, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) and Reiter’s disease and then the biopsy was performed on these patients for the confirmation of the clinical diagnosis to assess that diagnosis given by biopsy in these patients matched to the clinical diagnosis and whether it showed any deviation from the clinical diagnosis made by dermatologist. The histopathology report confirmed the clinical diagnosis in 67.5 % and gave the diagnosis in 32.5 % of the total number of cases, which means that 32.5 % cases were those in which the diagnosis provided by the biopsy did not match the diagnosis provided by the clinical diagnosis. The total number of cases was 83: lichen planus occurred most frequently, i.e. 32.5 %, biopsy confirmed diagnosis in 21 patients and gave correct diagnosis in six patients, followed by psoriasis 24.1 %. In the case of psoriasis, seven patients were misdiagnosed at clinics, and in these patients, biopsy gave the correct diagnosis of psoriasis. The frequency of pityriasis rubra pilaris and lichenoides dermatitis was the same, 14.5 %. About six patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris and six cases with lichenoides dermatitis were given wrong diagnosis at clinics, and the correct diagnosis was provided at biopsy; PLEVA was diagnosed in 6 % of the cases and pityriasis rosea in 3.6 %. Reiter’s disease occurred in about 2.4 % of the cases and lichen nitidus and lichen striata in 1.2 % of the cases. Biopsy gave the correct diagnosis of one patient with pityriasis rubra pilaris, one with Reiter’s disease and one with PLEVA. This research investigation, postulated and enquired on the basis of histopathology reports, confirmed the clinical hypothesis in 67.5 % of cases and gave the diagnosis in 32.5 % of the total number of cases. These results verified the aforementioned hypothesis that the patients who are diagnosed with the papulosquamous lesion must undergo biopsy for the confirmation of the disease.
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2011
ABSTRACT Spinel mixed Li-ferrites with incorporation of various dopants (Cd2+ and Ni2+) concentra... more ABSTRACT Spinel mixed Li-ferrites with incorporation of various dopants (Cd2+ and Ni2+) concentration in ranges 0.00≤x≤0.80 are prepared using sol-gel technique. The various phases, lattice constant/parameter, X-ray density and crystallite size are confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The particle size and lattice parameters are found in the range 15–33 nm and 8.35–8.66 Å. This confirmed that incorporating dopant strongly influences the material structure and an increase is observed in lattice parameter and particle size with increase in dopant concentration. The structure is influenced by the dopant position, at the octahedral (B) and tetrahedral (A) sites. The decrease in activation energy (E) is observed with increase in dopant concentration. Furthermore, analysis of the crystallite size and morphology is done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which confirmed that the observed particle size is comparable with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. The dopant affects electrical properties such as dc electrical resistivity and drift mobility. The observed trend for drift mobility and dc electrical resistivity confirmed the semiconducting behavior of the synthesized material. The magnetic parameters saturation magnetization (M s), remanence (M r) and coercivity (H c) are strongly affected by dopant concentration. A sudden increase in magnetic parameters M r and M s is observed by incorporating a small amount of dopant up to x=0.40 and with further incorporation cause a decrease in the values of these parameters due to the non-magnetic behavior of incorporating dopant Cd2+ ions. These decreases in values can be explained using the spin canted model and cations positioning at tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites. The decrease in Curie temperature, observed with increase in dopant incorporation, is due to the decrease/weakening interaction between tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites.
Spinel Nanoferrites of Composition Mg0.50Cu0.5-XNixFe2O4 (0.00≤x≤0.50) Were Synthesized by Chemic... more Spinel Nanoferrites of Composition Mg0.50Cu0.5-XNixFe2O4 (0.00≤x≤0.50) Were Synthesized by Chemical Co-Precipitation Method. the Structural, Morphological and Magnetically Changes due to Varying Concentrations of Metal Ions of Cu and Ni in the Prepared Nanoferrites Were Studied. XRD Confirmed the Formation of Single Phase Spinel Ferrite with Crystalline Sizes in between 16-29 Nm, and the Lattice Parameter (a) Found to Decreases with Increase of Ni Concentration. Electrical Resistivity of the Prepared Nanoferrites with Varying Nickel and Copper Concentrations X Observed to Follow Arrhenius Relation and Also Exhibited the Semiconductor Behavior. the Magnetic Hysteresis Curves Clearly Indicate the Soft Nature of the Prepared Samples. Saturation Magnetization (Ms) Increases with Ni Content. This Effect Is Related to the Magnetic Moments of Ni+2 Ions. the Y-K Angles Increase with Increasing Ni Content, and Suggest a Non Collinearity Néel Type of Ordering of the Y-K Type. the Increase in ...
Tropical or subtropical environments are home to the Styracaceae family. An important medicinal p... more Tropical or subtropical environments are home to the Styracaceae family. An important medicinal plant called Styrax officinalis L. establish in the Mediterranean Basin, the subtropics, the desert, and temperate climates. It has been utilized for agricultural, cosmetic, medicinal, and religious purposes. There are over 130 different species of Styrax, and when they are burned, they produce aromatic resin. The goal of this review was to compile from the literature all information that was available regarding the phytochemistry, traditional medicinal values, scientifically supported uses, morphology, and habitat of the S. officinalis plant. This paper is a review of the literature on the chemical components, description, origen, traditional therapeutic usage, and scientifically supported uses of S. officinalis. The current work revealed that many substances, including egonol, egonol oleate, americanin, different phenolic acids, and benzofuran derivatives, have been identified from S. officinalis leaves, fruits, fruit peels, seeds, flowers, and stems. In addition to the numerous portions employed as extracts, these likely chemicals and its artificial imitative also shown beneficial biological effects, such as anticancer, hemolytic, anti-complement, anti-leukemic, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Traditional uses of the styrax plant include the treatment of wounds, muscle discomfort, neurological problems, anxiety, and arthritis.
Brassinosteroids: Plant Growth and Development, 2019
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are sterol derivatives with multiple hydroxyl groups occurring universally... more Brassinosteroids (BRs) are sterol derivatives with multiple hydroxyl groups occurring universally in plants. Photosynthesis is the process which acts as base for the growth of the plant. BRs promote the activation as well as synthesis of enzymes responsible for the formation of chlorophyll. BRs regulate different components of photosynthetic machinery like photochemistry, stomatal conductance and enzymes of Calvin cycle. BRs promote photosynthetic carbon fixation by altering the functioning of stomata. The BR-mediated regulation of various photosynthetic components operates constitutively to promote net photosynthetic rate and ultimately, the growth and development of the plants. Thus, the role of BRs in regulating photosynthesis becomes an important area of research. The present chapter summarizes the BR-mediated changes in photosynthesis and its associated components under normal and stress conditions.
Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology, 2020
Aim To determine the Efficacy of isotretinoin in acne vulgaris daily versus pulse therapy. Study ... more Aim To determine the Efficacy of isotretinoin in acne vulgaris daily versus pulse therapy. Study design A randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study Outpatient Department of Dermatology, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha, from June 2017 to July 2018. Methods There were total 150 patients (both male and female) having 75 patients in each group. Group A was given oral isotretinoin capsule 20 mg twice daily for one week after 3 weeks as intermittent/ pulse therapy for 6 months. Group B was given oral isotretinoin capsule 20 mg/daily continuously for 6 months. Group A and B further sub divided into mild, moderate and severe, having 25 patients in each subgroup. The patients were advised to revisit after every 4 weeks for follow-up. Both groups were also advised to apply 1 % clindamycin gel twice a day for 6 months on lesions. The drug is considered efficacious if acne lesion of the patient reduced to 0-5 lesion only. Results In group A, the oral isotretinoin pulse therap...
Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology, 2020
Objective To determine the frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patient with vaginal can... more Objective To determine the frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patient with vaginal candidiasis. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. It was conducted in DHQ Hospital Sargodha from June 2017 to December 2017.A total number of 160 patients were enrolled for the study ranging from the age of 20-60 years. After informed consent from all patients, high vaginal swab was taken from vagina and send for microscopic examination, to confirm the diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis. Fasting blood glucose levels were taken at the same time and were sent to hospital laboratory. Results There were 160 female patients who were selected for study. Frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients with vaginal candidiasis was found to be 33 (20.63%) while 127 (79.37%) patients did not have high blood sugar level. According to marital status, 30(18.75%) were married and rest 3 (1.875%) were unmarried. Out of 33 cases of undiagnosed diabetes, 19 (11.857%) were between 20-40 years of age...
2021 Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON), 2021
A PV array acts as a transducer that transforms energy from the sun into its electrical equivalen... more A PV array acts as a transducer that transforms energy from the sun into its electrical equivalent using photovoltaic effect. The converted energy is variable. It majorly depends on irradiations and ambient temperature. Thus, a PV system requires a controller to extract maximum constant power. There are various controllers available, in this paper, we have used a sliding mode controller (SMC). It is a non-linear controller that brings robustness to the system by altering the dynamics of a system using a discontinuous control signal. On the other hand, if we use a PID controller, the transient response of that system is lower as compared to the SMC. The sliding mode controller gives improved transient responses like rise time, settling time, and overshoot. This paper compares the Simulink results and proves that the sliding mode controller is better than the PID controller.
Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice forsymptomatic cholelithias... more Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice forsymptomatic cholelithiasis. Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine is one of the methods usedto improve pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Objective: To compare the mean painscore after intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine with placebo during laparoscopiccholecystectomy. Study Design: Randomized Control trial. Setting: This study was carried out asurgical unit PGMI Lady Reading Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.Duration: The duration of study was 6 months from 15th May to 15th December, 2013. Subjectsand Methods: 92 patients in each group were included in study to compare the mean pain scoreof intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine (Group A; study group) with 0.9% normal salinesolution (Group B; placebo group) using visual analogue scale after laparoscopiccholecystectomy at 12th hour after surgery. Data was entered in software SPSS version 16.0. Ttest was used to com...
Abiotic stresses arising from atmosphere change belie plant growth and yield, leading to food red... more Abiotic stresses arising from atmosphere change belie plant growth and yield, leading to food reduction. The cultivation of a large number of crops in the contaminated environment is the main concern of environmentalists at present. To achieve food safety, a highly developed nanotechnology is a useful tool for promoting food production and assuring sustainability. Nanotechnology helps in better production in agriculture by promoting the efficiency of inputs and reducing relevant losses. This review examines the research performed in the past to show how zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) influence the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The application of ZnO-NPs is one of the most effectual options for considerable enhancement of agricultural yield globally under stressful conditions. ZnO-NPs can transform the agricultural and food industry with the help of several innovative tools in reversing oxidative stress symptoms induced by abiotic stresses. In addition, the effect of ZnO-...
Here, we report the effect of A-site substitution of Tb at the expense of Bi on the ferroelectric... more Here, we report the effect of A-site substitution of Tb at the expense of Bi on the ferroelectric and magnetic properties in m = 5 layered 2-D Aurivillius Bi6Ti3Fe2O18 thin films. The nominal stoichiometry of the prepared compound is Tb0.40Bi5.6Fe2Ti3O18, Tb0.90Bi5.1Fe2Ti3O18, and Bi6Ti3Fe2O18. Phase examination reveals that only 0.40 mol. % is successfully substituted forming Tb0.40Bi5.6Fe2Ti3O18 thin films. Lateral and vertical piezoresponse switching loops up to 200 °C reveal responses for Bi6Ti3Fe2O18, Tb substituted Tb0.40Bi5.6Fe2Ti3O18, and Tb0.90Bi5.1Fe2Ti3O18 thin films along the in-plane (±42.31 pm/V, 88 pm/V and ±134 pm/V, respectively) compared with the out-of-plane (±6.15 pm/V, 19.83 pm/V and ±37.52 pm/V, respectively). The macroscopic in-plane polarization loops reveal in-plane saturation (Ps) and remanence polarization (Pr) for Bi6Ti3Fe2O18 of ±26.16 μC/cm2 and ±22 μC/cm2, whereas, ±32.75 μC/cm2 and ±22.11 μC/cm2, ±40.30 μC/cm2 and ±28.5 μC/cm2 for Tb0.40Bi5.6Fe2Ti3O18...
The primary aim of our study was to assess the variation of PEFR with various anthropometric meas... more The primary aim of our study was to assess the variation of PEFR with various anthropometric measurements in medical students of Karachi, Pakistan.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Cephalic tetanus is an emergency condition, which is commonly observed in child age group here we... more Cephalic tetanus is an emergency condition, which is commonly observed in child age group here we report a case of 68-year-old man with the complain of right sided weakness for one day, associated with difficulty in breathing and speech, history of fall also present, case was diagnosed as cephalic tetanus. Here we report a case of cephalic tetanus in an elderly patient.
Multiferroic materials displaying coupled ferroelectric and ferromagnetic order parameters could ... more Multiferroic materials displaying coupled ferroelectric and ferromagnetic order parameters could provide a means for data storage whereby bits could be written electrically and read magnetically, or vice versa. Thin films of Aurivillius phase Bi6Ti2.8Fe1.52Mn0.68O18, previously prepared by a chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique, are multiferroics demonstrating magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature. Here we demonstrate the growth of a similar composition, Bi6Ti2.99Fe1.46Mn0.55O18, via the liquid injection chemical vapor deposition technique. High resolution magnetic measurements reveal a considerably higher in-plane ferromagnetic signature than CSD grown films (MS = 24.25 emu/g (215 emu/cm 3 ), MR = 9.916 emu/g (81.5 emu/cm 3 ), HC = 170 Oe). A statistical analysis of the results from a thorough microstructural examination of the samples, allows us to conclude that the ferromagnetic signature can be attributed to the Aurivillius phase, with a confidence level of 99.95 %. In addition, we report the direct piezoresponse force
Interarm blood pressure difference is linked to various peripheral arterial disease and thus occu... more Interarm blood pressure difference is linked to various peripheral arterial disease and thus occupies great significance in vascular medicine. Due to various physiological& pathological changes vessels suffer with hardening that produces measurable inter arm blood pressure difference. Less than one in 5 physicians is interested in measuring blood pressure in both arms. Objectives: to study the interarm blood pressure difference among medical students and its association with age, gender, BMI. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Karachi. Period: September 2015 to November 2015. Methodology: Data was collected from 305 individuals, Blood pressure was measured by designated technician with students in sitting position with at least 5 minutes of rest, among healthy nonsmokers medical students of DUHS. Results: Mean weight of individuals was 57.4+-12.9 kg. Mean height was found to be 164.6+-9.5 mm of Hg. Mean BMI of individuals was 21.0 +-3.78 kg/m 2 . Mean right arm systolic blood pressure was found to be 102.9+-13.4 mm of Hg. Mean right arm diastolic pressure was found to be 64.1+-12.8 mm of Hg. Mean left arm systolic blood pressure was found to be 101.8 +-13.0 mm of Hg. Mean left arm diastolic blood pressure was found to be 64.4+-12.9 mm of Hg. Mean interarm systolic blood pressure was found to be 7.4+-7.6 mm of Hg. Mean interarm diastolic blood pressure difference was found to be 8.6+-8.5 mm of Hg. Conclusions: Regular measurement of blood pressure in both arms and assessment of interarm blood pressure difference can lead to a new era where vascular events can be diagnosed at an earlier stage and thus treated earlier
Sugars are the most important regulators that facilitate many physiological processes, such as ph... more Sugars are the most important regulators that facilitate many physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, seed germination, flowering, senescence, and many more under various abiotic stresses. Exogenous application of sugars in low concentration promotes seed germination, up regulates photosynthesis, promotes flowering, delayed senescence under various unfavorable environmental conditions. However, high concentration of sugars reverses all these physiological process in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, this review focuses the correlation between sugars and their protective functions in several physiological processes against various abiotic stresses. Keeping in mind the multifaceted role of sugars, an attempt has been made to cover the role of sugar-regulated genes associated with photosynthesis, seed germination and senescence. The concentration of sugars determines the expression of these sugar-regulated genes. This review also enlightens the interaction of sugars with several phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, ethylene, cytokinins and gibberellins and its effect on their biosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions.
Seeds of chickpea were sown in the pots supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg of cadmium per kg o... more Seeds of chickpea were sown in the pots supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg of cadmium per kg of soil. At the stage of 30 days after sowing (DAS), the raised plants were sprayed with 20 mM proline except for the control plants which received double distilled water (DDW). The increasing degree of damage caused by the increasing concentration of Cd in soil was partially overcome by proline application. The treatment of 25 mg Cd fed plants with 20 mM proline increased significantly the nodulation parameters, leghemoglobin and carbohydrate content, leaf nitrogen and root nitrate content, activity of enzymes nitrogenase (E.C 1.18.6.1), nitrate reductase (E.C. 1.6.6.1), glutamine synthetase (GS) (E.C 6.3.1.2), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) (E.C 1.4.7.1) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (E.C 1.4.1.3) over that of the control. The value of these parameters was found to be at par with that of the control in the plants exposed to 50 mg Cd per kg of soil and also treated with 20 mM proline. Ho...
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2014
The increasing consumption of plastics inevitably results in increasing amounts of waste plastics... more The increasing consumption of plastics inevitably results in increasing amounts of waste plastics. Because of their long degradation periods, these wastes negatively affect the natural environment. Numerous studies have been conducted to recycle and eliminate waste plastics. The potential for recycling waste plastics in the iron and steel industry has been underestimated; the high C and H contents of plastics may make them suitable as alternative reductants in the reduction process of iron ore. This study aims to substitute plastic wastes for coal in reduction melting process and to investigate their performance during reduction at high temperature. We used a common type of waste plastic, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), because of its high carbon and hydrogen contents. Composite pellets containing PET wastes, coke, and magnetite iron ore were reduced at selected temperatures of 1400 and 1450°C for reduction time from 2 to 10 min to investigate the reduction melting behavior of these pellets. The results showed that an increased temperature and reduction time increased the reduction ratio of the pellets. The optimum experimental conditions for obtaining metallic iron (iron nuggets) were reduction at 1450°C for 10 min using composite pellets containing 60% PET and 40% coke.
Dermatologists make their clinical diagnosis mostly through skin reaction patterns. This study wa... more Dermatologists make their clinical diagnosis mostly through skin reaction patterns. This study was done to assess the correlation between the clinical diagnoses of papulosquamous lesions made at dermatological clinics and the diagnosis of these lesions at biopsy. Our study lends insight into the list of most common to least common lesions of papulosquamous lesions. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a dermatological clinic, on those patients who consulted to a dermatologist. This presumptive investigation on papulosquamous lesion was implied on 83 patients as lichen planus, lichen nitidus, lichen striata, lichenoides dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis lichenoides, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) and Reiter’s disease and then the biopsy was performed on these patients for the confirmation of the clinical diagnosis to assess that diagnosis given by biopsy in these patients matched to the clinical diagnosis and whether it showed any deviation from the clinical diagnosis made by dermatologist. The histopathology report confirmed the clinical diagnosis in 67.5 % and gave the diagnosis in 32.5 % of the total number of cases, which means that 32.5 % cases were those in which the diagnosis provided by the biopsy did not match the diagnosis provided by the clinical diagnosis. The total number of cases was 83: lichen planus occurred most frequently, i.e. 32.5 %, biopsy confirmed diagnosis in 21 patients and gave correct diagnosis in six patients, followed by psoriasis 24.1 %. In the case of psoriasis, seven patients were misdiagnosed at clinics, and in these patients, biopsy gave the correct diagnosis of psoriasis. The frequency of pityriasis rubra pilaris and lichenoides dermatitis was the same, 14.5 %. About six patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris and six cases with lichenoides dermatitis were given wrong diagnosis at clinics, and the correct diagnosis was provided at biopsy; PLEVA was diagnosed in 6 % of the cases and pityriasis rosea in 3.6 %. Reiter’s disease occurred in about 2.4 % of the cases and lichen nitidus and lichen striata in 1.2 % of the cases. Biopsy gave the correct diagnosis of one patient with pityriasis rubra pilaris, one with Reiter’s disease and one with PLEVA. This research investigation, postulated and enquired on the basis of histopathology reports, confirmed the clinical hypothesis in 67.5 % of cases and gave the diagnosis in 32.5 % of the total number of cases. These results verified the aforementioned hypothesis that the patients who are diagnosed with the papulosquamous lesion must undergo biopsy for the confirmation of the disease.
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2011
ABSTRACT Spinel mixed Li-ferrites with incorporation of various dopants (Cd2+ and Ni2+) concentra... more ABSTRACT Spinel mixed Li-ferrites with incorporation of various dopants (Cd2+ and Ni2+) concentration in ranges 0.00≤x≤0.80 are prepared using sol-gel technique. The various phases, lattice constant/parameter, X-ray density and crystallite size are confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The particle size and lattice parameters are found in the range 15–33 nm and 8.35–8.66 Å. This confirmed that incorporating dopant strongly influences the material structure and an increase is observed in lattice parameter and particle size with increase in dopant concentration. The structure is influenced by the dopant position, at the octahedral (B) and tetrahedral (A) sites. The decrease in activation energy (E) is observed with increase in dopant concentration. Furthermore, analysis of the crystallite size and morphology is done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which confirmed that the observed particle size is comparable with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. The dopant affects electrical properties such as dc electrical resistivity and drift mobility. The observed trend for drift mobility and dc electrical resistivity confirmed the semiconducting behavior of the synthesized material. The magnetic parameters saturation magnetization (M s), remanence (M r) and coercivity (H c) are strongly affected by dopant concentration. A sudden increase in magnetic parameters M r and M s is observed by incorporating a small amount of dopant up to x=0.40 and with further incorporation cause a decrease in the values of these parameters due to the non-magnetic behavior of incorporating dopant Cd2+ ions. These decreases in values can be explained using the spin canted model and cations positioning at tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites. The decrease in Curie temperature, observed with increase in dopant incorporation, is due to the decrease/weakening interaction between tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites.
Spinel Nanoferrites of Composition Mg0.50Cu0.5-XNixFe2O4 (0.00≤x≤0.50) Were Synthesized by Chemic... more Spinel Nanoferrites of Composition Mg0.50Cu0.5-XNixFe2O4 (0.00≤x≤0.50) Were Synthesized by Chemical Co-Precipitation Method. the Structural, Morphological and Magnetically Changes due to Varying Concentrations of Metal Ions of Cu and Ni in the Prepared Nanoferrites Were Studied. XRD Confirmed the Formation of Single Phase Spinel Ferrite with Crystalline Sizes in between 16-29 Nm, and the Lattice Parameter (a) Found to Decreases with Increase of Ni Concentration. Electrical Resistivity of the Prepared Nanoferrites with Varying Nickel and Copper Concentrations X Observed to Follow Arrhenius Relation and Also Exhibited the Semiconductor Behavior. the Magnetic Hysteresis Curves Clearly Indicate the Soft Nature of the Prepared Samples. Saturation Magnetization (Ms) Increases with Ni Content. This Effect Is Related to the Magnetic Moments of Ni+2 Ions. the Y-K Angles Increase with Increasing Ni Content, and Suggest a Non Collinearity Néel Type of Ordering of the Y-K Type. the Increase in ...
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Papers by Ahmad Faraz