Papers by Brigid McKevith
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2015
There is much epidemiological evidence to suggest an inverse association of whole grain consumpti... more There is much epidemiological evidence to suggest an inverse association of whole grain consumption with the risk of many noncommunicable diseases. The risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity and some cancers has been shown to be reduced in higher consumers against low or non-consumers of whole grain (1,2,3). We have previously shown that whole grain intake in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008-2011 population is low, with 18% of adults and 15% of children/teenagers consuming no whole grain (4). It is important to understand whether the health benefits associated with intake of whole grains are still present at low levels of consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of daily whole grain intake with intakes of other foods and nutrients, and markers of health (anthropometric and blood measures) in the NDNS 2008-2011 population. The NDNS is a representative dietary survey of households in the UK. Four-day diet diaries were completed by 3073 individuals between 2008 and 2011, along with the collection of anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist/hip ratio and body mass index (BMI)), blood pressure and blood samples. Daily whole grain intake was calculated for each individual, considering foods with any whole grain content, on a dry matter basis. Whole grain intake was also categorised by number of servings, with one serving classified as 16 g of whole grain, according to the US definition (5). Over half (57%) of and children/teenagers (1•5-18 years) and 44% of adults (19+ years) did not consume one serving of whole grain per day. Around a quarter of adults (24%) and children/teenagers (26%) consumed one serving of whole grain per day. Significant trends across increasing whole grain servings (0, 1, 2, 3 or more) were seen with decreasing C-reactive protein concentrations in adults, decreasing white blood cell count in both adults and children/teenagers and decreasing weight and BMI in children/teenagers. No significant trends were seen with the other blood measures (blood pressure, cholesterol (total, HDH, LDL), triglycerides, creatinine and haemoglobin) and anthropometric measures in adults. Increased intakes of whole grain was correlated with increasing intakes of milk, yogurt, bread, ready to eat cereal and fruit and vegetable intake. Significantly higher mean intakes of fibre, iron, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, thiamin and riboflavin were seen in both adult and child/teenager whole grain consumers compared with non-consumers. In this population increased whole grain intake was positively associated with white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (in adults only) and anthropometric measures (in children and teenagers only), but not with other markers of health. Whole grain intake was generally low, with over 80% of adults, teenagers and children not consuming the minimum US recommendation (48 g or 3 servings a day), which may explain the small variation across other markers of health. The nutrient intakes of wholegrain consumers compared with the non-consumers were closer to dietary reference values, particularly for fibre intake, suggesting that increasing whole grain intake is associated with improved diet quality.
Nursing Standard, 2004
Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan bimbingan konseling pendidikan dalam memb... more Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan bimbingan konseling pendidikan dalam membentuk kedisiplinan. Kajian ini membahas tentang proses pembentukan lingkungan dan upaya orang dewasa untuk membantu mencapai disiplin pribadi. Anak-anak kasus untuk mengikuti aturan menjadi tugas norma dewasa untuk membantu mereka menyesuaikan dan mengikuti aturan. Disiplin milik aset anak dalam menghadapi tantangan hidup mandiri di fase berikutnya. Orang tua dan guru dapat bekerja sama untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang kondusif sehingga siswa dalam proses pendidikan dapat mengoptimalkan potensi daya untuk prestasi mereka, kemampuan untuk menangani masalah, dan tugas-tugas perkembangan anak. Pendidikan yang lengkap dalam keluarga, di sekolah dan masyarakat akan membuat anak-anak menjadi generasi penerus yang terus mengembangkan diri memenuhi tuntutan budaya dan masa depan menjawab. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa peranan bimbingan konseling pendidikan dalam membentuk kedisiplinan meliputi menaati aturan, kesadaran diri, alat pendidikan, dan hukuman.
Nursing Standard, 2006
We analyzed the feasibility of performing selective neck dissection in oral cavity squamous cell ... more We analyzed the feasibility of performing selective neck dissection in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients according to clinical neck stage and primary subsite. We reviewed the records of 394 patients who underwent neck dissection between April 2001 and December 2011 in our department.
The British journal of nutrition, Jan 21, 2015
Epidemiological evidence suggests an inverse association between whole grain consumption and the ... more Epidemiological evidence suggests an inverse association between whole grain consumption and the risk of non-communicable diseases, such as CVD, type 2 diabetes, obesity and some cancers. A recent analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme (NDNS-RP) has shown lower intake of whole grain in the UK. It is important to understand whether the health benefits associated with whole grain intake are present at low levels of consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the association of whole grain intake with intakes of other foods, nutrients and markers of health (anthropometric and blood measures) in the NDNS-RP 2008���11, a representative dietary survey of UK households. A 4-d diet diary was completed by 3073 individuals. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure levels, and blood and urine samples were collected after diary completion. Individual whole grain intake was calculated with consumers categorised into tertiles of intake. Higher intake of whole ...
Nursing times
One of the main challenges facing primary care health care professionals is trying to encourage p... more One of the main challenges facing primary care health care professionals is trying to encourage people to change their diet and to help them maintain that change. There is evidence that primary care interventions can influence food choice and this article highlights the factors that influence food choice, focusing on those studies that are most relevant to nurses.
Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
The incidence of allergic disease, including food allergy, appears to be increasing in the UK (Gu... more The incidence of allergic disease, including food allergy, appears to be increasing in the UK (Gupta et al 2003). Although any food has the potential to cause an allergic reaction, certain foods are more common causes of allergy than others. If diagnosed, food allergy is manageable. Correct diagnosis is important to ensure optimal management and a nutritionally balanced diet.
Practice Nursing, 2004
Brigid McKevith and colleagues consider the evidence for the nutritional benefits of antioxidants
Nutrition Bulletin, 2005
Food information resources (food composition tables and electronic databases) are used by a range... more Food information resources (food composition tables and electronic databases) are used by a range of different people including dietitians and other health professionals, food manufacturers and producers, and epidemiologists and other researchers.
Nutrition Bulletin, 2005
In early February 2005, carrots hit the headlines in the UK press with some of the following stat... more In early February 2005, carrots hit the headlines in the UK press with some of the following statements being made: An apple a day keeps the doctor away but carrots can keep cancer at bay. How a carrot a day might help to keep cancer at bay. Carrot lift for big C. Much evidence exists to suggest a protective role for vegetables in modifying cancer risk (World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research 1997; Goldberg 2003). In addition, some different types of vegetables have been investigated separately, including green vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, tomatoes and carrots. Several epidemiological studies have highlighted an association between carrot consumption and a reduced incidence of a range of cancers (Table 1). As can be seen from the table, four of the five studies to date were case-control studies with relatively small numbers of people with cancer (less than 150). Obtaining accurate information on dietary intake can be challenging in case-control studies, as subjects are asked to recall their past diet, e.g. the study by Rachtan and Sokolowski (1997) used a non-validated questionnaire to try and estimate the food consumption of subjects five years previously. As carrots are an excellent source of beta-carotene (over 6000 m g/100 g of raw young carrots and over 3500 m g/100 g of cooked young carrots), much attention has been focused on this nutrient and its antioxidant effects. However, randomised controlled supplementation trials involving antioxidants including beta-carotene have generally not supported the hypothesis that supplements of these nutrients can reduce the incidence of cancer (e.g.
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2010
The UK national food composition tables provide reasonable coverage of primary produce and basic ... more The UK national food composition tables provide reasonable coverage of primary produce and basic raw and cooked foods but it is difficult for them to keep abreast of the fast moving processed and convenience food market. The food industry has an inherent need to generate and share food composition data on food products and therefore much of these data exist within the food industry, embedded in their core Enterprise and Resource Planning (ERP) software. A survey was conducted to explore the current uses and flow of food composition data within the UK food supply chain and identify potential barriers to effective data transfer. Results indicate that providing food composition data is perceived as a frustrating, time consuming task and limitations lie in the lack of commonly agreed systems, processes and standards for the transfer of these data from those that generate it to those that need it. Within logistics and finance functions, industry is moving closer to a completely collaborative model via implementation of the Global Data Synchronisation Network (GDSN) infrastructure and methodology. This approach, if implemented for food composition data, has the potential to enable high quality food composition data to be accessible 'at the push of a button'.
Nutrition Bulletin, 2004
The human gut is the natural habitat for a large and dynamic bacterial community. The relevance a... more The human gut is the natural habitat for a large and dynamic bacterial community. The relevance and effect of resident bacteria on host's physiology and pathology have been well documented. Major functions of the gut microflora include metabolic activities that result in salvage of energy and absorbable nutrients, important trophic effects on the intestinal epithelium, regulation of immune structure and function, and protection of the colonised host either against invasion by foreign microbes or against overgrowth by indigenous species with potential pathogenicity.
Proceedings of The Nutrition Society
The British journal of nutrition, Jan 23, 2015
Increased whole grain intake has been shown to reduce the risk of many non-communicable diseases.... more Increased whole grain intake has been shown to reduce the risk of many non-communicable diseases. Countries including the USA, Canada, Denmark and Australia have specific dietary guidelines on whole grain intake but others, including the UK, do not. Data from 1986/87 and 2000/01 have shown that whole grain intake is low and declining in British adults. The aim of the present study was to describe whole grain intakes in the most current dietary assessment of UK households using data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme 2008-11. In the present study, 4 d diet diaries were completed by 3073 individuals between 2008 and 2011, along with details of socio-economic status (SES). The median daily whole grain intake, calculated for each individual on a dry weight basis, was 20 g/d for adults and 13 g/d for children/teenagers. The corresponding energy-adjusted whole grain intake was 27 g/10 MJ per d for adults and 20 g/10 MJ per d for children/teenagers. Whole grain i...
Nutrition Bulletin, 2007
Summary A number of nutritional models have recently been developed in the UK. The Institute of ... more Summary A number of nutritional models have recently been developed in the UK. The Institute of Grocery Distribution (IGD)’s Industry Nutrition Strategy Group reviewed these models. A number of criteria were used to develop a template, making it easier to compare and contrast the models and to better understand the intended aims of the models and how they work. This work also highlighted a number of issues that need to be considered when a model is developed.
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Papers by Brigid McKevith