Indoor radon in buildings is a major cause of lung cancer in Europe, a risk enhanced by exposure ... more Indoor radon in buildings is a major cause of lung cancer in Europe, a risk enhanced by exposure to air pollution and tobacco smoke. Radon monitoring is, so, essential in determining the level of human exposure in living and workplaces. Recent literature has highlighted that historical buildings and archaeological sites could be affected by high Radon activity concentrations because of not only the entering from the soil but also due to the type of building materials and usage.This paper is aimed at monitoring Radon concentration measurement in an historical building in Salerno, Italia, where building material could highly contribute to indoor radon levels. The monitoring was performed over a period of 3 months. The measured concentrations ranged in a wide interval up to 263 Bq/m3 in living environments. Analysing the possible sources, both contributions of Radon from the building materials and from the soil were observed.
The aim of the paper is to apply an object-based geomorphometric procedure to define the runoff c... more The aim of the paper is to apply an object-based geomorphometric procedure to define the runoff contribution areas and support a hydro-geomorphological analysis on a 3-km 2 Mediterranean research catchment (southern Italy). Daily and subhourly discharge and electrical conductivity data were collected and recorded based on three-year monitoring activity. Hydrochemograph analyses on these data revealed a strong seasonal hydrological response in the catchment that were different from 10 the stormflow events that occurred in the wet period and in dry periods. This analysis enabled us to define the hydrochemograph signatures related to increasing flood magnitude, which progressively involves various runoff components (base flow, subsurface flow and surficial flow) and an increasing contributing area to discharge. Field surveys and water table/discharge measurements carried out during a selected storm event enabled us to identify and map specific runoff source areas with homogeneous geomorphological units previously defined as hydro-geomorpho-types (spring points, diffuse seepage 15 along the main channel, seepage along the riparian corridors, diffuse outflow from hillslope taluses and concentrate sapping from colluvial hollows). Following the procedures previously proposed and used by authors for object-based geomorphological mapping, a hydro-geomorphologically-oriented segmentation and classification was performed with an e-Cognition (Trimble, Inc) package. The best agreement with the expert-based geomorphological mapping was obtained with weighted profile and plane curvature sum at different-size windows. Combining the hydro-chemical analysis and object-based hydro-geomorpho-20 type map, the variability of the contribution areas was graphically modelled for the selected event which occurred during the wet season by using the log values of flow accumulation that better fit the contribution areas. The results enabled us to identify the runoff component on hydro-chemograph for each time step and to calculate a specific discharge contribution from each hydro-geomorpho-type. This kind of approach could be useful applied to similar, rainfall-dominated, forested and no-karst catchments in the Mediterranean eco-region.
Summary The aim of the present study is an analysis of the ability of digital hydrograph filterin... more Summary The aim of the present study is an analysis of the ability of digital hydrograph filtering tools for the characterization of the baseflow source contributing to total streamflow for a typical, small, sandstone, rainfall dominated catchment. Daily streamflow and electrical conductivity data for an experimental catchment, the Ciciriello catchment, a 3km 2 watershed located in Southern Italy, have been collected to the purpose since 2012. The application of a mass balance filter (MBF), using electrical conductivity as tracer data, has pointed out a seasonal characterization of the baseflow pattern, contributing to total streamflow by 90% during the low flow period and up to 40% during the high flow period. The Lyne and Hollick one parameter and the two parameters Eckhardt digital filters have been furthermore processed, both in an uncalibrated and calibrated application. Providing a preliminary total streamflow and baseflow recession analysis, the one parameter filter appears particularly suited for ungauged cases, as the uncalibrated and calibrated applications are almost identical, with relative prediction errors, compared to MBF, smaller than 5%. The uncalibrated two parameters filter generates instead large relative error of about 35%. To improve the baseflow description, in particular during the low flow period, and to correct large (28%) underestimation of the minimum baseflow value, a seasonal calibration for the BFI max parameter (the maximum BaseFlow Index that can be modeled by the filter algorithm) is in fact needed.
La gestione delle risorse idriche rappresenta da sempre un tema rilevante, soprattutto alla luce ... more La gestione delle risorse idriche rappresenta da sempre un tema rilevante, soprattutto alla luce delle attuali condizioni di scarsità della risorsa. Elementi utili a tal fine sono i modelli idrologici per la previsione delle portate. Notevoli difficoltà nella loro applicazione si manifestano nel momento in cui debba essere analizzato un contesto di scarsità di dati. Nella memoria proposta si illustra l’applicazione di un modello concettuale semidistribuito per la previsione delle portate in bacini non monitorati, basato su un criterio regionale di individuazione della sollecitazione netta climatica e sulla identificazione a priori dei parametri in funzione delle caratteristiche strutturali dei bacini
The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss the results of the regional program Rad Campania ... more The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss the results of the regional program Rad Campania for the monitoring and the assessment of the radon risk. An innovative methodology, based on a geogenic approach, was developed, supported by a comprehensive campaign of radon measurement performed in soil gas, natural waters, drinking natural water samples and indoor air. Data refer to field measurements carried out in three provinces of the Campania Region (Italy): Salerno, Avellino and Benevento. The programme was completed with the main purpose to investigate the peculiarities of the radon issue at a provincial scale and to redact a map of the radon potential from soil as a tool for authorities to recognise critical areas ("Radon prone areas") to monitor. Since the experience demonstrates that the high radon potential from soil is not indicative of high indoor radon concentrations, in this paper the authors have tried to identify a possible general correlation between geological features of the soil and structural characteristics of the buildings, elaborating more in depth all data collected. The main purpose is to categorize and analyse the performance of different kind of construction, typical of the local area, in order to develop, in a future work, an indicator of the building performances as a useful tool, for authorities, to recognise constructions potentially more exposed to high indoor radon activity concentrations. Results and perspectives have been discussed.
Based on a robust methodological process for classification and mapping, The Ecoregions of Italy ... more Based on a robust methodological process for classification and mapping, The Ecoregions of Italy provides a comprehensive picture of the ecological and geographic arrangement of the country, which is currently being adopted by official bodies as a reference for natural capital accounting, ecological setting of municipalities, mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services, and recognition of threatened ecosystems. The Map and Explanatory Notes presented here are aimed at disseminating knowledge and sharing expertise in different aspects of ecoregion applications, beyond the strict research community. The underlying principles of the classification and the methodology used in establishing the map are synthetically explained and the main distinctive character of each ecoregion is described. Such information will hopefully stimulate both scientific and professional workers to acknowledge that every geographical area holds a specific structural and functional ecological potential- the ‘project of nature’-, and that this potential should never be overlooked when searching for sustainable and long-lasting nature-based solutions, including the deployment of green infrastructure
Karst systems provide 25% of the drinking water resources to the world‘s population and sustain a... more Karst systems provide 25% of the drinking water resources to the world‘s population and sustain aquatic life in most fluvial eco-systems. In contrast, the singular process of aquifer recharge, the particular mechanism of subterranean pathway and the complex interactions between surface and groundwater make these systems highly variable in space-time hydrological behaviour and vulnerable to contamination and pollution. In order to provide a useful approach to integrate traditional approach at the above problem resolution, this chapter describes the findings from Radon-222 activity concentration monitoring data from stream-flow and in-stream springs measurement in typical Mediterranean karst landscapes. The study areas which concern are located in the protected area of the Campania region (Southern Italy), primarily in the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park- European Geopark and Regional Park of Picentini Mnt and surrounding. In these protected areas, the management of the relevant water resources requires adequate groundwater assessment by performing hydro-geomorphological and hydrological modelling supporting planning tasks in water protection for domestic drinking use, riverine wildlife preservation and water quality maintenance in application of the European Water Framework Directive (EWFD)
Indoor radon in buildings is a major cause of lung cancer in Europe, a risk enhanced by exposure ... more Indoor radon in buildings is a major cause of lung cancer in Europe, a risk enhanced by exposure to air pollution and tobacco smoke. Radon monitoring is, so, essential in determining the level of human exposure in living and workplaces. Recent literature has highlighted that historical buildings and archaeological sites could be affected by high Radon activity concentrations because of not only the entering from the soil but also due to the type of building materials and usage.This paper is aimed at monitoring Radon concentration measurement in an historical building in Salerno, Italia, where building material could highly contribute to indoor radon levels. The monitoring was performed over a period of 3 months. The measured concentrations ranged in a wide interval up to 263 Bq/m3 in living environments. Analysing the possible sources, both contributions of Radon from the building materials and from the soil were observed.
The aim of the paper is to apply an object-based geomorphometric procedure to define the runoff c... more The aim of the paper is to apply an object-based geomorphometric procedure to define the runoff contribution areas and support a hydro-geomorphological analysis on a 3-km 2 Mediterranean research catchment (southern Italy). Daily and subhourly discharge and electrical conductivity data were collected and recorded based on three-year monitoring activity. Hydrochemograph analyses on these data revealed a strong seasonal hydrological response in the catchment that were different from 10 the stormflow events that occurred in the wet period and in dry periods. This analysis enabled us to define the hydrochemograph signatures related to increasing flood magnitude, which progressively involves various runoff components (base flow, subsurface flow and surficial flow) and an increasing contributing area to discharge. Field surveys and water table/discharge measurements carried out during a selected storm event enabled us to identify and map specific runoff source areas with homogeneous geomorphological units previously defined as hydro-geomorpho-types (spring points, diffuse seepage 15 along the main channel, seepage along the riparian corridors, diffuse outflow from hillslope taluses and concentrate sapping from colluvial hollows). Following the procedures previously proposed and used by authors for object-based geomorphological mapping, a hydro-geomorphologically-oriented segmentation and classification was performed with an e-Cognition (Trimble, Inc) package. The best agreement with the expert-based geomorphological mapping was obtained with weighted profile and plane curvature sum at different-size windows. Combining the hydro-chemical analysis and object-based hydro-geomorpho-20 type map, the variability of the contribution areas was graphically modelled for the selected event which occurred during the wet season by using the log values of flow accumulation that better fit the contribution areas. The results enabled us to identify the runoff component on hydro-chemograph for each time step and to calculate a specific discharge contribution from each hydro-geomorpho-type. This kind of approach could be useful applied to similar, rainfall-dominated, forested and no-karst catchments in the Mediterranean eco-region.
Summary The aim of the present study is an analysis of the ability of digital hydrograph filterin... more Summary The aim of the present study is an analysis of the ability of digital hydrograph filtering tools for the characterization of the baseflow source contributing to total streamflow for a typical, small, sandstone, rainfall dominated catchment. Daily streamflow and electrical conductivity data for an experimental catchment, the Ciciriello catchment, a 3km 2 watershed located in Southern Italy, have been collected to the purpose since 2012. The application of a mass balance filter (MBF), using electrical conductivity as tracer data, has pointed out a seasonal characterization of the baseflow pattern, contributing to total streamflow by 90% during the low flow period and up to 40% during the high flow period. The Lyne and Hollick one parameter and the two parameters Eckhardt digital filters have been furthermore processed, both in an uncalibrated and calibrated application. Providing a preliminary total streamflow and baseflow recession analysis, the one parameter filter appears particularly suited for ungauged cases, as the uncalibrated and calibrated applications are almost identical, with relative prediction errors, compared to MBF, smaller than 5%. The uncalibrated two parameters filter generates instead large relative error of about 35%. To improve the baseflow description, in particular during the low flow period, and to correct large (28%) underestimation of the minimum baseflow value, a seasonal calibration for the BFI max parameter (the maximum BaseFlow Index that can be modeled by the filter algorithm) is in fact needed.
La gestione delle risorse idriche rappresenta da sempre un tema rilevante, soprattutto alla luce ... more La gestione delle risorse idriche rappresenta da sempre un tema rilevante, soprattutto alla luce delle attuali condizioni di scarsità della risorsa. Elementi utili a tal fine sono i modelli idrologici per la previsione delle portate. Notevoli difficoltà nella loro applicazione si manifestano nel momento in cui debba essere analizzato un contesto di scarsità di dati. Nella memoria proposta si illustra l’applicazione di un modello concettuale semidistribuito per la previsione delle portate in bacini non monitorati, basato su un criterio regionale di individuazione della sollecitazione netta climatica e sulla identificazione a priori dei parametri in funzione delle caratteristiche strutturali dei bacini
The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss the results of the regional program Rad Campania ... more The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss the results of the regional program Rad Campania for the monitoring and the assessment of the radon risk. An innovative methodology, based on a geogenic approach, was developed, supported by a comprehensive campaign of radon measurement performed in soil gas, natural waters, drinking natural water samples and indoor air. Data refer to field measurements carried out in three provinces of the Campania Region (Italy): Salerno, Avellino and Benevento. The programme was completed with the main purpose to investigate the peculiarities of the radon issue at a provincial scale and to redact a map of the radon potential from soil as a tool for authorities to recognise critical areas ("Radon prone areas") to monitor. Since the experience demonstrates that the high radon potential from soil is not indicative of high indoor radon concentrations, in this paper the authors have tried to identify a possible general correlation between geological features of the soil and structural characteristics of the buildings, elaborating more in depth all data collected. The main purpose is to categorize and analyse the performance of different kind of construction, typical of the local area, in order to develop, in a future work, an indicator of the building performances as a useful tool, for authorities, to recognise constructions potentially more exposed to high indoor radon activity concentrations. Results and perspectives have been discussed.
Based on a robust methodological process for classification and mapping, The Ecoregions of Italy ... more Based on a robust methodological process for classification and mapping, The Ecoregions of Italy provides a comprehensive picture of the ecological and geographic arrangement of the country, which is currently being adopted by official bodies as a reference for natural capital accounting, ecological setting of municipalities, mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services, and recognition of threatened ecosystems. The Map and Explanatory Notes presented here are aimed at disseminating knowledge and sharing expertise in different aspects of ecoregion applications, beyond the strict research community. The underlying principles of the classification and the methodology used in establishing the map are synthetically explained and the main distinctive character of each ecoregion is described. Such information will hopefully stimulate both scientific and professional workers to acknowledge that every geographical area holds a specific structural and functional ecological potential- the ‘project of nature’-, and that this potential should never be overlooked when searching for sustainable and long-lasting nature-based solutions, including the deployment of green infrastructure
Karst systems provide 25% of the drinking water resources to the world‘s population and sustain a... more Karst systems provide 25% of the drinking water resources to the world‘s population and sustain aquatic life in most fluvial eco-systems. In contrast, the singular process of aquifer recharge, the particular mechanism of subterranean pathway and the complex interactions between surface and groundwater make these systems highly variable in space-time hydrological behaviour and vulnerable to contamination and pollution. In order to provide a useful approach to integrate traditional approach at the above problem resolution, this chapter describes the findings from Radon-222 activity concentration monitoring data from stream-flow and in-stream springs measurement in typical Mediterranean karst landscapes. The study areas which concern are located in the protected area of the Campania region (Southern Italy), primarily in the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park- European Geopark and Regional Park of Picentini Mnt and surrounding. In these protected areas, the management of the relevant water resources requires adequate groundwater assessment by performing hydro-geomorphological and hydrological modelling supporting planning tasks in water protection for domestic drinking use, riverine wildlife preservation and water quality maintenance in application of the European Water Framework Directive (EWFD)
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Papers by Domenico GUIDA