The aim of the present research is studying the effect of potassium permanganate addition on the ... more The aim of the present research is studying the effect of potassium permanganate addition on the pre-oxidation and coagulation of the surface water. River Nile and El Rayah El Tawfeky of Benha city, Egypt were the surface water supply used in this research. The results showed that El Rayah El Tawfeky raw water had higher turbidity concentration and humic acids absorbance (8.5 NTU and 0.024, respectively) than that of River Nile (6.5 NTU and 0.018, respectively). The optimum dose of potassium permanganate ranged between 4 and 6 mg/L for coagulation process, while for oxidation of humic acid, at higher dose of potassium permanganate a higher removal can be achieved. At a constant dose of potassium permanganate (6 mg/L), the optimum dose of alum ranged between 40 - 60 mg/L and it was 85 - 105 mg/L for ferric sulfate. Addition of potassium permanganate (6 mg/L) to the raw water of El Rayah El Tawfeky and River Nile without using of any coagulant resulted in a turbidity removal of about ...
ABSTRACT This study deals with the separation of n-butanol from aqueous solutions by pervaporatio... more ABSTRACT This study deals with the separation of n-butanol from aqueous solutions by pervaporation. The effects of feed concentration, temperature, and membrane thickness on the separation performance were investigated. Over the low feed butanol concentration range (0.03–0.4 wt%) studied, the butanol flux was shown to increase proportionally with an increase in the feed butanol concentration, whereas the water flux was relatively constant. An increase in temperature increased both the butanol and water fluxes, and the increase in butanol flux was more pronounced than water flux, resulting in an increase in separation factor. While the permeation flux could be enhanced by reducing the membrane thickness as expected for all rate-controlled processes, the separation factor was compromised when the membrane became thinner. The effect of membrane thickness on the separation performance was analyzed taking into account the boundary layer effect. This could not be fully attributed to the concentration polarization, which was found not significant enough to dominate the mass transport. A variation in the membrane thickness would vary the local concentration of permeant inside the membrane, thereby affecting the permeation of butanol and water differently. Thus, caution should be exercised in using permeation flux normalized by a given thickness to predict the separation performance of a membrane with a different thickness because the membrane selectivity can be affected by the membrane thickness even in the absence of boundary layer effect.
The extraction equilibria of copper(II) with Cyanex 301, LIX ® 984N, and their mixtures have been... more The extraction equilibria of copper(II) with Cyanex 301, LIX ® 984N, and their mixtures have been investigated. Extraction was studied as a function of organic phase composition, sulfuric acid concentration, pH, temperature, initial copper concentration, mixing speed, and aqueous/organic volume ratio. Considerable synergistic enhancement has been observed in the extraction of Cu 2+ with mixtures of Cyanex 301 and LIX ® 984N. The results demonstrate that copper ion is extracted as CuRL 2 H with synergistic mixture. The thermodynamic parameter, enthalpy change (H) of Cyanex 301, LIX ® 984N, and their mixtures have been determined and the endothermic process has been found. The synergistic enhancement factor of copper(II) with mixtures is higher at more acidic solutions, which suggests that it is a promising synergistic extraction system for the separation of copper(II) from more acidic medium. HCl was found to be more efficient for copper stripping from loaded synergistic mixtures.
The separation of zinc and copper ions from sulfuric acid solutions by an emulsion liquid membran... more The separation of zinc and copper ions from sulfuric acid solutions by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as a carrier, has been investigated. The batch extraction of zinc and copper was carried out while varying a selection of experimental conditions, i.e., stirring speed, treatment ratio, concentrations of metal ions in the feed phase, carrier and Span 80 concentration in the membrane, and internal phase concentration. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of D2EHPA as a carrier for the separation of zinc and copper from sulfuric acid media using an ELM. An increase of the D2EHPA concentration beyond 2 vol.-% does not result in the improved extraction of zinc because the viscosities of the membrane and emulsion have a trend to increase for higher carrier concentrations. It was found that the extraction rate of copper was affected by the carrier concentration in the liquid membrane and by the pH and metal content in the external phase. A 3 vol.-% concentration of surfactant in the organic phase was required to stabilize the emulsion. The number of stages required for the extraction of zinc and copper by an ELM was determined from McCabe-Thiele plots.
ABSTRACT Emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) can contribute to process intensification of zinc extra... more ABSTRACT Emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) can contribute to process intensification of zinc extraction, by significantly reducing the solvent and carrier requirements in comparison with conventional solvent extraction. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was used as a highly selective carrier for the transport of zinc ions through the emulsified liquid membrane. The hollow-fiber extractor appears to offer significant advantages over conventional liquid–liquid contactors for this separation because emulsion leakage and swell are practically eliminated even when treating high concentration feeds. Various hydrodynamic and chemical parameters, such as variation in feed pH; zinc concentration in feed; variation in concentrations of D2EHPA; variation in feed/emulsion volume ratios and variation in feed and emulsion flow rates, were investigated. The content of sulfuric acid as an internal did not show in the studied range any significant influence on zinc extraction through the ELM, although a minimum hydrogen ion concentration is suggested in the internal aqueous solution to ensure acidity gradient between both aqueous phases to promote the permeation of zinc ions toward the internal phase. The experimental mass-transfer coefficients have shown a stronger dependence on hydrodynamic conditions in both the external feed phase and emulsion among the parameters studied. For emulsion flow rate, mass-transfer coefficient increased from 16.3 × 10−6 m/s at 200 ml/min to 31.2 × 10−6 m/s at 640 ml/min. Significant increasing in mass-transfer coefficient observed with increasing aqueous flow rate from 9.7 × 10−6 m/s at 170 ml/min to 37.2 × 10−6 m/s at 740 ml/min. The overall mass-transfer coefficient increases from 12 × 10−6 m/s at 2% D2EHPA to 28 × 10−6 m/s at 8% D2EHPA. This means that this process is chemically controlled and the interfacial resistance has a more significant role in the extraction of zinc by emulsion liquid membrane through hollow-fiber contactor. From the results obtained, it seems that the diffusion processes in aqueous feed phase and the membrane phase have the same importance as the chemical process.
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
The high sensitivity of crystallization to shear flow is a subject of great research interest the... more The high sensitivity of crystallization to shear flow is a subject of great research interest the last several years. A set of syndiotactic polypropylene/clay composite samples were used to examine the effect of shear flow on crystallization kinetics. This phenomenon alters both processing and material final properties. In the present work, the effects of clay contents and shear flow on the rate of flow induced crystallization were investigated using rheological technique. Small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments were performed using advanced rheometric expansion system (ARES). The crystallization rate is found to alter by both shear and clay contents in the polymer composites.
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
This study focuses on evaluating the process parameters and their effects on extraction of lead a... more This study focuses on evaluating the process parameters and their effects on extraction of lead as well as emulsion breaking. The Signal / Noise ratios have been used to study the performance characteristics. Six parameters affecting extraction by emulsion liquid membrane, namely, TOPO, Span80, and internal phase concentration, feed/emulsion ratio, agitation time and feed pH have been optimized with considerations to lead extraction and emulsion breaking. The standardized effects of the independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limits (α= 0.05) and Pareto chart. The use of the optimal values of these parameters has been proved useful in maximizing the extraction efficiency and minimizing the emulsion breakage. TOPO concentration of 0.1498 M, Span 80 concentration of 3.007 v%, Internal phase concentration of 0.183 M, Feed/emulsion volume ratio of 1.407, agitation time of 30 minutes, and feed pH of 5 are determined...
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Feb 1, 2017
The high sensitivity of rheology to microstructure properties of polymer has drawn attention of m... more The high sensitivity of rheology to microstructure properties of polymer has drawn attention of many researchers from last few decades. A set of syndiotactic polypropylene/clay (sPP/clay) composite samples was used to study the influence of clay contents on the rheological behavior of sPP/clay composites in the melt phase. Small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments were performed using Advanced Rheometric Expansion System. The plateau modulus was found to increase with increasing the clay loading. Consequently, both entanglement molecular weight and packing length were found to decrease with increasing the clay loading. This result confirms that clay contents in the polymer/clay composites affect chain dimensions and parameters and consequently all the chain dynamics.
Heavy metal ions such as cadmium, zinc, copper, lead and nickel are hazardous to both human life ... more Heavy metal ions such as cadmium, zinc, copper, lead and nickel are hazardous to both human life and the environment. In the present work study on the feasibility of the thermally treated Saudi Arabian clay for the removal of lead was carried out. The removal of lead (Pb2+) using thermally treated Saudi Arabian clay as a low-cost alternative natural adsorbent from aqueous solutions is investigated. Batch adsorption kinetic studies show the adsorption of lead metal ions (Pb2+) is strongly affected by initial pH of the solution, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent doses. It has been found that the amount of adsorption of lead increases with initial metal ion concentration and solution pH but decreases with the amount of adsorbent. The adsorbent exhibited good sorption potential for lead at pH 6. Freundlich isotherm adsorption equations reasonably describe the adsorption isotherm within the metal ion concentration range. It has been established that thermally treated Saudi Ar...
Since cadmium is one of the heavy metals which are harmful for human health, recovery and removal... more Since cadmium is one of the heavy metals which are harmful for human health, recovery and removal of cadmium from electronic wastes leaching solutions and waste water is mandatory. In this project, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique was developed for the extraction of cadmium present in aqueous samples. TOPO (tri octyl phosphine oxide) was used as a neutral extractant to extract and concentrate of cadmium at the same time. Hence in order to enhance the extraction % of cadmium, optimum conditions has to be determined when applying emulsion liquid membrane technique. Carrier, surfactant and internal phase concentrations as well as external/emulsion ratio, stirring time, external phase pH, etc. are considered as the influencing parameters of the ELM. Optimization of these parameters is achieved by employing Taguchi method for five levels variations of the above parameters using an L25 orthogonal array. Higher the better concept has been used to get a higher extraction %. Accordin...
Blended polyethersulfone/polyimide (PES/PI) membranes for the separation of CO2 from flue gases h... more Blended polyethersulfone/polyimide (PES/PI) membranes for the separation of CO2 from flue gases have been explored. Asymmetric PES/PI blended flat sheet membranes were prepared using phase inversion technique. The proportions of polyimide (PI) in the blended PES/PI membranes were kept within 5-20%. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) investigations showed that the surfaces of blended membranes are highly homogeneous and their cross-sections showed non-porous top and very little porous substructure. FTIR study shows the characteristic frequency shifts at 1140 cm-1 and 1710 cm-1 for PES and PI respectively in the blended membrane composition. The permeability of CO2 increased with the increase in PI content and it slowly decreased with the increase in the pressure.
In the present study, the analysis and optimization of the extraction of cadmium by emulsion liqu... more In the present study, the analysis and optimization of the extraction of cadmium by emulsion liquid membrane process has been studied. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to identify the effect of emulsion liquid membrane parameters. These included the tri-octyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO) concentration, sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) concentration, internal sulfuric acid concentration, external/emulsion phase ratio, stirring time and external phase acidity (pH). A reduced quadratic model was found to best fit the experimental data. The model was employed to evaluate the optimum combination levels of emulsion liquid membrane process parameters. The results showed a statistically significant effect of TOPO, Span80, and internal sulfuric acid concentrations on the extraction percentage of cadmium. A statistically significant interaction was found between Span 80 and external/emulsion ratio, between TOPO and Span 80, and between TOPO and internal sulfuric acid. The analysis o...
International Journal of Research in Science(ISSN Online: 2412-4389)
The main objectives of this research were focused on extracting nickel ions from waste water usin... more The main objectives of this research were focused on extracting nickel ions from waste water using emulsion liquid membrane as well as determining the optimal conditions for the extraction process. Taguchi experimental design method was applied to determine the optimum extraction conditions. The controllable factors of the emulsion liquid membrane process were carrier; surfactant; and internal phase concentration, treating ratio, stirring time, and feed phase acidity were optimized. The contribution of each controllable factor was also explored. The results indicated the greatest effect of the carrier concentration in comparison to other parameters. The five other parameters slightly affected the extraction percentage of nickel. The optimum conditions for the extraction was found to be carrier concentration (M) of 0.25, surfactant concentration (v %) of 10, internal phase concentration (M) of 0.1, external / emulsion ratio (v/v) of 5, stirring time (min.) of 1, and feed phase pH of 0.5
Blended polyethersulfone/polyimide (PES/PI) membranes for the separation of CO2 from flue gases h... more Blended polyethersulfone/polyimide (PES/PI) membranes for the separation of CO2 from flue gases have been explored. Asymmetric PES/PI blended flat sheet membranes were prepared using phase inversion technique. The proportions of polyimide (PI) in the blended PES/PI membranes were kept within 5-20%. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) investigations showed that the surfaces of blended membranes are highly homogeneous and their cross-sections showed non-porous top and very little porous substructure. FTIR study shows the characteristic frequency shifts at 1140 cm-1 and 1710 cm-1 for PES and PI respectively in the blended membrane composition. The permeability of CO2 increased with the increase in PI content and it slowly decreased with the increase in the pressure.
Since cadmium is one of the heavy metals which are harmful for human health, recovery and removal... more Since cadmium is one of the heavy metals which are harmful for human health, recovery and removal of cadmium from electronic wastes leaching solutions and waste water is mandatory. In this project, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique was developed for the extraction of cadmium present in aqueous samples. TOPO (tri octyl phosphine oxide) was used as a neutral extractant to extract and concentrate of cadmium at the same time. Hence in order to enhance the extraction % of cadmium, optimum conditions has to be determined when applying emulsion liquid membrane technique. Carrier, surfactant and internal phase concentrations as well as external/emulsion ratio, stirring time, external phase pH, etc. are considered as the influencing parameters of the ELM. Optimization of these parameters is achieved by employing Taguchi method for five levels variations of the above parameters using an L25 orthogonal array. Higher the better concept has been used to get a higher extraction %. Accordin...
The aim of the present research is studying the effect of potassium permanganate addition on the ... more The aim of the present research is studying the effect of potassium permanganate addition on the pre-oxidation and coagulation of the surface water. River Nile and El Rayah El Tawfeky of Benha city, Egypt were the surface water supply used in this research. The results showed that El Rayah El Tawfeky raw water had higher turbidity concentration and humic acids absorbance (8.5 NTU and 0.024, respectively) than that of River Nile (6.5 NTU and 0.018, respectively). The optimum dose of potassium permanganate ranged between 4 and 6 mg/L for coagulation process, while for oxidation of humic acid, at higher dose of potassium permanganate a higher removal can be achieved. At a constant dose of potassium permanganate (6 mg/L), the optimum dose of alum ranged between 40 - 60 mg/L and it was 85 - 105 mg/L for ferric sulfate. Addition of potassium permanganate (6 mg/L) to the raw water of El Rayah El Tawfeky and River Nile without using of any coagulant resulted in a turbidity removal of about ...
ABSTRACT This study deals with the separation of n-butanol from aqueous solutions by pervaporatio... more ABSTRACT This study deals with the separation of n-butanol from aqueous solutions by pervaporation. The effects of feed concentration, temperature, and membrane thickness on the separation performance were investigated. Over the low feed butanol concentration range (0.03–0.4 wt%) studied, the butanol flux was shown to increase proportionally with an increase in the feed butanol concentration, whereas the water flux was relatively constant. An increase in temperature increased both the butanol and water fluxes, and the increase in butanol flux was more pronounced than water flux, resulting in an increase in separation factor. While the permeation flux could be enhanced by reducing the membrane thickness as expected for all rate-controlled processes, the separation factor was compromised when the membrane became thinner. The effect of membrane thickness on the separation performance was analyzed taking into account the boundary layer effect. This could not be fully attributed to the concentration polarization, which was found not significant enough to dominate the mass transport. A variation in the membrane thickness would vary the local concentration of permeant inside the membrane, thereby affecting the permeation of butanol and water differently. Thus, caution should be exercised in using permeation flux normalized by a given thickness to predict the separation performance of a membrane with a different thickness because the membrane selectivity can be affected by the membrane thickness even in the absence of boundary layer effect.
The extraction equilibria of copper(II) with Cyanex 301, LIX ® 984N, and their mixtures have been... more The extraction equilibria of copper(II) with Cyanex 301, LIX ® 984N, and their mixtures have been investigated. Extraction was studied as a function of organic phase composition, sulfuric acid concentration, pH, temperature, initial copper concentration, mixing speed, and aqueous/organic volume ratio. Considerable synergistic enhancement has been observed in the extraction of Cu 2+ with mixtures of Cyanex 301 and LIX ® 984N. The results demonstrate that copper ion is extracted as CuRL 2 H with synergistic mixture. The thermodynamic parameter, enthalpy change (H) of Cyanex 301, LIX ® 984N, and their mixtures have been determined and the endothermic process has been found. The synergistic enhancement factor of copper(II) with mixtures is higher at more acidic solutions, which suggests that it is a promising synergistic extraction system for the separation of copper(II) from more acidic medium. HCl was found to be more efficient for copper stripping from loaded synergistic mixtures.
The separation of zinc and copper ions from sulfuric acid solutions by an emulsion liquid membran... more The separation of zinc and copper ions from sulfuric acid solutions by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as a carrier, has been investigated. The batch extraction of zinc and copper was carried out while varying a selection of experimental conditions, i.e., stirring speed, treatment ratio, concentrations of metal ions in the feed phase, carrier and Span 80 concentration in the membrane, and internal phase concentration. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of D2EHPA as a carrier for the separation of zinc and copper from sulfuric acid media using an ELM. An increase of the D2EHPA concentration beyond 2 vol.-% does not result in the improved extraction of zinc because the viscosities of the membrane and emulsion have a trend to increase for higher carrier concentrations. It was found that the extraction rate of copper was affected by the carrier concentration in the liquid membrane and by the pH and metal content in the external phase. A 3 vol.-% concentration of surfactant in the organic phase was required to stabilize the emulsion. The number of stages required for the extraction of zinc and copper by an ELM was determined from McCabe-Thiele plots.
ABSTRACT Emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) can contribute to process intensification of zinc extra... more ABSTRACT Emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) can contribute to process intensification of zinc extraction, by significantly reducing the solvent and carrier requirements in comparison with conventional solvent extraction. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was used as a highly selective carrier for the transport of zinc ions through the emulsified liquid membrane. The hollow-fiber extractor appears to offer significant advantages over conventional liquid–liquid contactors for this separation because emulsion leakage and swell are practically eliminated even when treating high concentration feeds. Various hydrodynamic and chemical parameters, such as variation in feed pH; zinc concentration in feed; variation in concentrations of D2EHPA; variation in feed/emulsion volume ratios and variation in feed and emulsion flow rates, were investigated. The content of sulfuric acid as an internal did not show in the studied range any significant influence on zinc extraction through the ELM, although a minimum hydrogen ion concentration is suggested in the internal aqueous solution to ensure acidity gradient between both aqueous phases to promote the permeation of zinc ions toward the internal phase. The experimental mass-transfer coefficients have shown a stronger dependence on hydrodynamic conditions in both the external feed phase and emulsion among the parameters studied. For emulsion flow rate, mass-transfer coefficient increased from 16.3 × 10−6 m/s at 200 ml/min to 31.2 × 10−6 m/s at 640 ml/min. Significant increasing in mass-transfer coefficient observed with increasing aqueous flow rate from 9.7 × 10−6 m/s at 170 ml/min to 37.2 × 10−6 m/s at 740 ml/min. The overall mass-transfer coefficient increases from 12 × 10−6 m/s at 2% D2EHPA to 28 × 10−6 m/s at 8% D2EHPA. This means that this process is chemically controlled and the interfacial resistance has a more significant role in the extraction of zinc by emulsion liquid membrane through hollow-fiber contactor. From the results obtained, it seems that the diffusion processes in aqueous feed phase and the membrane phase have the same importance as the chemical process.
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
The high sensitivity of crystallization to shear flow is a subject of great research interest the... more The high sensitivity of crystallization to shear flow is a subject of great research interest the last several years. A set of syndiotactic polypropylene/clay composite samples were used to examine the effect of shear flow on crystallization kinetics. This phenomenon alters both processing and material final properties. In the present work, the effects of clay contents and shear flow on the rate of flow induced crystallization were investigated using rheological technique. Small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments were performed using advanced rheometric expansion system (ARES). The crystallization rate is found to alter by both shear and clay contents in the polymer composites.
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
This study focuses on evaluating the process parameters and their effects on extraction of lead a... more This study focuses on evaluating the process parameters and their effects on extraction of lead as well as emulsion breaking. The Signal / Noise ratios have been used to study the performance characteristics. Six parameters affecting extraction by emulsion liquid membrane, namely, TOPO, Span80, and internal phase concentration, feed/emulsion ratio, agitation time and feed pH have been optimized with considerations to lead extraction and emulsion breaking. The standardized effects of the independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limits (α= 0.05) and Pareto chart. The use of the optimal values of these parameters has been proved useful in maximizing the extraction efficiency and minimizing the emulsion breakage. TOPO concentration of 0.1498 M, Span 80 concentration of 3.007 v%, Internal phase concentration of 0.183 M, Feed/emulsion volume ratio of 1.407, agitation time of 30 minutes, and feed pH of 5 are determined...
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Feb 1, 2017
The high sensitivity of rheology to microstructure properties of polymer has drawn attention of m... more The high sensitivity of rheology to microstructure properties of polymer has drawn attention of many researchers from last few decades. A set of syndiotactic polypropylene/clay (sPP/clay) composite samples was used to study the influence of clay contents on the rheological behavior of sPP/clay composites in the melt phase. Small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments were performed using Advanced Rheometric Expansion System. The plateau modulus was found to increase with increasing the clay loading. Consequently, both entanglement molecular weight and packing length were found to decrease with increasing the clay loading. This result confirms that clay contents in the polymer/clay composites affect chain dimensions and parameters and consequently all the chain dynamics.
Heavy metal ions such as cadmium, zinc, copper, lead and nickel are hazardous to both human life ... more Heavy metal ions such as cadmium, zinc, copper, lead and nickel are hazardous to both human life and the environment. In the present work study on the feasibility of the thermally treated Saudi Arabian clay for the removal of lead was carried out. The removal of lead (Pb2+) using thermally treated Saudi Arabian clay as a low-cost alternative natural adsorbent from aqueous solutions is investigated. Batch adsorption kinetic studies show the adsorption of lead metal ions (Pb2+) is strongly affected by initial pH of the solution, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent doses. It has been found that the amount of adsorption of lead increases with initial metal ion concentration and solution pH but decreases with the amount of adsorbent. The adsorbent exhibited good sorption potential for lead at pH 6. Freundlich isotherm adsorption equations reasonably describe the adsorption isotherm within the metal ion concentration range. It has been established that thermally treated Saudi Ar...
Since cadmium is one of the heavy metals which are harmful for human health, recovery and removal... more Since cadmium is one of the heavy metals which are harmful for human health, recovery and removal of cadmium from electronic wastes leaching solutions and waste water is mandatory. In this project, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique was developed for the extraction of cadmium present in aqueous samples. TOPO (tri octyl phosphine oxide) was used as a neutral extractant to extract and concentrate of cadmium at the same time. Hence in order to enhance the extraction % of cadmium, optimum conditions has to be determined when applying emulsion liquid membrane technique. Carrier, surfactant and internal phase concentrations as well as external/emulsion ratio, stirring time, external phase pH, etc. are considered as the influencing parameters of the ELM. Optimization of these parameters is achieved by employing Taguchi method for five levels variations of the above parameters using an L25 orthogonal array. Higher the better concept has been used to get a higher extraction %. Accordin...
Blended polyethersulfone/polyimide (PES/PI) membranes for the separation of CO2 from flue gases h... more Blended polyethersulfone/polyimide (PES/PI) membranes for the separation of CO2 from flue gases have been explored. Asymmetric PES/PI blended flat sheet membranes were prepared using phase inversion technique. The proportions of polyimide (PI) in the blended PES/PI membranes were kept within 5-20%. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) investigations showed that the surfaces of blended membranes are highly homogeneous and their cross-sections showed non-porous top and very little porous substructure. FTIR study shows the characteristic frequency shifts at 1140 cm-1 and 1710 cm-1 for PES and PI respectively in the blended membrane composition. The permeability of CO2 increased with the increase in PI content and it slowly decreased with the increase in the pressure.
In the present study, the analysis and optimization of the extraction of cadmium by emulsion liqu... more In the present study, the analysis and optimization of the extraction of cadmium by emulsion liquid membrane process has been studied. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to identify the effect of emulsion liquid membrane parameters. These included the tri-octyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO) concentration, sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) concentration, internal sulfuric acid concentration, external/emulsion phase ratio, stirring time and external phase acidity (pH). A reduced quadratic model was found to best fit the experimental data. The model was employed to evaluate the optimum combination levels of emulsion liquid membrane process parameters. The results showed a statistically significant effect of TOPO, Span80, and internal sulfuric acid concentrations on the extraction percentage of cadmium. A statistically significant interaction was found between Span 80 and external/emulsion ratio, between TOPO and Span 80, and between TOPO and internal sulfuric acid. The analysis o...
International Journal of Research in Science(ISSN Online: 2412-4389)
The main objectives of this research were focused on extracting nickel ions from waste water usin... more The main objectives of this research were focused on extracting nickel ions from waste water using emulsion liquid membrane as well as determining the optimal conditions for the extraction process. Taguchi experimental design method was applied to determine the optimum extraction conditions. The controllable factors of the emulsion liquid membrane process were carrier; surfactant; and internal phase concentration, treating ratio, stirring time, and feed phase acidity were optimized. The contribution of each controllable factor was also explored. The results indicated the greatest effect of the carrier concentration in comparison to other parameters. The five other parameters slightly affected the extraction percentage of nickel. The optimum conditions for the extraction was found to be carrier concentration (M) of 0.25, surfactant concentration (v %) of 10, internal phase concentration (M) of 0.1, external / emulsion ratio (v/v) of 5, stirring time (min.) of 1, and feed phase pH of 0.5
Blended polyethersulfone/polyimide (PES/PI) membranes for the separation of CO2 from flue gases h... more Blended polyethersulfone/polyimide (PES/PI) membranes for the separation of CO2 from flue gases have been explored. Asymmetric PES/PI blended flat sheet membranes were prepared using phase inversion technique. The proportions of polyimide (PI) in the blended PES/PI membranes were kept within 5-20%. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) investigations showed that the surfaces of blended membranes are highly homogeneous and their cross-sections showed non-porous top and very little porous substructure. FTIR study shows the characteristic frequency shifts at 1140 cm-1 and 1710 cm-1 for PES and PI respectively in the blended membrane composition. The permeability of CO2 increased with the increase in PI content and it slowly decreased with the increase in the pressure.
Since cadmium is one of the heavy metals which are harmful for human health, recovery and removal... more Since cadmium is one of the heavy metals which are harmful for human health, recovery and removal of cadmium from electronic wastes leaching solutions and waste water is mandatory. In this project, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique was developed for the extraction of cadmium present in aqueous samples. TOPO (tri octyl phosphine oxide) was used as a neutral extractant to extract and concentrate of cadmium at the same time. Hence in order to enhance the extraction % of cadmium, optimum conditions has to be determined when applying emulsion liquid membrane technique. Carrier, surfactant and internal phase concentrations as well as external/emulsion ratio, stirring time, external phase pH, etc. are considered as the influencing parameters of the ELM. Optimization of these parameters is achieved by employing Taguchi method for five levels variations of the above parameters using an L25 orthogonal array. Higher the better concept has been used to get a higher extraction %. Accordin...
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