Background and justification: Ethiopia is the third largest sorghum producer in Africa next to Ni... more Background and justification: Ethiopia is the third largest sorghum producer in Africa next to Nigeria and Sudan. Shortage of widely adapted and stable high yielding variety is one of the major bottlenecks for production and productivity of sorghum in the country. Grain yield performance is not the only parameter for selection as a genotype with the highest grain yield would not necessarily mean stable and adaptable across location and years. Eberhart and Russell (1996) and AMMI model could be the preferable tools to identify stable, high yielding and adaptable genotype (s) for wider or specific environments. Objectives: To identify stable high yielding sorghum varieties that could be adapted for wider and/or specific environments and make recommendations for further demonstration and production in the test environments and similar agro ecologies. Material and methods: A total of 21 released sorghum varieties and a local check were evaluated at three locations in western Ethiopia (Bako, Gute, Biloboshe) and two locations in eastern Ethiopia (Mechara and Mieso) in 2017 main cropping seasons. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. Summary of results and application of the study: The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant effect of environment and genotype by environment interactions for grain yield. This indicated that the tested varieties showed inconsistent grain yield performance across locations. Birmash variety gave the highest grain yield with average yield of 3.5 ton ha -1 but specifically adapted to Gute, Biloboshe and Mechara. Baji was the second high yielding variety with mean grain yield of 3.3 ton ha -1 and relatively with wider adaptability. The first two IPCAs accounted for a total of 88.64% of the interaction sum square. In general, deviation from regression coefficient, AMMI stability value and genotype selection index revealed that Baji, Birmash, Emahoy, IS9302 and Gambella-1107 were relatively stable varieties with optimum grain yield and therefore recommended for further demonstration and popularization in the test locations and areas with similar agro-ecologies.
Low productivity of Hot pepper in Ethiopia was associated with different factors among which lack... more Low productivity of Hot pepper in Ethiopia was associated with different factors among which lack of well adapted varieties are most important ones in the area. Thus, adaptation trial of hot pepper varieties were conducted in Buno Bedele and Ilubabor zone with the objective of evaluating the performance and adaptability of introduced and improved varieties in different Hot pepper varieties. Four hot pepper varieties including local check were studied for their vegetative growth performance and pod yield under rain fed conditions in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data on different important characters were collected and analyzed using SAS Software of 9.4 version. Thus, combined analysis of data revealed that, varieties showed highly significant at (P <0.01) for all collected parameters. The longest days to maturity (126.67 days) was recorded from Oda haro while the shortest days to maturity (117.67 days) was recorded from Local variety. Beside, the highest Pod number per plant (71.38) was recorded by Melka shote variety and the lowest Pod number per plant (39.87) was recorded from Oda haro. The longest (10.60) and the shortest (8.14) Pod length was recorded from Oda haro and Melka awaze varieties respectively. More wider (1.25cm) and more narrower (0.80cm) Pod diameter were recorded from Oda haro and Melka shote varieties respectively. More over the highest (3.80 t ha -1 ) and the lowest (2.32 t ha -1 ) Pod yield was recorded from Melka shote and Local varieties, respectively. Melka shote and Melka awaze varieties were resistant to disease (5r) than other varieties. However Oda haro and Local varieties were moderately susceptible (40ms) and moderately resistant (30mr) respectively. The result of the correlation analysis also revealed that Pod number and Branch number were significantly and positively correlated with Marketable and Total pod yield. Likewise Marketable pod yield was also significantly and positively correlated with Total pod yield. Thus, Melka shote and Melka awaze were varieties showed better performance with their mean yield and yield component. Therefore, these two varieties are recommended to be demonstrated on farmer's field for further scaling up.
The Experiment was conducted at Mechara Agricultural Research Center on station and Miesso sub-si... more The Experiment was conducted at Mechara Agricultural Research Center on station and Miesso sub-site during 2017 cropping season. The objective was to estimate the Phenotypic and genotypic variability among released sorghum varieties. Data was collected and analyzed based on eight traits like: Days to flowering(days), Days to maturity(days), Grain filling period(days), Grain filling rate(%), Head weight(gram), Hundred seed weight(gram), Stand count at harvest(number) and Grain yield(ton/ha). These traits and variances were recorded on 22 genotypes of sorghum. Results of statistical analysis showed that all traits had higher phenotypic variance and phenotypic coefficient of variation than genotypic variance and genotypic coefficient of variation, which indicated the influence of environment was least, and can be exploited in breeding programs. The genotypes exhibited varying degrees ratios of heritability for most traits. Such traits were responded positively to selection due to high broad sense heritability estimates. These data demonstrated high diversity for the traits studied of genotypes used and finally Baji and Birmash was recommended for further demonstration on farmer's field.
The final technical report for Phase I of this research project was divided into two parts; R1 an... more The final technical report for Phase I of this research project was divided into two parts; R1 and R2. This report R2 serves as a supplement to Report R1. Report R1 provided a detailed account of research activities conducted up to the construction of exploratory field test sections in Phase I. This report R2 provides a preliminary analysis of monitoring data collected from six exploratory field test sections. Based on early data, a seventh test section was also constructed. However, the data from that section has not been analyzed at the time of writing this report. The research team will conduct a detailed analysis of data collected from these test sections in preparation for full-scale test sections to be constructed at the Texas Tech outdoor testing site in the summer of 2017 under Phase II of this project. This research project was designed to be conducted in the following three Phases, beginning with the development of individual components and ending with the deployment of full-scale proof of concept highway projects; Phase I: Design and Demonstration (18 months), Phase II: Integration Component Demonstrations (24 months), Phase III: Final Demonstrations (12 months). Phase I was required to demonstrate any associated high-risk technologies including the use of material systems to control maximum and minimum service temperatures in the pavement surface layer, and to improve the quality and performance of layers supporting it. This is to be followed by Phase II, with integration of technologies determined to be technically viable in Phase I, while improving constructability and sustainability. Phase I concluded with the construction of exploratory field testing of novel materials system. Technical work covered in this report were carried out by seven research groups at Texas Tech University.
The final technical report for Phase I of this research project was divided into two parts; R1 an... more The final technical report for Phase I of this research project was divided into two parts; R1 and R2. This report R2 serves as a supplement to Report R1. Report R1 provided a detailed account of research activities conducted up to the construction of exploratory field test sections in Phase I. This report R2 provides a preliminary analysis of monitoring data collected from six exploratory field test sections. Based on early data, a seventh test section was also constructed. However, the data from that section has not been analyzed at the time of writing this report. The research team will conduct a detailed analysis of data collected from these test sections in preparation for full-scale test sections to be constructed at the Texas Tech outdoor testing site in the summer of 2017 under Phase II of this project. This research project was designed to be conducted in the following three Phases, beginning with the development of individual components and ending with the deployment of full-scale proof of concept highway projects; Phase I: Design and Demonstration (18 months), Phase II: Integration Component Demonstrations (24 months), Phase III: Final Demonstrations (12 months). Phase I was required to demonstrate any associated high-risk technologies including the use of material systems to control maximum and minimum service temperatures in the pavement surface layer, and to improve the quality and performance of layers supporting it. This is to be followed by Phase II, with integration of technologies determined to be technically viable in Phase I, while improving constructability and sustainability. Phase I concluded with the construction of exploratory field testing of novel materials system. Technical work covered in this report were carried out by seven research groups at Texas Tech University.
Sorghum is the first most important cereal crop in West Hararghe. However, national figure of gra... more Sorghum is the first most important cereal crop in West Hararghe. However, national figure of grain production still remains below than the world's average grain production per unit area due to different biotic and a biotic factor. Among the biotic factors, stalk borer was considered to be the most important insect pests of sorghum and maize in all areas of the country. As a management option different scholars were recommended sowing date. But there was conflicting report on the relationship between sowing time and borer infestation and damage. It was very crucial to identify the better days of sowing in the zone to reduce pest infestation and increase yield of the crop. Thus, this experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of sowing date on infestation of sorghum stalk borer. Chiro varieties was used for experimentation and sown at seven days interval for six weeks starting from 1 st onset of rainfall. The treatments were arranged by RCBD design with three replications. Ea...
An experiment was conducted in three districts of western Hararghe zone at Daro Lebu, Habro and O... more An experiment was conducted in three districts of western Hararghe zone at Daro Lebu, Habro and Oda Bultum in 2016/2017 cropping season in order to identify and promote well adapted improved tef variety/s. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The most important data of the trial like days to50-% flowering, plant height, panicle length, maturity date, biomass harvest index and yield kg/ha were collected. The collected data was analyzed using Genstat statistical software and means were separated using least significance difference. Combined analysis of data revealed that, varieties varied significantly at (P <0.05) for grain yield kg/ha and maturity date highly significance difference at (P<0.01) for plant height and days to 50% flowering and the rest parameters were showed no significance difference. Gimbichu and Boset were the two varieties showed relatively better yield with a value of 1794 and 1789 kgha -1 respectively. Ken...
An experiment was conducted in three districts of West Hararghe Zone at Gemechis (Quni segeria FT... more An experiment was conducted in three districts of West Hararghe Zone at Gemechis (Quni segeria FTC), Chiro (Arbarakate FTC) and Tullo (Gara qufa FTC) in 2018 cropping season in order to identify and promote well performed and adapted improved barley variety/s. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Ten (10) improved barley varieties including local check were used as experimental materials. The most important data of the trial like days to50% flowering, Days to maturity, plant height, spike length, diseases, Plant aspect and yield qt ha-1 were collected and analyzed using Genstat 16th edition statistical software and means were separated using least significance difference. Almost most parameters (Days to heading, days to maturity, spike length and grain yield) analysed from individual location were significantly affected due to the main effect of both locations and Environments. Combined analysis of data revealed that, variet...
Background and justification: Ethiopia is the third largest sorghum producer in Africa next to Ni... more Background and justification: Ethiopia is the third largest sorghum producer in Africa next to Nigeria and Sudan. Shortage of widely adapted and stable high yielding variety is one of the major bottlenecks for production and productivity of sorghum in the country. Grain yield performance is not the only parameter for selection as a genotype with the highest grain yield would not necessarily mean stable and adaptable across location and years. Eberhart and Russell (1996) and AMMI model could be the preferable tools to identify stable, high yielding and adaptable genotype (s) for wider or specific environments. Objectives: To identify stable high yielding sorghum varieties that could be adapted for wider and/or specific environments and make recommendations for further demonstration and production in the test environments and similar agro ecologies. Material and methods: A total of 21 released sorghum varieties and a local check were evaluated at three locations in western Ethiopia (Bako, Gute, Biloboshe) and two locations in eastern Ethiopia (Mechara and Mieso) in 2017 main cropping seasons. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. Summary of results and application of the study: The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant effect of environment and genotype by environment interactions for grain yield. This indicated that the tested varieties showed inconsistent grain yield performance across locations. Birmash variety gave the highest grain yield with average yield of 3.5 ton ha -1 but specifically adapted to Gute, Biloboshe and Mechara. Baji was the second high yielding variety with mean grain yield of 3.3 ton ha -1 and relatively with wider adaptability. The first two IPCAs accounted for a total of 88.64% of the interaction sum square. In general, deviation from regression coefficient, AMMI stability value and genotype selection index revealed that Baji, Birmash, Emahoy, IS9302 and Gambella-1107 were relatively stable varieties with optimum grain yield and therefore recommended for further demonstration and popularization in the test locations and areas with similar agro-ecologies.
Low productivity of Hot pepper in Ethiopia was associated with different factors among which lack... more Low productivity of Hot pepper in Ethiopia was associated with different factors among which lack of well adapted varieties are most important ones in the area. Thus, adaptation trial of hot pepper varieties were conducted in Buno Bedele and Ilubabor zone with the objective of evaluating the performance and adaptability of introduced and improved varieties in different Hot pepper varieties. Four hot pepper varieties including local check were studied for their vegetative growth performance and pod yield under rain fed conditions in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data on different important characters were collected and analyzed using SAS Software of 9.4 version. Thus, combined analysis of data revealed that, varieties showed highly significant at (P <0.01) for all collected parameters. The longest days to maturity (126.67 days) was recorded from Oda haro while the shortest days to maturity (117.67 days) was recorded from Local variety. Beside, the highest Pod number per plant (71.38) was recorded by Melka shote variety and the lowest Pod number per plant (39.87) was recorded from Oda haro. The longest (10.60) and the shortest (8.14) Pod length was recorded from Oda haro and Melka awaze varieties respectively. More wider (1.25cm) and more narrower (0.80cm) Pod diameter were recorded from Oda haro and Melka shote varieties respectively. More over the highest (3.80 t ha -1 ) and the lowest (2.32 t ha -1 ) Pod yield was recorded from Melka shote and Local varieties, respectively. Melka shote and Melka awaze varieties were resistant to disease (5r) than other varieties. However Oda haro and Local varieties were moderately susceptible (40ms) and moderately resistant (30mr) respectively. The result of the correlation analysis also revealed that Pod number and Branch number were significantly and positively correlated with Marketable and Total pod yield. Likewise Marketable pod yield was also significantly and positively correlated with Total pod yield. Thus, Melka shote and Melka awaze were varieties showed better performance with their mean yield and yield component. Therefore, these two varieties are recommended to be demonstrated on farmer's field for further scaling up.
The Experiment was conducted at Mechara Agricultural Research Center on station and Miesso sub-si... more The Experiment was conducted at Mechara Agricultural Research Center on station and Miesso sub-site during 2017 cropping season. The objective was to estimate the Phenotypic and genotypic variability among released sorghum varieties. Data was collected and analyzed based on eight traits like: Days to flowering(days), Days to maturity(days), Grain filling period(days), Grain filling rate(%), Head weight(gram), Hundred seed weight(gram), Stand count at harvest(number) and Grain yield(ton/ha). These traits and variances were recorded on 22 genotypes of sorghum. Results of statistical analysis showed that all traits had higher phenotypic variance and phenotypic coefficient of variation than genotypic variance and genotypic coefficient of variation, which indicated the influence of environment was least, and can be exploited in breeding programs. The genotypes exhibited varying degrees ratios of heritability for most traits. Such traits were responded positively to selection due to high broad sense heritability estimates. These data demonstrated high diversity for the traits studied of genotypes used and finally Baji and Birmash was recommended for further demonstration on farmer's field.
The final technical report for Phase I of this research project was divided into two parts; R1 an... more The final technical report for Phase I of this research project was divided into two parts; R1 and R2. This report R2 serves as a supplement to Report R1. Report R1 provided a detailed account of research activities conducted up to the construction of exploratory field test sections in Phase I. This report R2 provides a preliminary analysis of monitoring data collected from six exploratory field test sections. Based on early data, a seventh test section was also constructed. However, the data from that section has not been analyzed at the time of writing this report. The research team will conduct a detailed analysis of data collected from these test sections in preparation for full-scale test sections to be constructed at the Texas Tech outdoor testing site in the summer of 2017 under Phase II of this project. This research project was designed to be conducted in the following three Phases, beginning with the development of individual components and ending with the deployment of full-scale proof of concept highway projects; Phase I: Design and Demonstration (18 months), Phase II: Integration Component Demonstrations (24 months), Phase III: Final Demonstrations (12 months). Phase I was required to demonstrate any associated high-risk technologies including the use of material systems to control maximum and minimum service temperatures in the pavement surface layer, and to improve the quality and performance of layers supporting it. This is to be followed by Phase II, with integration of technologies determined to be technically viable in Phase I, while improving constructability and sustainability. Phase I concluded with the construction of exploratory field testing of novel materials system. Technical work covered in this report were carried out by seven research groups at Texas Tech University.
The final technical report for Phase I of this research project was divided into two parts; R1 an... more The final technical report for Phase I of this research project was divided into two parts; R1 and R2. This report R2 serves as a supplement to Report R1. Report R1 provided a detailed account of research activities conducted up to the construction of exploratory field test sections in Phase I. This report R2 provides a preliminary analysis of monitoring data collected from six exploratory field test sections. Based on early data, a seventh test section was also constructed. However, the data from that section has not been analyzed at the time of writing this report. The research team will conduct a detailed analysis of data collected from these test sections in preparation for full-scale test sections to be constructed at the Texas Tech outdoor testing site in the summer of 2017 under Phase II of this project. This research project was designed to be conducted in the following three Phases, beginning with the development of individual components and ending with the deployment of full-scale proof of concept highway projects; Phase I: Design and Demonstration (18 months), Phase II: Integration Component Demonstrations (24 months), Phase III: Final Demonstrations (12 months). Phase I was required to demonstrate any associated high-risk technologies including the use of material systems to control maximum and minimum service temperatures in the pavement surface layer, and to improve the quality and performance of layers supporting it. This is to be followed by Phase II, with integration of technologies determined to be technically viable in Phase I, while improving constructability and sustainability. Phase I concluded with the construction of exploratory field testing of novel materials system. Technical work covered in this report were carried out by seven research groups at Texas Tech University.
Sorghum is the first most important cereal crop in West Hararghe. However, national figure of gra... more Sorghum is the first most important cereal crop in West Hararghe. However, national figure of grain production still remains below than the world's average grain production per unit area due to different biotic and a biotic factor. Among the biotic factors, stalk borer was considered to be the most important insect pests of sorghum and maize in all areas of the country. As a management option different scholars were recommended sowing date. But there was conflicting report on the relationship between sowing time and borer infestation and damage. It was very crucial to identify the better days of sowing in the zone to reduce pest infestation and increase yield of the crop. Thus, this experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of sowing date on infestation of sorghum stalk borer. Chiro varieties was used for experimentation and sown at seven days interval for six weeks starting from 1 st onset of rainfall. The treatments were arranged by RCBD design with three replications. Ea...
An experiment was conducted in three districts of western Hararghe zone at Daro Lebu, Habro and O... more An experiment was conducted in three districts of western Hararghe zone at Daro Lebu, Habro and Oda Bultum in 2016/2017 cropping season in order to identify and promote well adapted improved tef variety/s. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The most important data of the trial like days to50-% flowering, plant height, panicle length, maturity date, biomass harvest index and yield kg/ha were collected. The collected data was analyzed using Genstat statistical software and means were separated using least significance difference. Combined analysis of data revealed that, varieties varied significantly at (P <0.05) for grain yield kg/ha and maturity date highly significance difference at (P<0.01) for plant height and days to 50% flowering and the rest parameters were showed no significance difference. Gimbichu and Boset were the two varieties showed relatively better yield with a value of 1794 and 1789 kgha -1 respectively. Ken...
An experiment was conducted in three districts of West Hararghe Zone at Gemechis (Quni segeria FT... more An experiment was conducted in three districts of West Hararghe Zone at Gemechis (Quni segeria FTC), Chiro (Arbarakate FTC) and Tullo (Gara qufa FTC) in 2018 cropping season in order to identify and promote well performed and adapted improved barley variety/s. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Ten (10) improved barley varieties including local check were used as experimental materials. The most important data of the trial like days to50% flowering, Days to maturity, plant height, spike length, diseases, Plant aspect and yield qt ha-1 were collected and analyzed using Genstat 16th edition statistical software and means were separated using least significance difference. Almost most parameters (Days to heading, days to maturity, spike length and grain yield) analysed from individual location were significantly affected due to the main effect of both locations and Environments. Combined analysis of data revealed that, variet...
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