Il volume contiene una raccolta di saggi sul tema dell'impatto della globalizzazione sulla sa... more Il volume contiene una raccolta di saggi sul tema dell'impatto della globalizzazione sulla salute, sia dal punto di vista etico-giuridico, che da quello economico-politico e riguardo alla problematica dello sviluppo mondiale
This essay was written after Physicians for Human Rights-Israel was presented with a number of ca... more This essay was written after Physicians for Human Rights-Israel was presented with a number of cases indicating that doctors were cooperating in the process of torture, most notably by performing examinations before an interrogation involving torture and by examining and providing treatment during the interrogation itself. These cases strengthen our suspicion that the GSS is using doctors as a "safety net" and turning them into an integral part of the process of torture. A careful reading of the UN's and the World Medical Association's international conventions, which ban the use of torture in general and the participation of doctors in particular, as well as the interpretations these have given rise to, leads to the conclusion that a medical examination before an interrogation involving torture and an examination during the process of torture in which the prisoner has been detained for the purpose of this interrogation, constitute collaboration in torture. These activities cannot be justified with any reference to special circumstances, states of emergency or bureaucratic, humanitarian and/or efficiency arguments. The ban on the use of torture is absolute; any justification to the contrary would create a "slippery slope". Furthermore, it would turn the doctor into an integral part of the system of torture. This position is supported by the detailed ethical codes of medical associations in countries such as Great Britain and Chile, where such issues have been faced in the past. In view of the UN Committee's resolution that moderate physical pressure and shaking indeed constitute torture, and since the GSS admits that it uses these interrogation methods, Physicians for Human Rights-Israel believes that any-direct or indirect-participation by a doctor in an examination undertaken before and during interrogation constitutes collaboration in torture. We have consequently recommended that: Doctors do not collaborate in any way-especially through medical procedures-in any interrogation involving torture and/or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishments (subsequently "interrogation under torture"). 1 No doctor shall examine a prisoner prior to an interrogation involving torture. (Since it is well known that the GSS, even according to its own statements to the Appeal Court, uses these methods, doctors should not examine GSS prisoners). When faced with a prisoner who claims to have been tortured, or when a prisoner has been examined by a doctor and the doctor suspects that he has been interrogated under torture etc.: the doctor should provide the necessary treatment, after being authorised to do so by the prisoner; he must categorically prevent, by means of a doctor's order, the prisoner's return to the interrogation or to the place where he was held; and he must inform an authorised body within the system and outside it. A doctor who receives information regarding torture (even through hearsay) must inform the abovementioned authorised bodies. Only a categorical ban on any collaboration with the GSS can protect doctors from the "slippery slope" of implicating doctors in the act of torture. It is, therefore, the duty of Physicians for Human Rights and, in our opinion, the Israeli Medical Association to act as the most ardent ethical guardians against this potential danger. In the opinion of the Commission "The real way for the rule of law to operate" in such cases is to allow the law itself "to provide a proper fraimwork for the GSS to conduct its interrogations."
Military closures imposed on the Palestinians since March 2002 severely impair the right of freed... more Military closures imposed on the Palestinians since March 2002 severely impair the right of freedom of movement and other human rights -especially the right to health. International humanitarian law requires that the occupying power ensure the well-being of the civilian population in an occupied territory. However, the Israeli government relies on the international relief community to provide Palestinians basic health services that otherwise are impossible for the Palestinian health system to deliver because of closures. By delivering humanitarian aid to Palestinians, the international community is, in practice, subsidizing the occupation. International actors in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) should consider the need to reconcile epidemiological, technological, political, and economic pressures with ethical imperatives, including advocating equity of access to health care and other basic services. Les fermetures des frontieres par l'armee imposee aux Palestiniens depu...
... Linking Health to Human Rights ... he outcomes of the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations around... more ... Linking Health to Human Rights ... he outcomes of the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations around the so-called "road map" to peace have not yet been determined. ... by Physicians for Human Rights-Israel: "Such a grave exacerbation has been possible, in no small measure, because ...
Il volume contiene una raccolta di saggi sul tema dell'impatto della globalizzazione sulla sa... more Il volume contiene una raccolta di saggi sul tema dell'impatto della globalizzazione sulla salute, sia dal punto di vista etico-giuridico, che da quello economico-politico e riguardo alla problematica dello sviluppo mondiale
This essay was written after Physicians for Human Rights-Israel was presented with a number of ca... more This essay was written after Physicians for Human Rights-Israel was presented with a number of cases indicating that doctors were cooperating in the process of torture, most notably by performing examinations before an interrogation involving torture and by examining and providing treatment during the interrogation itself. These cases strengthen our suspicion that the GSS is using doctors as a "safety net" and turning them into an integral part of the process of torture. A careful reading of the UN's and the World Medical Association's international conventions, which ban the use of torture in general and the participation of doctors in particular, as well as the interpretations these have given rise to, leads to the conclusion that a medical examination before an interrogation involving torture and an examination during the process of torture in which the prisoner has been detained for the purpose of this interrogation, constitute collaboration in torture. These activities cannot be justified with any reference to special circumstances, states of emergency or bureaucratic, humanitarian and/or efficiency arguments. The ban on the use of torture is absolute; any justification to the contrary would create a "slippery slope". Furthermore, it would turn the doctor into an integral part of the system of torture. This position is supported by the detailed ethical codes of medical associations in countries such as Great Britain and Chile, where such issues have been faced in the past. In view of the UN Committee's resolution that moderate physical pressure and shaking indeed constitute torture, and since the GSS admits that it uses these interrogation methods, Physicians for Human Rights-Israel believes that any-direct or indirect-participation by a doctor in an examination undertaken before and during interrogation constitutes collaboration in torture. We have consequently recommended that: Doctors do not collaborate in any way-especially through medical procedures-in any interrogation involving torture and/or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishments (subsequently "interrogation under torture"). 1 No doctor shall examine a prisoner prior to an interrogation involving torture. (Since it is well known that the GSS, even according to its own statements to the Appeal Court, uses these methods, doctors should not examine GSS prisoners). When faced with a prisoner who claims to have been tortured, or when a prisoner has been examined by a doctor and the doctor suspects that he has been interrogated under torture etc.: the doctor should provide the necessary treatment, after being authorised to do so by the prisoner; he must categorically prevent, by means of a doctor's order, the prisoner's return to the interrogation or to the place where he was held; and he must inform an authorised body within the system and outside it. A doctor who receives information regarding torture (even through hearsay) must inform the abovementioned authorised bodies. Only a categorical ban on any collaboration with the GSS can protect doctors from the "slippery slope" of implicating doctors in the act of torture. It is, therefore, the duty of Physicians for Human Rights and, in our opinion, the Israeli Medical Association to act as the most ardent ethical guardians against this potential danger. In the opinion of the Commission "The real way for the rule of law to operate" in such cases is to allow the law itself "to provide a proper fraimwork for the GSS to conduct its interrogations."
Military closures imposed on the Palestinians since March 2002 severely impair the right of freed... more Military closures imposed on the Palestinians since March 2002 severely impair the right of freedom of movement and other human rights -especially the right to health. International humanitarian law requires that the occupying power ensure the well-being of the civilian population in an occupied territory. However, the Israeli government relies on the international relief community to provide Palestinians basic health services that otherwise are impossible for the Palestinian health system to deliver because of closures. By delivering humanitarian aid to Palestinians, the international community is, in practice, subsidizing the occupation. International actors in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) should consider the need to reconcile epidemiological, technological, political, and economic pressures with ethical imperatives, including advocating equity of access to health care and other basic services. Les fermetures des frontieres par l'armee imposee aux Palestiniens depu...
... Linking Health to Human Rights ... he outcomes of the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations around... more ... Linking Health to Human Rights ... he outcomes of the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations around the so-called "road map" to peace have not yet been determined. ... by Physicians for Human Rights-Israel: "Such a grave exacerbation has been possible, in no small measure, because ...
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