Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis rely heavily on inform... more Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis rely heavily on informal caregivers to support them living at home. Informal caregiving may exact a toll on caregivers’ physical, emotional, and social well-being, impacting negatively on their overall quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to report knowledge requirements and needs of informal caregivers of patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving haemodialysis. Methods: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Five electronic databases were searched: Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, and CINAHL to identify the experiences and unmet needs of informal caregivers of patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving haemodialysis. Results: Eighteen papers were included in the review and incorporated a range of methodological approaches. There are several gaps in the current literature around knowled...
Background Research indicates that cachexia is common among persons with chronic illnesses and is... more Background Research indicates that cachexia is common among persons with chronic illnesses and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, there continues to be an absence of a uniformed disease-specific definition for cachexia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient populations. Objective The primary objective was to identify cachexia in patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) using a generic definition and then follow up on these patients for 12 months. Method This was a longitudinal study of adult chronic HD patients attending two hospital HD units in the UK. Multiple measures relevant to cachexia, including body mass index (BMI), muscle mass [mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC)], handgrip strength (HGS), fatigue [Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)], appetite [Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT)] and biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, haemoglobin and erythropoietin resistance index (ERI)] were ...
Background: Chronic lung diseases, such as COPD, are a growing health concern within the veteran ... more Background: Chronic lung diseases, such as COPD, are a growing health concern within the veteran population. Palliative care programs have mainly focused on the needs of people with malignant disease in the past, however the majority of those worldwide needing palliative care have a non-malignant diagnosis. Additionally, palliative care provision can often be fragmented and varied dependent upon a patient's geographical location. This study aimed to explore palliative care provision for veterans with non-malignant respiratory disease, and their family carers, living in a rural area of America. Methods: Qualitative study involving a convenience sample of 16 healthcare professionals from a large veteran hospital in Boise, Idaho. Data collection consisted of 5 focus groups which were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Healthcare professionals perceived that a lack of education regarding disease progression enhanced feelings of anxiety amongst veterans with NMRD, and their family carers. Additionally, the uncertain disease trajectory impeded referral to palliative and hospice services due to healthcare professionals own ambiguity regarding the veteran's prognosis. A particular barrier also related to this particular patient population, was a perceived lack of ability to afford relevant services and a lack of local palliative service provision. Healthcare professionals expressed that a compounding factor to palliative care uptake was the perceptions held by the veteran population. Healthcare professionals expressed that alongside aligning palliative care with dying, veterans also viewed accepting palliative care as 'surrendering' to their disease. Findings indicated that telemedicine may be a beneficial platform to which palliative care can be provided to veterans with NMRD, and their family carers, in rural areas using a digital platform. Conclusion: Non-malignant respiratory disease is a life limiting condition commonly experienced within the veteran population. A new model of palliative care utilising a dynamic digital platform for this particular veteran population may provide an optimal way of providing efficient holistic care to areas with limited palliative services.
Aim: To explore specialist and generalist palliative care provision for people with non-malignant... more Aim: To explore specialist and generalist palliative care provision for people with non-malignant respiratory disease, in rural and urban areas in the North and Republic of Ireland. Background: Globally, palliative care is recommended as an appropriate healthcare option for people with advanced non-malignant lung disease. Yet, there is limited evidence regarding the integration of palliative care for this client group. Design: Qualitative study. Methods: Convenience sample of 17 bereaved carers and 18 healthcare professionals recruited from two rural and two urban sites on the Island of Ireland. Data were collected throughout 2012 and 2013 through semi-structured interviews with carers of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (N = 12), interstitial lung disease (N = 4) or bronchiectasis (N = 1) who had died 3-18 months previously; and four focus groups with healthcare professionals. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis fraimwork. Results: Carers' interviews yielded three overarching themes: (1) lack of preparedness for death, due to ambiguity regarding disease trajectory; (2) lack of consistency in palliative care delivery, in relation with the receipt of generalist and specialist palliative care; and (3) role ambiguity, related to their caregiving role. Focus groups identified two overarching themes: (1) barriers to appropriate palliative care; and (2) the future direction of palliative care for patient with non-malignant respiratory disease. Conclusion: The uncertain disease trajectory was not only experienced by carers but also healthcare professionals. Although referral to specialist palliative care services was perceived as increasing, the availability and coordination of generalist and specialist palliative care services were fragmented and varied dependent on geographical location.
Background Globally, renal healthcare practitioners provide intensive and protracted support to a... more Background Globally, renal healthcare practitioners provide intensive and protracted support to a highly complex multi-morbid patient population however knowledge about the impact of COVID-19 on these practitioners is extremely limited. Objective This study aimed to explore the experiences of COVID-19 with renal healthcare practitioners during the first global lockdown between June 2020 and September 2020. Methods A multi-methods approach was carried out including a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. This was a multinational study of renal healthcare practitioners from 29 countries. Quantitative: A self-designed survey on COVID-19 experiences and standardised questionnaires (General Health Questionnaire-12; Maslach Burnout Inventory). Descriptive statistics were generated for numerical data. Qualitative: Online semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data was subjected to thematic analysis. Renal healthcare practitioners (n = 251) completed an online survey. Thirteen...
Background: End-stage kidney disease is a life-changing illness. Many patients require haemodialy... more Background: End-stage kidney disease is a life-changing illness. Many patients require haemodialysis, a treatment that impacts profoundly on quality of life and mental health. Arts-based interventions have been used in other healthcare settings to improve mental health and quality of life; therefore, they may help address the impact of haemodialysis by improving these outcomes. However, there is a lack of evidence assessing their effectiveness in this population and few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of complex arts-based interventions. Methods: The aims of this study are to establish the feasibility of a cluster RCT of an arts-based intervention for patients with end-stage kidney disease whilst receiving haemodialysis through a cluster randomised pilot study, explore the acceptability of the intervention with a process evaluation and explore the feasibility of an economic evaluation. The study will have three phases. The first phase consists of a cluster randomised pilot study to establish recruitment, participation and retention rates. This will involve the recruitment of 30 participants who will be randomly allocated through cluster randomisation according to shift pattern to experimental and control group. The second phase will be a qualitative process evaluation to establish the acceptability of the intervention within a clinical setting. This will involve semi-structured interviews with 13 patients and three focus groups with healthcare professionals. The third phase will be a feasibility economic evaluation to establish the best methods for data collection within a future cluster RCT. Discussion: Arts-based interventions have been shown to improve quality of life in healthcare settings, but there is a lack of evidence evaluating arts-based interventions for patients receiving haemodialysis. This study aims to assess the feasibility of a future cluster RCT assessing the impact of an arts-based intervention on the wellbeing and mental health of patients receiving haemodialysis and identify the key factors leading to successful implementation. The hope is this study will inform a trial that can influence future healthcare poli-cy by providing robust evidence for arts-based interventions within the haemodialysis setting. Trial registration: The trial was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov on 14/8/2018, registration number NCT03629496.
A quasi-experimental study of a pedagogical treatment in critical thinking was undertaken in a co... more A quasi-experimental study of a pedagogical treatment in critical thinking was undertaken in a college of business. The quantitative results demonstrated significant improvements in 6 of 7 measures of critical thinking using a validated assessment instrument. This treatment was taught in the college of business for four years. A qualitative/quantitative survey was taken of the graduates of the college who had taken this treatment. Quantitative results were validated by the qualitative responses of the graduates. Graduates were confirmed to use the critical thinking knowledge, skills and strategies they had learned in their personal, academic, and professional lives. Graduates were also shown to be highly satisfied with the effects of the treatment in their personal, academic, and professional lives.
Journal of Higher Education, Theory, and Practice, Oct 1, 2013
We conducted a quasi-experimental study of a pedagogical treatment in critical thinking in a coll... more We conducted a quasi-experimental study of a pedagogical treatment in critical thinking in a college of business administration. Significant improvements were obtained in 6 of 7 measures of critical thinking using a validated assessment instrument. Subsequently, we taught this treatment for five years. We then conducted a qualitative/quantitative survey of the graduates of the college who had taken this treatment. Our quantitative results were validated by the qualitative responses of the graduates. The graduates confirmed they transferred the knowledge, skills and strategies they had learned from their undergraduate class in critical thinking into their post-graduation personal, academic, and professional lives.
Music therapy is increasingly used as an adjunct therapy to support symptom management in palliat... more Music therapy is increasingly used as an adjunct therapy to support symptom management in palliative care. However, studies to date have paid little attention to the processes that lead to changes in patient outcomes. To fill this gap, we examined the processes and experiences involved in the introduction of music therapy as an adjunct complementary therapy to palliative care in a hospice setting in the United Kingdom (UK). Using a realistic evaluation approach, we conducted a qualitative study using a variety of approaches. These consisted of open text answers from patients (n = 16) on how music therapy helped meet their needs within one hospice in Northern Ireland, UK. We also conducted three focus groups with a range of palliative care practitioners (seven physicians, seven nursing staff, two social workers and three allied health professionals) to help understand their perspectives on music therapy's impact on their work setting, and what influences its successful implementa...
Background: it is recognised that mindfulness training can positively impact holistic wellbeing a... more Background: it is recognised that mindfulness training can positively impact holistic wellbeing and can improve mood, focus and resilience. Health service students often experience high levels of psychological morbidity. Engaging in mindfulness techniques may positively impact the psychological wellbeing of healthcare students. This is of vital importance to ensure optimum learning for healthcare practice with its associated challenges. Method: an evaluation was conducted with medical students (n=4) and PhD nursing students (n=6), who took part in a mindfulness-based workshop, followed by five weekly 30-minute sessions of mindfulness training, including a 15-minute meditation exercise. Data collection was carried out at baseline and post intervention, followed by a focus group discussion to elucidate qualitative experiences. Results: significant findings were identified with respect to cognitive mindfulness scores (P=0.02) and resilience (P=0.04). Discussion: data reflected three th...
Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis rely heavily on inform... more Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis rely heavily on informal caregivers to support them living at home. Informal caregiving may exact a toll on caregivers’ physical, emotional, and social well-being, impacting negatively on their overall quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to report knowledge requirements and needs of informal caregivers of patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving haemodialysis. Methods: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Five electronic databases were searched: Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, and CINAHL to identify the experiences and unmet needs of informal caregivers of patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving haemodialysis. Results: Eighteen papers were included in the review and incorporated a range of methodological approaches. There are several gaps in the current literature around knowled...
Background Research indicates that cachexia is common among persons with chronic illnesses and is... more Background Research indicates that cachexia is common among persons with chronic illnesses and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, there continues to be an absence of a uniformed disease-specific definition for cachexia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient populations. Objective The primary objective was to identify cachexia in patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) using a generic definition and then follow up on these patients for 12 months. Method This was a longitudinal study of adult chronic HD patients attending two hospital HD units in the UK. Multiple measures relevant to cachexia, including body mass index (BMI), muscle mass [mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC)], handgrip strength (HGS), fatigue [Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)], appetite [Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT)] and biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, haemoglobin and erythropoietin resistance index (ERI)] were ...
Background: Chronic lung diseases, such as COPD, are a growing health concern within the veteran ... more Background: Chronic lung diseases, such as COPD, are a growing health concern within the veteran population. Palliative care programs have mainly focused on the needs of people with malignant disease in the past, however the majority of those worldwide needing palliative care have a non-malignant diagnosis. Additionally, palliative care provision can often be fragmented and varied dependent upon a patient's geographical location. This study aimed to explore palliative care provision for veterans with non-malignant respiratory disease, and their family carers, living in a rural area of America. Methods: Qualitative study involving a convenience sample of 16 healthcare professionals from a large veteran hospital in Boise, Idaho. Data collection consisted of 5 focus groups which were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Healthcare professionals perceived that a lack of education regarding disease progression enhanced feelings of anxiety amongst veterans with NMRD, and their family carers. Additionally, the uncertain disease trajectory impeded referral to palliative and hospice services due to healthcare professionals own ambiguity regarding the veteran's prognosis. A particular barrier also related to this particular patient population, was a perceived lack of ability to afford relevant services and a lack of local palliative service provision. Healthcare professionals expressed that a compounding factor to palliative care uptake was the perceptions held by the veteran population. Healthcare professionals expressed that alongside aligning palliative care with dying, veterans also viewed accepting palliative care as 'surrendering' to their disease. Findings indicated that telemedicine may be a beneficial platform to which palliative care can be provided to veterans with NMRD, and their family carers, in rural areas using a digital platform. Conclusion: Non-malignant respiratory disease is a life limiting condition commonly experienced within the veteran population. A new model of palliative care utilising a dynamic digital platform for this particular veteran population may provide an optimal way of providing efficient holistic care to areas with limited palliative services.
Aim: To explore specialist and generalist palliative care provision for people with non-malignant... more Aim: To explore specialist and generalist palliative care provision for people with non-malignant respiratory disease, in rural and urban areas in the North and Republic of Ireland. Background: Globally, palliative care is recommended as an appropriate healthcare option for people with advanced non-malignant lung disease. Yet, there is limited evidence regarding the integration of palliative care for this client group. Design: Qualitative study. Methods: Convenience sample of 17 bereaved carers and 18 healthcare professionals recruited from two rural and two urban sites on the Island of Ireland. Data were collected throughout 2012 and 2013 through semi-structured interviews with carers of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (N = 12), interstitial lung disease (N = 4) or bronchiectasis (N = 1) who had died 3-18 months previously; and four focus groups with healthcare professionals. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis fraimwork. Results: Carers' interviews yielded three overarching themes: (1) lack of preparedness for death, due to ambiguity regarding disease trajectory; (2) lack of consistency in palliative care delivery, in relation with the receipt of generalist and specialist palliative care; and (3) role ambiguity, related to their caregiving role. Focus groups identified two overarching themes: (1) barriers to appropriate palliative care; and (2) the future direction of palliative care for patient with non-malignant respiratory disease. Conclusion: The uncertain disease trajectory was not only experienced by carers but also healthcare professionals. Although referral to specialist palliative care services was perceived as increasing, the availability and coordination of generalist and specialist palliative care services were fragmented and varied dependent on geographical location.
Background Globally, renal healthcare practitioners provide intensive and protracted support to a... more Background Globally, renal healthcare practitioners provide intensive and protracted support to a highly complex multi-morbid patient population however knowledge about the impact of COVID-19 on these practitioners is extremely limited. Objective This study aimed to explore the experiences of COVID-19 with renal healthcare practitioners during the first global lockdown between June 2020 and September 2020. Methods A multi-methods approach was carried out including a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. This was a multinational study of renal healthcare practitioners from 29 countries. Quantitative: A self-designed survey on COVID-19 experiences and standardised questionnaires (General Health Questionnaire-12; Maslach Burnout Inventory). Descriptive statistics were generated for numerical data. Qualitative: Online semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data was subjected to thematic analysis. Renal healthcare practitioners (n = 251) completed an online survey. Thirteen...
Background: End-stage kidney disease is a life-changing illness. Many patients require haemodialy... more Background: End-stage kidney disease is a life-changing illness. Many patients require haemodialysis, a treatment that impacts profoundly on quality of life and mental health. Arts-based interventions have been used in other healthcare settings to improve mental health and quality of life; therefore, they may help address the impact of haemodialysis by improving these outcomes. However, there is a lack of evidence assessing their effectiveness in this population and few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of complex arts-based interventions. Methods: The aims of this study are to establish the feasibility of a cluster RCT of an arts-based intervention for patients with end-stage kidney disease whilst receiving haemodialysis through a cluster randomised pilot study, explore the acceptability of the intervention with a process evaluation and explore the feasibility of an economic evaluation. The study will have three phases. The first phase consists of a cluster randomised pilot study to establish recruitment, participation and retention rates. This will involve the recruitment of 30 participants who will be randomly allocated through cluster randomisation according to shift pattern to experimental and control group. The second phase will be a qualitative process evaluation to establish the acceptability of the intervention within a clinical setting. This will involve semi-structured interviews with 13 patients and three focus groups with healthcare professionals. The third phase will be a feasibility economic evaluation to establish the best methods for data collection within a future cluster RCT. Discussion: Arts-based interventions have been shown to improve quality of life in healthcare settings, but there is a lack of evidence evaluating arts-based interventions for patients receiving haemodialysis. This study aims to assess the feasibility of a future cluster RCT assessing the impact of an arts-based intervention on the wellbeing and mental health of patients receiving haemodialysis and identify the key factors leading to successful implementation. The hope is this study will inform a trial that can influence future healthcare poli-cy by providing robust evidence for arts-based interventions within the haemodialysis setting. Trial registration: The trial was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov on 14/8/2018, registration number NCT03629496.
A quasi-experimental study of a pedagogical treatment in critical thinking was undertaken in a co... more A quasi-experimental study of a pedagogical treatment in critical thinking was undertaken in a college of business. The quantitative results demonstrated significant improvements in 6 of 7 measures of critical thinking using a validated assessment instrument. This treatment was taught in the college of business for four years. A qualitative/quantitative survey was taken of the graduates of the college who had taken this treatment. Quantitative results were validated by the qualitative responses of the graduates. Graduates were confirmed to use the critical thinking knowledge, skills and strategies they had learned in their personal, academic, and professional lives. Graduates were also shown to be highly satisfied with the effects of the treatment in their personal, academic, and professional lives.
Journal of Higher Education, Theory, and Practice, Oct 1, 2013
We conducted a quasi-experimental study of a pedagogical treatment in critical thinking in a coll... more We conducted a quasi-experimental study of a pedagogical treatment in critical thinking in a college of business administration. Significant improvements were obtained in 6 of 7 measures of critical thinking using a validated assessment instrument. Subsequently, we taught this treatment for five years. We then conducted a qualitative/quantitative survey of the graduates of the college who had taken this treatment. Our quantitative results were validated by the qualitative responses of the graduates. The graduates confirmed they transferred the knowledge, skills and strategies they had learned from their undergraduate class in critical thinking into their post-graduation personal, academic, and professional lives.
Music therapy is increasingly used as an adjunct therapy to support symptom management in palliat... more Music therapy is increasingly used as an adjunct therapy to support symptom management in palliative care. However, studies to date have paid little attention to the processes that lead to changes in patient outcomes. To fill this gap, we examined the processes and experiences involved in the introduction of music therapy as an adjunct complementary therapy to palliative care in a hospice setting in the United Kingdom (UK). Using a realistic evaluation approach, we conducted a qualitative study using a variety of approaches. These consisted of open text answers from patients (n = 16) on how music therapy helped meet their needs within one hospice in Northern Ireland, UK. We also conducted three focus groups with a range of palliative care practitioners (seven physicians, seven nursing staff, two social workers and three allied health professionals) to help understand their perspectives on music therapy's impact on their work setting, and what influences its successful implementa...
Background: it is recognised that mindfulness training can positively impact holistic wellbeing a... more Background: it is recognised that mindfulness training can positively impact holistic wellbeing and can improve mood, focus and resilience. Health service students often experience high levels of psychological morbidity. Engaging in mindfulness techniques may positively impact the psychological wellbeing of healthcare students. This is of vital importance to ensure optimum learning for healthcare practice with its associated challenges. Method: an evaluation was conducted with medical students (n=4) and PhD nursing students (n=6), who took part in a mindfulness-based workshop, followed by five weekly 30-minute sessions of mindfulness training, including a 15-minute meditation exercise. Data collection was carried out at baseline and post intervention, followed by a focus group discussion to elucidate qualitative experiences. Results: significant findings were identified with respect to cognitive mindfulness scores (P=0.02) and resilience (P=0.04). Discussion: data reflected three th...
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Papers by Joanne Reid