has various effects on the central nervous system with several neuropathological alterations incl... more has various effects on the central nervous system with several neuropathological alterations including hypoxic-ischemic brain damage from respiratory depressing effects and neuroinflammatory response. Both of these mechanisms induce the release of cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators by the activation of many cell types such as leucocytes and endothelial and glial cells, especially microglia, the predominant immunocompetent cell type within the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to clarify the correlation between intravenous heroin administration in heroin related death and the neuroinflammatory response. We selected 45 cases among autopsies executed for heroin-related death (358 total cases); immunohistochemical studies and Western blotting analyses were used to investigate the expression of brain markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, oxygen-regulated protein 150, (interleukins) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, cyclooxygenase-2, heat shock protein 70, and CD68 (MAC387). Findings demonstrated that morphine induces inflammatory response and cytokine release. In particular, oxygen-regulated protein 150, cyclooxygenase-2, heat shock protein 70, IL-6 and IL-15 cytokines were over-expressed with different patterns of cellular expression.
There are three types of motorcycle accidents: crashes against a fixed non-vehicular object; cras... more There are three types of motorcycle accidents: crashes against a fixed non-vehicular object; crashes between motorcycle and another motor vehicle; other harmful action. Crashes against guardrails are included in the first crash category. Guardrails are roadside barriers erected to restrain vehicles whose driver has lost control in order to reduce the severity of collisions with off-road fixed objects. Despite such measures, guardrails may still be inadequate to reduce mortality related to motorcycle crashes. The present authors report a case of a man who died after a collision against a guardrail near an Italian city (L' Aquila). The crash against the pole of the guardrail determined a right angle dent of the upper part of the helmet. This dent led to a fatal fracture of the skull. The authors report this case to underline the necessity to modify crash barrier homologation criteria in Italy, because they may actually fail to protect motorcyclists and be responsible for specific, and sometimes even lethal, lesions.
has various effects on the central nervous system with several neuropathological alterations incl... more has various effects on the central nervous system with several neuropathological alterations including hypoxic-ischemic brain damage from respiratory depressing effects and neuroinflammatory response. Both of these mechanisms induce the release of cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators by the activation of many cell types such as leucocytes and endothelial and glial cells, especially microglia, the predominant immunocompetent cell type within the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to clarify the correlation between intravenous heroin administration in heroin related death and the neuroinflammatory response. We selected 45 cases among autopsies executed for heroin-related death (358 total cases); immunohistochemical studies and Western blotting analyses were used to investigate the expression of brain markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, oxygen-regulated protein 150, (interleukins) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, cyclooxygenase-2, heat shock protein 70, and CD68 (MAC387). Findings demonstrated that morphine induces inflammatory response and cytokine release. In particular, oxygen-regulated protein 150, cyclooxygenase-2, heat shock protein 70, IL-6 and IL-15 cytokines were over-expressed with different patterns of cellular expression.
There are three types of motorcycle accidents: crashes against a fixed non-vehicular object; cras... more There are three types of motorcycle accidents: crashes against a fixed non-vehicular object; crashes between motorcycle and another motor vehicle; other harmful action. Crashes against guardrails are included in the first crash category. Guardrails are roadside barriers erected to restrain vehicles whose driver has lost control in order to reduce the severity of collisions with off-road fixed objects. Despite such measures, guardrails may still be inadequate to reduce mortality related to motorcycle crashes. The present authors report a case of a man who died after a collision against a guardrail near an Italian city (L' Aquila). The crash against the pole of the guardrail determined a right angle dent of the upper part of the helmet. This dent led to a fatal fracture of the skull. The authors report this case to underline the necessity to modify crash barrier homologation criteria in Italy, because they may actually fail to protect motorcyclists and be responsible for specific, and sometimes even lethal, lesions.
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Papers by Mauro Bacci