Hyalomma anatolicum, the multi host tick is the commonest species genus Hyalomma in India and cat... more Hyalomma anatolicum, the multi host tick is the commonest species genus Hyalomma in India and cattle act as the main definitive host. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fipronil against the H. anatolicum ticks collected from an unorganised cross-breed cattle farm and role of housing of cattle to the tick infestation. Adult immersion test (AIT) was performed and efficacy of different acaricides were assessed. The results obtained by the AIT showed a low level of resistance (Level-I) to deltamethrin, while in case of cypermethrin and fipronil, ticks were found susceptible. The RR50 values were obtained as 0.32, 1.67 and 1.09 for cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fipronil. On cytological examination, small to large vacuoles were observed in digestive cells. Degeneration in digestive cells were also observed. On observation of cattle barn it was seen that the owner not maintained the farm in a organised manner and animals were kept with feeding and bedding materials which was form suitable conditions for tick propagation in barn. The H. anatolicumis a multi-host tick, So chances of exposed to repeated application of acaricides are very less, this may be the reason behind the susceptibility of ticks against these most commonly used chemicals to control the tick infestation.
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, Sep 1, 2020
Bovine babesiosis caused by different species of intraerythrocytic Babesia mainly Babesia bigemin... more Bovine babesiosis caused by different species of intraerythrocytic Babesia mainly Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis. Babesiosis is mainly transmitted by ticks, however, transuterine/ transplacental transmission can not be ignored. In the present study both mother and its 42-day-old calf were infected with babesiosis. Since simultaneous infection of babesiosis in mother and its young calf has not been reported so far, hence it is placed on the record. Due to good body condition score and young age of the calf, after the treatment, very next day coffee colored urine became clear which is indicating, timely treatment of babesiosis in young calves is highly effective.
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Sep 18, 2021
An investigation was carried out to record the status of resistance against most commonly used sy... more An investigation was carried out to record the status of resistance against most commonly used synthetic pyrethroids, viz. deltamethrin and cypermethrin in Rhipicephalus microplus of Indore district (Madhya Pradesh). Fully engorged female R. microplus were collected from cattle sheds of four blocks of Indore district, viz. Indore, Hatod, Sanwer and Mhow. Ticks were kept individually for oviposition and eggs laid were allowed to hatch and larval packet test (LPT) was performed on 12 to 14 day-old-larvae with deltamethrin and cypermethrin. The slope of mortality, lethal concentration for 50% (LC50), 95% (LC95) mortality and resistance ratios (RR) were determined from the regression graphs of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log concentrations of deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Values of the coefficient of determination (R2) for LPT ranged from 0.94 to 0.96 and 0.93 to 0.99 for cypermethrin and deltamethrin, respectively indicating the statistical model a good fit. The LC50 and LC95 values for cypermethrin ranged from 49.31 to 117.21 and 193.23 to 683.7 ppm, respectively in various field isolates whereas, for deltamethrin were 10.71–23.80 and 45.26–194.98 ppm. The values of RR50 and RR95 for cypermethrin ranged from 0.2 to 0.48 and 0.55 to 1.94, respectively, showing variable resistance status in field populations. On the basis of RR50 values, susceptible status was recorded in all isolates whereas, level I resistance status was recorded in two field isolates (Sanwer and Mhow) on the basis of RR95. Similarly, for deltamethrin RR50 and RR95 ranged from 0.91 to 2.01 and 1.27 to 5.49, respectively, showing comparatively higher resistance status. Resistance status against deltamethrin was recorded in Mhow isolate (on RR50 basis) and Mhow, Sanwer and Hatod isolate (on RR95 basis). High level of resistance along with more number of resistant tick isolates were recorded in case of deltamethrin than that of cypermethrin from the study area.
Bovine tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata, is a serious constraint to Indian dair... more Bovine tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata, is a serious constraint to Indian dairy industry with more fatal infections in exotic cattle and substantial losses to cross-bred and indigenous zebu cattle. The present communication is to place on record the rst report of molecular based con rmed case of cerebral theileriosis caused by T. annulata coupled with its morphological detection, clinical manifestations, haematological alterations and therapeutic management in a cross bred cattle calf from India. After preparation of peripheral thin blood smear from cross bred cattle calf at the site of collection and xation with methanol, blood sample brought to Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H, Jabalpur and stained by standard protocol for Giemsa staining. Genomic DNA was isolated from the collected blood sample using QIAamp® DNA blood mini kit following the manufacturer's recommendations and PCR was performed. The cross bred cow calf revealed high rise in temperature (105.5°F), increased heart rate, labored breathing with seromucous nasal discharge, enlargement of prescapular lymph node and animal exhibited tonic clonic convulsions in response to any sudden noise. Giemsa stained thin blood smear revealed intraerythrocytic piroplasm and Koch blue bodies of T. annulata within the cytoplasm of lymphocytes. The species of Theileria was con rmed by molecular ampli cation of genomic DNA as T. annulata.
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of chronic enteritis... more Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of chronic enteritis which is commonly called as Johne’s disease (JD) in animals which is associated with several incurable, auto-immune diseases like Crohn’s disease in human beings. In the current study, 19 serum samples of buffaloes were collected irrespective of their age, sex and breed which were slaughtered at Cantonment board slaughterhouse, Mhow and Nagar Nigam, Indore. These animals were brought from different places of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. For detection of anti-MAP antibodies, the latex agglutination test was performed following the standard procedure (Cheong Koo et al., 2004). The present investigation recorded 52.63% MAP infection in slaughtered buffaloes.
Blood samples were collected to diagnose the surra disease from 92 buffaloes showing clinical sym... more Blood samples were collected to diagnose the surra disease from 92 buffaloes showing clinical symptoms from January 2015 to December 2015 and prevalence was 22.83 per cent (21). In high frequency group (>60 per cent), the clinical signs reduced milk yield (100.00 per cent), anorexia (95.24 per cent), anaemia (90.48 per cent), excitement (85.71 per cent), respiratory distress (71.43 per cent) and fever (61.90 per cent) were recorded. Clinical signs like exophthalmia (52.38 per cent), edema of dependent parts (52.38 per cent), emaciation (42.86 per cent), and salivation (33.33 per cent) had moderate frequency (30-60 per cent) whereas clinical signs including nasal discharge (23.81 per cent), circling (19.05 per cent), depression (14.29 per cent), corneal opacity (14.29 per cent), head pressing (9.52 per cent) and lacrimation (4.76 per cent) had low frequency of occurrence (<30 per cent). Therefore if buffalo is showing combination of above mentioned clinical symptoms, then he or...
Background: Bovine babesiosis caused by an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan protozoon responsible f... more Background: Bovine babesiosis caused by an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan protozoon responsible for the most prevalent and costly tick borne diseases (TBD’s) of cattle throughout the globe. Cerebral babesiosis of bovine is fatal and mainly caused by Babesia bovis. To the knowledge of author, there is no confirm molecular report of Babeisa bigemina caused cerebral babesiosis in cattle. Therefore, authors want to report Babesia bigemina caused cerebral babesiosis on record. Methods: In the year 2015, a Holstein-Friesian cow aged 3 years and weighing approximately 300 kg, was attended at Jabalpur, (M.P.) with the clinical signs of high rise in temperature (104°F), recumbency, severe dysponea, peculiar sound during open mouth breathing, pale color of eye conjunctiva and mucous membrane of vagina, convulsions, sever anaemia, paddling of legs at frequent interval. After preparation of peripheral thin blood smear from animal at the site of collection and fixation with methanol, blood sampl...
Background: Diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi among goat in field is still challenging due to scarc... more Background: Diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi among goat in field is still challenging due to scarce information on clinical manifestation and non availability of rapid reliable diagnostics. Molecular test such as PCR employed to diagnose the T. evansi with accuracy in both blood and tissues. Limited reports are available from different parts of the country on natural infection of T. evansi in goat. Mainly subclinical form of disease occurred in goats owing to low level of parasitaemia of T. evansi. Methods: A Jamunapari goat aged 1.5 years and weighing ~25 Kg was suffering from circling movement, pale conjunctiva and anorexia and was found positive for T. evansi by buffy coat examination and polymerase chain reaction. Diminazene aceturate was given intramuscularly as 7% water solution at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg b.wt. After 3 days, blood smear and buffy coat were negative for T. evansi and no band was found after running the product on 1.7% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. Resul...
Bovine tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata, is a serious constraint to Indian dair... more Bovine tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata, is a serious constraint to Indian dairy industry with more fatal infections in exotic cattle and substantial losses to cross-bred and indigenous zebu cattle. The present communication is to place on record the first report of molecular based confirmed case of cerebral theileriosis caused by T. annulata coupled with its morphological detection, clinical manifestations, haematological alterations and therapeutic management in a cross bred cattle calf from India. After preparation of peripheral thin blood smear from cross bred cattle calf at the site of collection and fixation with methanol, blood sample brought to Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H, Jabalpur and stained by standard protocol for Giemsa staining. Genomic DNA was isolated from the collected blood sample using QIAamp® DNA blood mini kit following the manufacturer’s recommendations and PCR was performed. The cross bred cow ...
An outbreak of pasteurellosis in goats was investigated at an organized goat farm from Nimar regi... more An outbreak of pasteurellosis in goats was investigated at an organized goat farm from Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh. The farm visited to investigate the cause of deaths in goats which exhibited the signs like dullness, lethargy, high fever, dyspnea and profuse salivation and death. Post-mortem examination revealed lesions like haemorrhagic tracheitis, lung emphysema, pin point haemorrhages on myocardial surface, congestion in abomasum, small intestine with pin point haemorrhages, oedematous mesenteric lymph nodes and friable liver. Blood smear examination of morbid goats revealed presence of Pasteurella multocida. Hence, therapeutic management with oxytetracycline resulted in recovery of infected animals
avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of chronic enteritis which is comm... more avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of chronic enteritis which is commonly called as Johne's disease (JD) in animals which is associated with several incurable, auto-immune diseases like Crohn's disease in human beings. In the current study, 19 serum samples of buffaloes were collected irrespective of their age, sex and breed which were slaughtered at Cantonment board slaughterhouse, Mhow and Nagar Nigam, Indore. These animals were brought from different places of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. For detection of anti-MAP antibodies, the latex agglutination test was performed following the standard procedure (Cheong Koo et al., 2004). The present investigation recorded 52.63% MAP infection in slaughtered buffaloes.
In the present study, samples from 100 buffaloes of either sex were collected from slaughterhouse... more In the present study, samples from 100 buffaloes of either sex were collected from slaughterhouse located at Cantonment Board Mhow for the detection of ruminal amphistomosis. Blood samples with or without anticoagulant were collected to study the haematobiochemical changes in buffaloes suffered from amphistomosis. Amphistomes were also collected for morphological identification of amphistome species in slaughtered animals. The prevalence of ruminal amphistomes was found to be 8%. The infected buffaloes in this study showed a reduction in the mean values of Hb, TEC and PCV. There was an increase in TLC and neutrophil count. Lymphocytes showed a slight decrease in their mean values and no significant changes were seen in values of basophil and eosinophil count. The infected buffaloes in this study showed a reduction in the mean values of total protein. The mean values of SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase showed an increment in the infected buffalo.
Five buffaloes, 5 to 7 years old in the month of July 2015 with history of high rise of temperatu... more Five buffaloes, 5 to 7 years old in the month of July 2015 with history of high rise of temperature, nasal discharge, exophthalmia, excitement, lacrimation, salivation, dyspnea, generalised lymphadenopathy, especially in the prescapular lymph nodes were attended at a farm in Mahakaushal region of Madhypradesh. By blood smear and polymerase chain reaction analysis, it was determined that all the buffaloes had mixed infections of T. evansi and T. annulata. The treatment of all five buffaloes was initiated with single deep intramuscular injection of diminazine acceturate 3.5 mg/kg body weight along with three dosages of long acting oxytetracycline 20 mg/kg b.wt. on alternate day. A single injection of buparvaquone on the fourth day (in 3 cases) and two doses of buparvaquone (2.5 mg kg-1) at 48 h intervals (in 2 cases) were administered. Only 3 buffaloes showed uneventful recovery after a single injection with buparvaquone. When the blood samples of all the five buffaloes were again ana...
The immunoprophylactic management of ticks is the most effective option to control tick infestati... more The immunoprophylactic management of ticks is the most effective option to control tick infestations and counter spread the acaricide resistance problem worldwide. Several researchers reported an inconsistent efficacy of the single antigen-based immunization of hosts against different tick species. In the present study, to develop a multi-target immunization protocol, proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus BM86 and Hyalomma anatolicum subolesin (SUB) and tropomyosin (TPM) were targeted to evaluate the cross-protective potential. The sequence identities of the BM86, SUB, and TPM coding genes amongst Indian tick isolates of targeted species were 95.6–99.8%, 98.7–99.6%, and 98.9–99.9%, respectively, while at the predicted amino acid level, the identities were 93.2 to 99.5, 97.6 to 99.4, and 98.2 to 99.3%. The targeted genes were expressed in the eukaryotic expression system, pKLAC2-Kluyveromyces lactis, and 100 µg each of purified recombinant protein (Bm86-89 kDa, SUB-21 kDa, and TPM-36...
Hyalomma anatolicum, the multi host tick is the commonest species genus Hyalomma in India and cat... more Hyalomma anatolicum, the multi host tick is the commonest species genus Hyalomma in India and cattle act as the main definitive host. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fipronil against the H. anatolicum ticks collected from an unorganised cross-breed cattle farm and role of housing of cattle to the tick infestation. Adult immersion test (AIT) was performed and efficacy of different acaricides were assessed. The results obtained by the AIT showed a low level of resistance (Level-I) to deltamethrin, while in case of cypermethrin and fipronil, ticks were found susceptible. The RR50 values were obtained as 0.32, 1.67 and 1.09 for cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fipronil. On cytological examination, small to large vacuoles were observed in digestive cells. Degeneration in digestive cells were also observed. On observation of cattle barn it was seen that the owner not maintained the farm in a organised manner and animals were kept with feeding and bedding materials which was form suitable conditions for tick propagation in barn. The H. anatolicumis a multi-host tick, So chances of exposed to repeated application of acaricides are very less, this may be the reason behind the susceptibility of ticks against these most commonly used chemicals to control the tick infestation.
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, Sep 1, 2020
Bovine babesiosis caused by different species of intraerythrocytic Babesia mainly Babesia bigemin... more Bovine babesiosis caused by different species of intraerythrocytic Babesia mainly Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis. Babesiosis is mainly transmitted by ticks, however, transuterine/ transplacental transmission can not be ignored. In the present study both mother and its 42-day-old calf were infected with babesiosis. Since simultaneous infection of babesiosis in mother and its young calf has not been reported so far, hence it is placed on the record. Due to good body condition score and young age of the calf, after the treatment, very next day coffee colored urine became clear which is indicating, timely treatment of babesiosis in young calves is highly effective.
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Sep 18, 2021
An investigation was carried out to record the status of resistance against most commonly used sy... more An investigation was carried out to record the status of resistance against most commonly used synthetic pyrethroids, viz. deltamethrin and cypermethrin in Rhipicephalus microplus of Indore district (Madhya Pradesh). Fully engorged female R. microplus were collected from cattle sheds of four blocks of Indore district, viz. Indore, Hatod, Sanwer and Mhow. Ticks were kept individually for oviposition and eggs laid were allowed to hatch and larval packet test (LPT) was performed on 12 to 14 day-old-larvae with deltamethrin and cypermethrin. The slope of mortality, lethal concentration for 50% (LC50), 95% (LC95) mortality and resistance ratios (RR) were determined from the regression graphs of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log concentrations of deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Values of the coefficient of determination (R2) for LPT ranged from 0.94 to 0.96 and 0.93 to 0.99 for cypermethrin and deltamethrin, respectively indicating the statistical model a good fit. The LC50 and LC95 values for cypermethrin ranged from 49.31 to 117.21 and 193.23 to 683.7 ppm, respectively in various field isolates whereas, for deltamethrin were 10.71–23.80 and 45.26–194.98 ppm. The values of RR50 and RR95 for cypermethrin ranged from 0.2 to 0.48 and 0.55 to 1.94, respectively, showing variable resistance status in field populations. On the basis of RR50 values, susceptible status was recorded in all isolates whereas, level I resistance status was recorded in two field isolates (Sanwer and Mhow) on the basis of RR95. Similarly, for deltamethrin RR50 and RR95 ranged from 0.91 to 2.01 and 1.27 to 5.49, respectively, showing comparatively higher resistance status. Resistance status against deltamethrin was recorded in Mhow isolate (on RR50 basis) and Mhow, Sanwer and Hatod isolate (on RR95 basis). High level of resistance along with more number of resistant tick isolates were recorded in case of deltamethrin than that of cypermethrin from the study area.
Bovine tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata, is a serious constraint to Indian dair... more Bovine tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata, is a serious constraint to Indian dairy industry with more fatal infections in exotic cattle and substantial losses to cross-bred and indigenous zebu cattle. The present communication is to place on record the rst report of molecular based con rmed case of cerebral theileriosis caused by T. annulata coupled with its morphological detection, clinical manifestations, haematological alterations and therapeutic management in a cross bred cattle calf from India. After preparation of peripheral thin blood smear from cross bred cattle calf at the site of collection and xation with methanol, blood sample brought to Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H, Jabalpur and stained by standard protocol for Giemsa staining. Genomic DNA was isolated from the collected blood sample using QIAamp® DNA blood mini kit following the manufacturer's recommendations and PCR was performed. The cross bred cow calf revealed high rise in temperature (105.5°F), increased heart rate, labored breathing with seromucous nasal discharge, enlargement of prescapular lymph node and animal exhibited tonic clonic convulsions in response to any sudden noise. Giemsa stained thin blood smear revealed intraerythrocytic piroplasm and Koch blue bodies of T. annulata within the cytoplasm of lymphocytes. The species of Theileria was con rmed by molecular ampli cation of genomic DNA as T. annulata.
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of chronic enteritis... more Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of chronic enteritis which is commonly called as Johne’s disease (JD) in animals which is associated with several incurable, auto-immune diseases like Crohn’s disease in human beings. In the current study, 19 serum samples of buffaloes were collected irrespective of their age, sex and breed which were slaughtered at Cantonment board slaughterhouse, Mhow and Nagar Nigam, Indore. These animals were brought from different places of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. For detection of anti-MAP antibodies, the latex agglutination test was performed following the standard procedure (Cheong Koo et al., 2004). The present investigation recorded 52.63% MAP infection in slaughtered buffaloes.
Blood samples were collected to diagnose the surra disease from 92 buffaloes showing clinical sym... more Blood samples were collected to diagnose the surra disease from 92 buffaloes showing clinical symptoms from January 2015 to December 2015 and prevalence was 22.83 per cent (21). In high frequency group (>60 per cent), the clinical signs reduced milk yield (100.00 per cent), anorexia (95.24 per cent), anaemia (90.48 per cent), excitement (85.71 per cent), respiratory distress (71.43 per cent) and fever (61.90 per cent) were recorded. Clinical signs like exophthalmia (52.38 per cent), edema of dependent parts (52.38 per cent), emaciation (42.86 per cent), and salivation (33.33 per cent) had moderate frequency (30-60 per cent) whereas clinical signs including nasal discharge (23.81 per cent), circling (19.05 per cent), depression (14.29 per cent), corneal opacity (14.29 per cent), head pressing (9.52 per cent) and lacrimation (4.76 per cent) had low frequency of occurrence (<30 per cent). Therefore if buffalo is showing combination of above mentioned clinical symptoms, then he or...
Background: Bovine babesiosis caused by an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan protozoon responsible f... more Background: Bovine babesiosis caused by an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan protozoon responsible for the most prevalent and costly tick borne diseases (TBD’s) of cattle throughout the globe. Cerebral babesiosis of bovine is fatal and mainly caused by Babesia bovis. To the knowledge of author, there is no confirm molecular report of Babeisa bigemina caused cerebral babesiosis in cattle. Therefore, authors want to report Babesia bigemina caused cerebral babesiosis on record. Methods: In the year 2015, a Holstein-Friesian cow aged 3 years and weighing approximately 300 kg, was attended at Jabalpur, (M.P.) with the clinical signs of high rise in temperature (104°F), recumbency, severe dysponea, peculiar sound during open mouth breathing, pale color of eye conjunctiva and mucous membrane of vagina, convulsions, sever anaemia, paddling of legs at frequent interval. After preparation of peripheral thin blood smear from animal at the site of collection and fixation with methanol, blood sampl...
Background: Diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi among goat in field is still challenging due to scarc... more Background: Diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi among goat in field is still challenging due to scarce information on clinical manifestation and non availability of rapid reliable diagnostics. Molecular test such as PCR employed to diagnose the T. evansi with accuracy in both blood and tissues. Limited reports are available from different parts of the country on natural infection of T. evansi in goat. Mainly subclinical form of disease occurred in goats owing to low level of parasitaemia of T. evansi. Methods: A Jamunapari goat aged 1.5 years and weighing ~25 Kg was suffering from circling movement, pale conjunctiva and anorexia and was found positive for T. evansi by buffy coat examination and polymerase chain reaction. Diminazene aceturate was given intramuscularly as 7% water solution at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg b.wt. After 3 days, blood smear and buffy coat were negative for T. evansi and no band was found after running the product on 1.7% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. Resul...
Bovine tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata, is a serious constraint to Indian dair... more Bovine tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata, is a serious constraint to Indian dairy industry with more fatal infections in exotic cattle and substantial losses to cross-bred and indigenous zebu cattle. The present communication is to place on record the first report of molecular based confirmed case of cerebral theileriosis caused by T. annulata coupled with its morphological detection, clinical manifestations, haematological alterations and therapeutic management in a cross bred cattle calf from India. After preparation of peripheral thin blood smear from cross bred cattle calf at the site of collection and fixation with methanol, blood sample brought to Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H, Jabalpur and stained by standard protocol for Giemsa staining. Genomic DNA was isolated from the collected blood sample using QIAamp® DNA blood mini kit following the manufacturer’s recommendations and PCR was performed. The cross bred cow ...
An outbreak of pasteurellosis in goats was investigated at an organized goat farm from Nimar regi... more An outbreak of pasteurellosis in goats was investigated at an organized goat farm from Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh. The farm visited to investigate the cause of deaths in goats which exhibited the signs like dullness, lethargy, high fever, dyspnea and profuse salivation and death. Post-mortem examination revealed lesions like haemorrhagic tracheitis, lung emphysema, pin point haemorrhages on myocardial surface, congestion in abomasum, small intestine with pin point haemorrhages, oedematous mesenteric lymph nodes and friable liver. Blood smear examination of morbid goats revealed presence of Pasteurella multocida. Hence, therapeutic management with oxytetracycline resulted in recovery of infected animals
avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of chronic enteritis which is comm... more avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of chronic enteritis which is commonly called as Johne's disease (JD) in animals which is associated with several incurable, auto-immune diseases like Crohn's disease in human beings. In the current study, 19 serum samples of buffaloes were collected irrespective of their age, sex and breed which were slaughtered at Cantonment board slaughterhouse, Mhow and Nagar Nigam, Indore. These animals were brought from different places of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. For detection of anti-MAP antibodies, the latex agglutination test was performed following the standard procedure (Cheong Koo et al., 2004). The present investigation recorded 52.63% MAP infection in slaughtered buffaloes.
In the present study, samples from 100 buffaloes of either sex were collected from slaughterhouse... more In the present study, samples from 100 buffaloes of either sex were collected from slaughterhouse located at Cantonment Board Mhow for the detection of ruminal amphistomosis. Blood samples with or without anticoagulant were collected to study the haematobiochemical changes in buffaloes suffered from amphistomosis. Amphistomes were also collected for morphological identification of amphistome species in slaughtered animals. The prevalence of ruminal amphistomes was found to be 8%. The infected buffaloes in this study showed a reduction in the mean values of Hb, TEC and PCV. There was an increase in TLC and neutrophil count. Lymphocytes showed a slight decrease in their mean values and no significant changes were seen in values of basophil and eosinophil count. The infected buffaloes in this study showed a reduction in the mean values of total protein. The mean values of SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase showed an increment in the infected buffalo.
Five buffaloes, 5 to 7 years old in the month of July 2015 with history of high rise of temperatu... more Five buffaloes, 5 to 7 years old in the month of July 2015 with history of high rise of temperature, nasal discharge, exophthalmia, excitement, lacrimation, salivation, dyspnea, generalised lymphadenopathy, especially in the prescapular lymph nodes were attended at a farm in Mahakaushal region of Madhypradesh. By blood smear and polymerase chain reaction analysis, it was determined that all the buffaloes had mixed infections of T. evansi and T. annulata. The treatment of all five buffaloes was initiated with single deep intramuscular injection of diminazine acceturate 3.5 mg/kg body weight along with three dosages of long acting oxytetracycline 20 mg/kg b.wt. on alternate day. A single injection of buparvaquone on the fourth day (in 3 cases) and two doses of buparvaquone (2.5 mg kg-1) at 48 h intervals (in 2 cases) were administered. Only 3 buffaloes showed uneventful recovery after a single injection with buparvaquone. When the blood samples of all the five buffaloes were again ana...
The immunoprophylactic management of ticks is the most effective option to control tick infestati... more The immunoprophylactic management of ticks is the most effective option to control tick infestations and counter spread the acaricide resistance problem worldwide. Several researchers reported an inconsistent efficacy of the single antigen-based immunization of hosts against different tick species. In the present study, to develop a multi-target immunization protocol, proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus BM86 and Hyalomma anatolicum subolesin (SUB) and tropomyosin (TPM) were targeted to evaluate the cross-protective potential. The sequence identities of the BM86, SUB, and TPM coding genes amongst Indian tick isolates of targeted species were 95.6–99.8%, 98.7–99.6%, and 98.9–99.9%, respectively, while at the predicted amino acid level, the identities were 93.2 to 99.5, 97.6 to 99.4, and 98.2 to 99.3%. The targeted genes were expressed in the eukaryotic expression system, pKLAC2-Kluyveromyces lactis, and 100 µg each of purified recombinant protein (Bm86-89 kDa, SUB-21 kDa, and TPM-36...
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Papers by Mukesh Shakya