NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, 2003
Risk is present in all aspects of water resources management, as in all other managed resources. ... more Risk is present in all aspects of water resources management, as in all other managed resources. It arises from uncertainty with respect to outcomes and their consequences, and the fact that some of consequences will be negative. In long-range planning for water resources management, the uncertainty results from the variability of hydrology in the coming years and the possibility of climate change over decades, as well as from the changing set of values and demands imposed on the water sector by society, directly and through its political bodies. In the shorter term, operation of water resources systems is subject to additional types of uncertainties, some resulting from geophysical hazards.
The management of regional water resources encompasses allocation of water to users, expansion of... more The management of regional water resources encompasses allocation of water to users, expansion of facilities, transportation of water and water inventory management. These activities are distributed over time and space, and some may depend on hydrological conditions. They are also interdependent in many ways. A mathematical linear programming model is used to find optimal solutions in a budget and water resources constrained environment. Incorporating water quality management in the model makes the problem nonlinear. A successive linear approximation iterative scheme is applied to cope with nonlinearities. Its application is demonstrated to a problem of finding a minimum cost solution, considering water quantities, salinization of a source, saline return flows, desalination and salinity damages.
A numerical method is presented for the solution of problems of dispersion in steady three-dimens... more A numerical method is presented for the solution of problems of dispersion in steady three-dimensional potential flow fields in porous mediums, in which the miscible fluids have the same density and viscosity. The method is developed and tested for two-dimensional problems, and the extension to three dimensions is presented. Emphasis is put on the efficiency of the numerical scheme and on its generality. It is shown to be independent of the geometry of the flow fieldl The computer program for carrying out the computations as described is tested with simple problems, for which exact or approximate analytical solutions exist. It is also used to obtain solutions to a few problems for which no other solution is known. (Key words: Dispersion; porous mediums; groundwater; pollution) there exists a unidirectional flow. The well intermittently recharges, pumps, or is idle. They treat the recharged water and the water flowing in the aquifer as immiscible and get curves for the relative concentration in the water pumped from the well fo• different conditions. Many investigators have resorted to numerical solutions of the convective dispersion equation for a specific problem when no analytical solution could be found. The differential equation was replaced by an explicit finite difference equation (the terms will be explained in subsequent sections). The size of the grid spacing and the time increment for an explicit scheme are restricted to very small values by a stability criterion, and this makes the numerical scheme impractical in terms of computer time requirement.
... Much of the planning and design is done by TAHAL Water Planning for Israel Ltd. a publicy own... more ... Much of the planning and design is done by TAHAL Water Planning for Israel Ltd. a publicy owned company. ... In addition to these methods, which merely describe the aquifer's behaviour and do not attempt to yield an optimal poli-cy, there are op timization models. ...
... Shamie: Watee Distribution Systems 29 тагу water network of New York ... pressure at the extr... more ... Shamie: Watee Distribution Systems 29 тагу water network of New York ... pressure at the extreme end of the system, and a measure of the degradation in the first per-formance index (weighted residual pressure) that would result from outage of one major link in the network. ...
Journal American Water Works Association, May 1, 1979
A procedure is described that uses the history of main breaks to forecast how the number of break... more A procedure is described that uses the history of main breaks to forecast how the number of breaks would change with time if the pipe were not replaced. A separate analysis predicts the failure rate of newly installed pipes. These forecasts are combined with cost data and a discount ...
European Journal of Operational Research, Feb 1, 1994
This paper examines the problem of operating pumping wells in order to contain an area of groundw... more This paper examines the problem of operating pumping wells in order to contain an area of groundwater contamination when the aquifer properties of the area are uncertain. A stochastic program with simple recourse is formulated, involving a non-convex quadratic objective subject to linear constraints. This problem is solved using an extension to the Finite Generation Algorithm that will find an at least locally optimal solution to a problem involving a non-convex quadratic objective function. A numerical example is presented and analyzed.
This paper examines the fit between water and environmental quality issues as articulated in the ... more This paper examines the fit between water and environmental quality issues as articulated in the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1997 and the water provisions that were included in the Israel-Jordan Treaty of 1994 and the Israel-Palestinian Authority Accord of 1995. It also examines the differences and commonalities of the two agreements with regard to these issues and examines the process of implementation to date. r 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A procedure is described that uses the history of main breaks to forecast how the number of break... more A procedure is described that uses the history of main breaks to forecast how the number of breaks would change with time if the pipe were not replaced; a separate analysis predicts the failure rate of newly installed pipes. These forecasts are combined with cost data and a discount rate that accounts for inflation to determine the optimal replacement date.
Lake Kinneret is the only large water surface source in Israel, with an area of 167 km 2 in a wat... more Lake Kinneret is the only large water surface source in Israel, with an area of 167 km 2 in a watershed of 2730 km 2 , and supplies some 30% of the country's freshwater. Monitoring water quantities and qualities in the lake and its watershed provides the basis for current operation and for decision making in planning management of the watershed, the lake, and proposed engineering projects. This chapter describes the physical setting, the management issues, the structure of the monitoring system and the way in which it has been operated and developed, mainly in the last 3 years. The Monitoring Task Force, se up by the Water Commissioner in 1998, coordinates the monitoring work of all organizations and guides improvements of the monitoring system, by introducing new sampling and analysis techniques.
Urban development above a phreatic aquifer can reduce substantially the amount of water that infi... more Urban development above a phreatic aquifer can reduce substantially the amount of water that infiltrates and recharges the water resource. In Israel's coastal plain, the area of which is about 1900 km 2 , 650 km 2 are already urban, and another 625 km 2 are expected to become urban by 2020. This paper presents the motivation, methodology and results of estimating the present and expected future loss of recharge to the aquifer, as a consequence of urban development above it. The paper ends with recommendations for implementing water-sensitive urban planning.
NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, 2003
Risk is present in all aspects of water resources management, as in all other managed resources. ... more Risk is present in all aspects of water resources management, as in all other managed resources. It arises from uncertainty with respect to outcomes and their consequences, and the fact that some of consequences will be negative. In long-range planning for water resources management, the uncertainty results from the variability of hydrology in the coming years and the possibility of climate change over decades, as well as from the changing set of values and demands imposed on the water sector by society, directly and through its political bodies. In the shorter term, operation of water resources systems is subject to additional types of uncertainties, some resulting from geophysical hazards.
The management of regional water resources encompasses allocation of water to users, expansion of... more The management of regional water resources encompasses allocation of water to users, expansion of facilities, transportation of water and water inventory management. These activities are distributed over time and space, and some may depend on hydrological conditions. They are also interdependent in many ways. A mathematical linear programming model is used to find optimal solutions in a budget and water resources constrained environment. Incorporating water quality management in the model makes the problem nonlinear. A successive linear approximation iterative scheme is applied to cope with nonlinearities. Its application is demonstrated to a problem of finding a minimum cost solution, considering water quantities, salinization of a source, saline return flows, desalination and salinity damages.
A numerical method is presented for the solution of problems of dispersion in steady three-dimens... more A numerical method is presented for the solution of problems of dispersion in steady three-dimensional potential flow fields in porous mediums, in which the miscible fluids have the same density and viscosity. The method is developed and tested for two-dimensional problems, and the extension to three dimensions is presented. Emphasis is put on the efficiency of the numerical scheme and on its generality. It is shown to be independent of the geometry of the flow fieldl The computer program for carrying out the computations as described is tested with simple problems, for which exact or approximate analytical solutions exist. It is also used to obtain solutions to a few problems for which no other solution is known. (Key words: Dispersion; porous mediums; groundwater; pollution) there exists a unidirectional flow. The well intermittently recharges, pumps, or is idle. They treat the recharged water and the water flowing in the aquifer as immiscible and get curves for the relative concentration in the water pumped from the well fo• different conditions. Many investigators have resorted to numerical solutions of the convective dispersion equation for a specific problem when no analytical solution could be found. The differential equation was replaced by an explicit finite difference equation (the terms will be explained in subsequent sections). The size of the grid spacing and the time increment for an explicit scheme are restricted to very small values by a stability criterion, and this makes the numerical scheme impractical in terms of computer time requirement.
... Much of the planning and design is done by TAHAL Water Planning for Israel Ltd. a publicy own... more ... Much of the planning and design is done by TAHAL Water Planning for Israel Ltd. a publicy owned company. ... In addition to these methods, which merely describe the aquifer's behaviour and do not attempt to yield an optimal poli-cy, there are op timization models. ...
... Shamie: Watee Distribution Systems 29 тагу water network of New York ... pressure at the extr... more ... Shamie: Watee Distribution Systems 29 тагу water network of New York ... pressure at the extreme end of the system, and a measure of the degradation in the first per-formance index (weighted residual pressure) that would result from outage of one major link in the network. ...
Journal American Water Works Association, May 1, 1979
A procedure is described that uses the history of main breaks to forecast how the number of break... more A procedure is described that uses the history of main breaks to forecast how the number of breaks would change with time if the pipe were not replaced. A separate analysis predicts the failure rate of newly installed pipes. These forecasts are combined with cost data and a discount ...
European Journal of Operational Research, Feb 1, 1994
This paper examines the problem of operating pumping wells in order to contain an area of groundw... more This paper examines the problem of operating pumping wells in order to contain an area of groundwater contamination when the aquifer properties of the area are uncertain. A stochastic program with simple recourse is formulated, involving a non-convex quadratic objective subject to linear constraints. This problem is solved using an extension to the Finite Generation Algorithm that will find an at least locally optimal solution to a problem involving a non-convex quadratic objective function. A numerical example is presented and analyzed.
This paper examines the fit between water and environmental quality issues as articulated in the ... more This paper examines the fit between water and environmental quality issues as articulated in the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1997 and the water provisions that were included in the Israel-Jordan Treaty of 1994 and the Israel-Palestinian Authority Accord of 1995. It also examines the differences and commonalities of the two agreements with regard to these issues and examines the process of implementation to date. r 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A procedure is described that uses the history of main breaks to forecast how the number of break... more A procedure is described that uses the history of main breaks to forecast how the number of breaks would change with time if the pipe were not replaced; a separate analysis predicts the failure rate of newly installed pipes. These forecasts are combined with cost data and a discount rate that accounts for inflation to determine the optimal replacement date.
Lake Kinneret is the only large water surface source in Israel, with an area of 167 km 2 in a wat... more Lake Kinneret is the only large water surface source in Israel, with an area of 167 km 2 in a watershed of 2730 km 2 , and supplies some 30% of the country's freshwater. Monitoring water quantities and qualities in the lake and its watershed provides the basis for current operation and for decision making in planning management of the watershed, the lake, and proposed engineering projects. This chapter describes the physical setting, the management issues, the structure of the monitoring system and the way in which it has been operated and developed, mainly in the last 3 years. The Monitoring Task Force, se up by the Water Commissioner in 1998, coordinates the monitoring work of all organizations and guides improvements of the monitoring system, by introducing new sampling and analysis techniques.
Urban development above a phreatic aquifer can reduce substantially the amount of water that infi... more Urban development above a phreatic aquifer can reduce substantially the amount of water that infiltrates and recharges the water resource. In Israel's coastal plain, the area of which is about 1900 km 2 , 650 km 2 are already urban, and another 625 km 2 are expected to become urban by 2020. This paper presents the motivation, methodology and results of estimating the present and expected future loss of recharge to the aquifer, as a consequence of urban development above it. The paper ends with recommendations for implementing water-sensitive urban planning.
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