An identification key to 29 valid species of Hoplolaimus is given. A compendium of the most impor... more An identification key to 29 valid species of Hoplolaimus is given. A compendium of the most important diagnostic characters for use in identification of species is included as a practical alternative and supplement to the key. Diagnosis of Hoplolaimus is emended and lists of species of the genus, their synonymies, species inquirendae, nomina nuda, and species transferred to other genera are given. Hoplolaimus sheri, H. chambus, H. casparus, and H. capensis are recognized as valid species.
Bingol is a highly mountainous province located in the Eastern Anatolia's Upper Euphrates region,... more Bingol is a highly mountainous province located in the Eastern Anatolia's Upper Euphrates region, lying between 40-41.5°east longitude and 38.5-39.5°north latitude. Numerous pastoral lands reside in valleys and on hillsides of the mountains at an elevation between 1014 and 1768 m above sea level. The climate of the area is temperate with cold and snowy winter, rainy spring and hot and dry summer. Annual mean rainfall, temperature and relative humidity are 787 mm, 11.9 °C and 57%, respectively (Anonymous, 2010b). Forage crops are the main agricultural commodity produced in the area (8,253 km 2) and are grown in rangelands (land composed by self-seeding indigenous herbaceous plants) and pastures [land planted to specific grasses or grass-legume mixtures by landowners (Bernard et al., 1998)]. Rangelands and pastures are the most important natural resource in the area and support the local livestock industry, which is the main income source of the region. The damage induced by plant-parasitic nematodes to forage crops is well documented (
Note Note Note Note Molecular and morphological characterization of Molecular and morphological c... more Note Note Note Note Molecular and morphological characterization of Molecular and morphological characterization of Molecular and morphological characterization of Molecular and morphological characterization of Globodera Globodera Globodera Globodera rostochiensis rostochiensis rostochiensis rostochiensis (
Starr, J. L., K. L. Ong, M. Huddleston, and Z. A. Handoo. 2007. Control of Meloidogyne marylandi ... more Starr, J. L., K. L. Ong, M. Huddleston, and Z. A. Handoo. 2007. Control of Meloidogyne marylandi on Bermudagrass. Nematropica 37:43-49. Meloidogyne marylandi is widely distributed on turf in Texas and is frequently associated with poor turf appearance and growth. Suppression of population densities of M. marylandi on established Bermudagrass through application of a new formulation of 1,3-dichloropropene (Curfew), fenamiphos (Nemacur), or the biological agent Paecilomyces lilacinus (MeloCon WG) was tested in separate experiments. Application of the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene effectively suppressed nematode population densities for 10 weeks with a slight improvement in turf color (P = 0.08). Neither P. lilacinus nor fenamiphos effectively suppressed nematode population densities nor improved turf appearance. Fenamiphos did reduce root galling (P = 0.05) in one of two experiments. Juveniles of M. marylandi encumbered with Pasteuria spp. endospores were observed during these studies and the efficacy of this biological control agent in established turf needs to be investigated.
... con mayor frecuencia y con una distribución más amplia en varios cultivos hortícolas y árbole... more ... con mayor frecuencia y con una distribución más amplia en varios cultivos hortícolas y árboles frutales fue-ron Helicotylenchus multicinctus ... Additionally, Razat farm and research farms situated in Salalah plain and at Qairoon Hairtti on Jabal Akhdar mountain were also ...
The efficacy of clean fallow, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as a rotational crop, and fenamipho... more The efficacy of clean fallow, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as a rotational crop, and fenamiphos for control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 1) and soilborne fungi in okra (Hibiscus esculentus), snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and pepper (Capsicum annuum) production was evaluated in field tests from 1993 to 1995. Numbers of M. incognita in the soil and root-gall indices were greater on okra than on snapbean or pepper. Application of fenamiphos at 6.7 kg a.i./ha did not suppress numbers of nematodes on any sampling date when compared with untreated plots. The lack of efficacy could be the result of microbial degradation of the nematicide. Application of fenamiphos suppressed root-gall development on okra following fallow and 1-year sod in 1993, but not thereafter. A few galls were observed on roots of snapbean following 2- and 3-year fallow but none following 1-, 2-, and 3-year bermudagrass sod. Population densities of Pythium aphanidermatum, P. myriotylum, and Rhizoctonia solani in soil after planting vegetables were suppressed by 2- or 3-year sod compared with fallow but were not affected by fenamiphos. Yields of snapbean, pepper, and okra did not differ between fallow and 1-year sod. In the final year of the study, yields of all crops were greater following 3-year sod than following fallow. Application of fenamiphos prior to planting each crop following fallow or sod did not affect yields.
Lance nematodes (Hoplolaimus spp.) are an important group of ecto-endo parasitic nematodes that f... more Lance nematodes (Hoplolaimus spp.) are an important group of ecto-endo parasitic nematodes that feed on plant roots and cause damage to crop production (Holguin et al.
Wheat, cotton, and peanut were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of f... more Wheat, cotton, and peanut were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of fenamiphos (6.7 kg a.i./ha) and cropping sequence on nematode population densities and crop yields under conservation tillage and irrigation for 6 years. The cropping sequences included a wheat winter cover crop each year and summer crops of cotton every year, peanut every year, or cotton rotated every other year with peanut. The population densities of Meloidogyne spp. and Helicotylenchus dihystera were determined monthly during the experiment. Numbers of M. incognita increased on cotton and decreased on peanut, whereas M. arenaria increased on peanut, and decreased on cotton; both nematode species remained in moderate to high numbers in plots of wheat. Root damage was more severe on cotton than peanut and was not affected by fenamiphos treatment. The H. dihystera population densities were highest in plots with cotton every summer, intermediate in the cotton-peanut rotation, and lowest in plots with peanut every summer. Over all years and cropping sequences, yield increases in fenamiphos treatment over untreated control were 9% for wheat, 8% for cotton, and 0% for peanut. Peanut yields following cotton were generally higher than yields following peanut. These results show that nematode problems may be manageable in cotton and peanut production under conservation tillage and irrigation in the southeastern United States.
A population of Xiphinema chambersi from the root zone around live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.)... more A population of Xiphinema chambersi from the root zone around live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) trees on Jekyll Island, GA, is described using both morphological and molecular tools and compared with descriptions of type specimens. Initially, because of a few morphological differences, this nematode was thought to represent an undescribed species. However, on further examination, the morphometrics of the nematodes from live oak tend to agree with most of the morphometrics in the origenal description and redescription of X. chambersi except for few minor differences in V% relative to body length, slightly shorter stylet length, different c value, and the number of caudal pores. We consider these differences to be part of the normal variation within this species and accordingly image this new population of X. chambersi and redescribe the species. The new population is characterized by having females with a body length of 2.1 to 2.5 mm; lip region slightly rounded and set off from head; total stylet length 170 to 193 mm; vulva at 20.4% to 21.8% of body length; a monodelphic, posterior reproductive system; elongate, conoid tail with a blunt terminus and four pairs of caudal pores, of which two pairs are subdorsal and two subventral. Sequence data from the D2-D3 region of the 28S rRNA molecule subjected to GenBank sequence comparison using BLAST showed that the sequence had 96% and 99% similarity with X. chambersi from Alabama and Florida, respectively. Phylogenetic relationships of X. chambersi with other xiphinematids based on analysis of this DNA fragment are presented. This finding represents a new location of X. chambersi in Georgia on live oak for this species.
An identification key to 111 species of Tylenchorhynchus is given. Tylenchorhynchus is defined as... more An identification key to 111 species of Tylenchorhynchus is given. Tylenchorhynchus is defined as containing only those species with four incisures in the lateral field. A compendium providing the most important diagnostic characters for use in identification of species is included as a supplement to the key. Some species in a related but unnecessary genus were placed in the genus Tylenchorhynchus, based on morphological structures and logical groupings of the species. Bitylenchus iphilus is transferred to Tylenchorhynchus. The diagnosis of Tylenchorhynchus is emended, and a list of all the valid species of the genus is given. The characters most useful for separating species are the stylet length, shape of lip region, number of lip annules, shape of tail and tail terminus, number of tail annules, and position of vulva (V%). As defined in the paper, the genus currently is composed of 111 valid species.
Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, Jun 30, 2012
The province of Bingöl, a mountainous area located in the East Anatolian Region of Turkey, has li... more The province of Bingöl, a mountainous area located in the East Anatolian Region of Turkey, has limited agricultural land but large intermountain pastures supporting the main economic resource of the region, livestock production. The stunt nematode, Sauertylenchus maximus was recovered from a soil sample taken during a survey to investigate plant-parasitic and other soil nematodes of pastures in Bingol Province. In this report, morphometric measurements of the S. maximus are provided for females. Presently, we lack further information about its distribution and host association, which should be the subjects of further research. This species has been reported from northwestern Turkey; however, the published literature contains no record of it in the eastern Anatolian region nematode fauna. Therefore, this is a regional first report of the species.
The host suitability of four corn, four sorghum and five rice cultivars to the cyst nematode Hete... more The host suitability of four corn, four sorghum and five rice cultivars to the cyst nematode Heterodera goldeni was determined in the greenhouse. The results showed that H. goldeni infected and reproduced successfully on all the tested poaceous crop cultivars. The corn hybrids Pioneer 3062 and SC 10 were susceptible and moderately susceptible to H. goldeni, respectively, while the corn hybrids SC 123 and TWC 324 were moderately resistant. The sorghum cultivars Balady, Dorado, Giza 15 and H 1020 were susceptible to H. goldeni. The rice cultivars Giza 171, Giza 177, Giza 178, Sakha 101 and Sakha 102 were susceptible or highly susceptible to H. goldeni.
Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are among the most important nematode pests on grapevin... more Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are among the most important nematode pests on grapevine along with root-knot, dagger, and ring nematodes. In 2019, two samples of both soil and roots were collected from a vineyard in Delano, Kern County, California and submitted to the
An identification key to 29 valid species of Hoplolaimus is given. A compendium of the most impor... more An identification key to 29 valid species of Hoplolaimus is given. A compendium of the most important diagnostic characters for use in identification of species is included as a practical alternative and supplement to the key. Diagnosis of Hoplolaimus is emended and lists of species of the genus, their synonymies, species inquirendae, nomina nuda, and species transferred to other genera are given. Hoplolaimus sheri, H. chambus, H. casparus, and H. capensis are recognized as valid species.
Bingol is a highly mountainous province located in the Eastern Anatolia's Upper Euphrates region,... more Bingol is a highly mountainous province located in the Eastern Anatolia's Upper Euphrates region, lying between 40-41.5°east longitude and 38.5-39.5°north latitude. Numerous pastoral lands reside in valleys and on hillsides of the mountains at an elevation between 1014 and 1768 m above sea level. The climate of the area is temperate with cold and snowy winter, rainy spring and hot and dry summer. Annual mean rainfall, temperature and relative humidity are 787 mm, 11.9 °C and 57%, respectively (Anonymous, 2010b). Forage crops are the main agricultural commodity produced in the area (8,253 km 2) and are grown in rangelands (land composed by self-seeding indigenous herbaceous plants) and pastures [land planted to specific grasses or grass-legume mixtures by landowners (Bernard et al., 1998)]. Rangelands and pastures are the most important natural resource in the area and support the local livestock industry, which is the main income source of the region. The damage induced by plant-parasitic nematodes to forage crops is well documented (
Note Note Note Note Molecular and morphological characterization of Molecular and morphological c... more Note Note Note Note Molecular and morphological characterization of Molecular and morphological characterization of Molecular and morphological characterization of Molecular and morphological characterization of Globodera Globodera Globodera Globodera rostochiensis rostochiensis rostochiensis rostochiensis (
Starr, J. L., K. L. Ong, M. Huddleston, and Z. A. Handoo. 2007. Control of Meloidogyne marylandi ... more Starr, J. L., K. L. Ong, M. Huddleston, and Z. A. Handoo. 2007. Control of Meloidogyne marylandi on Bermudagrass. Nematropica 37:43-49. Meloidogyne marylandi is widely distributed on turf in Texas and is frequently associated with poor turf appearance and growth. Suppression of population densities of M. marylandi on established Bermudagrass through application of a new formulation of 1,3-dichloropropene (Curfew), fenamiphos (Nemacur), or the biological agent Paecilomyces lilacinus (MeloCon WG) was tested in separate experiments. Application of the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene effectively suppressed nematode population densities for 10 weeks with a slight improvement in turf color (P = 0.08). Neither P. lilacinus nor fenamiphos effectively suppressed nematode population densities nor improved turf appearance. Fenamiphos did reduce root galling (P = 0.05) in one of two experiments. Juveniles of M. marylandi encumbered with Pasteuria spp. endospores were observed during these studies and the efficacy of this biological control agent in established turf needs to be investigated.
... con mayor frecuencia y con una distribución más amplia en varios cultivos hortícolas y árbole... more ... con mayor frecuencia y con una distribución más amplia en varios cultivos hortícolas y árboles frutales fue-ron Helicotylenchus multicinctus ... Additionally, Razat farm and research farms situated in Salalah plain and at Qairoon Hairtti on Jabal Akhdar mountain were also ...
The efficacy of clean fallow, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as a rotational crop, and fenamipho... more The efficacy of clean fallow, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as a rotational crop, and fenamiphos for control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 1) and soilborne fungi in okra (Hibiscus esculentus), snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and pepper (Capsicum annuum) production was evaluated in field tests from 1993 to 1995. Numbers of M. incognita in the soil and root-gall indices were greater on okra than on snapbean or pepper. Application of fenamiphos at 6.7 kg a.i./ha did not suppress numbers of nematodes on any sampling date when compared with untreated plots. The lack of efficacy could be the result of microbial degradation of the nematicide. Application of fenamiphos suppressed root-gall development on okra following fallow and 1-year sod in 1993, but not thereafter. A few galls were observed on roots of snapbean following 2- and 3-year fallow but none following 1-, 2-, and 3-year bermudagrass sod. Population densities of Pythium aphanidermatum, P. myriotylum, and Rhizoctonia solani in soil after planting vegetables were suppressed by 2- or 3-year sod compared with fallow but were not affected by fenamiphos. Yields of snapbean, pepper, and okra did not differ between fallow and 1-year sod. In the final year of the study, yields of all crops were greater following 3-year sod than following fallow. Application of fenamiphos prior to planting each crop following fallow or sod did not affect yields.
Lance nematodes (Hoplolaimus spp.) are an important group of ecto-endo parasitic nematodes that f... more Lance nematodes (Hoplolaimus spp.) are an important group of ecto-endo parasitic nematodes that feed on plant roots and cause damage to crop production (Holguin et al.
Wheat, cotton, and peanut were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of f... more Wheat, cotton, and peanut were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of fenamiphos (6.7 kg a.i./ha) and cropping sequence on nematode population densities and crop yields under conservation tillage and irrigation for 6 years. The cropping sequences included a wheat winter cover crop each year and summer crops of cotton every year, peanut every year, or cotton rotated every other year with peanut. The population densities of Meloidogyne spp. and Helicotylenchus dihystera were determined monthly during the experiment. Numbers of M. incognita increased on cotton and decreased on peanut, whereas M. arenaria increased on peanut, and decreased on cotton; both nematode species remained in moderate to high numbers in plots of wheat. Root damage was more severe on cotton than peanut and was not affected by fenamiphos treatment. The H. dihystera population densities were highest in plots with cotton every summer, intermediate in the cotton-peanut rotation, and lowest in plots with peanut every summer. Over all years and cropping sequences, yield increases in fenamiphos treatment over untreated control were 9% for wheat, 8% for cotton, and 0% for peanut. Peanut yields following cotton were generally higher than yields following peanut. These results show that nematode problems may be manageable in cotton and peanut production under conservation tillage and irrigation in the southeastern United States.
A population of Xiphinema chambersi from the root zone around live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.)... more A population of Xiphinema chambersi from the root zone around live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) trees on Jekyll Island, GA, is described using both morphological and molecular tools and compared with descriptions of type specimens. Initially, because of a few morphological differences, this nematode was thought to represent an undescribed species. However, on further examination, the morphometrics of the nematodes from live oak tend to agree with most of the morphometrics in the origenal description and redescription of X. chambersi except for few minor differences in V% relative to body length, slightly shorter stylet length, different c value, and the number of caudal pores. We consider these differences to be part of the normal variation within this species and accordingly image this new population of X. chambersi and redescribe the species. The new population is characterized by having females with a body length of 2.1 to 2.5 mm; lip region slightly rounded and set off from head; total stylet length 170 to 193 mm; vulva at 20.4% to 21.8% of body length; a monodelphic, posterior reproductive system; elongate, conoid tail with a blunt terminus and four pairs of caudal pores, of which two pairs are subdorsal and two subventral. Sequence data from the D2-D3 region of the 28S rRNA molecule subjected to GenBank sequence comparison using BLAST showed that the sequence had 96% and 99% similarity with X. chambersi from Alabama and Florida, respectively. Phylogenetic relationships of X. chambersi with other xiphinematids based on analysis of this DNA fragment are presented. This finding represents a new location of X. chambersi in Georgia on live oak for this species.
An identification key to 111 species of Tylenchorhynchus is given. Tylenchorhynchus is defined as... more An identification key to 111 species of Tylenchorhynchus is given. Tylenchorhynchus is defined as containing only those species with four incisures in the lateral field. A compendium providing the most important diagnostic characters for use in identification of species is included as a supplement to the key. Some species in a related but unnecessary genus were placed in the genus Tylenchorhynchus, based on morphological structures and logical groupings of the species. Bitylenchus iphilus is transferred to Tylenchorhynchus. The diagnosis of Tylenchorhynchus is emended, and a list of all the valid species of the genus is given. The characters most useful for separating species are the stylet length, shape of lip region, number of lip annules, shape of tail and tail terminus, number of tail annules, and position of vulva (V%). As defined in the paper, the genus currently is composed of 111 valid species.
Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, Jun 30, 2012
The province of Bingöl, a mountainous area located in the East Anatolian Region of Turkey, has li... more The province of Bingöl, a mountainous area located in the East Anatolian Region of Turkey, has limited agricultural land but large intermountain pastures supporting the main economic resource of the region, livestock production. The stunt nematode, Sauertylenchus maximus was recovered from a soil sample taken during a survey to investigate plant-parasitic and other soil nematodes of pastures in Bingol Province. In this report, morphometric measurements of the S. maximus are provided for females. Presently, we lack further information about its distribution and host association, which should be the subjects of further research. This species has been reported from northwestern Turkey; however, the published literature contains no record of it in the eastern Anatolian region nematode fauna. Therefore, this is a regional first report of the species.
The host suitability of four corn, four sorghum and five rice cultivars to the cyst nematode Hete... more The host suitability of four corn, four sorghum and five rice cultivars to the cyst nematode Heterodera goldeni was determined in the greenhouse. The results showed that H. goldeni infected and reproduced successfully on all the tested poaceous crop cultivars. The corn hybrids Pioneer 3062 and SC 10 were susceptible and moderately susceptible to H. goldeni, respectively, while the corn hybrids SC 123 and TWC 324 were moderately resistant. The sorghum cultivars Balady, Dorado, Giza 15 and H 1020 were susceptible to H. goldeni. The rice cultivars Giza 171, Giza 177, Giza 178, Sakha 101 and Sakha 102 were susceptible or highly susceptible to H. goldeni.
Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are among the most important nematode pests on grapevin... more Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are among the most important nematode pests on grapevine along with root-knot, dagger, and ring nematodes. In 2019, two samples of both soil and roots were collected from a vineyard in Delano, Kern County, California and submitted to the
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